PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK

I. Road Classification

A number of laws have been passed regarding the classification of roads in the country. The first
comprehensive reference to a Road Classification System is found in Republic Act No. 917, known
as the Philippine Highway Act, enacted in 1953 and Executive Order (E.O.) No. 113, Series of
1955. E.O. No. 113 also laid down the criteria for classification of national roads and for
conversion from local roads to national roads. This directive classified the roads into National
Primary and National Secondary classes as well as delineated the so-called "national aid"
provincial and city roads of sufficient importance.

In 1987, by virtue of E.O. No. 124, Series of 1987, Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH), through the Secretary, was given the power to classify roads and highways and also to
provide and authorize the conversion of roads and highways from one category to another.

In April 2002, a Technical Working Group (TWG) was established in connection with the New
Planning Process under NRIMP-1, where the main recommendation was to transfer over 10,000
km. of national roads to the Local Government Units (LGU’s) but this did not materialize.

In June 2009, a memorandum was approved by then Secretary Hermogenes E. Ebdane, Jr.
relative to the Department’s criteria/guidelines on road functional classification. National roads
were classified in relation to its functionality to the local road network into National Primary
Arterial Road (which is further categorized into: North-South Backbone, East-West Lateral, Other
Roads of Strategic Importance) and National Secondary Roads.

The North-South Backbone was the main trunk line from northernmost Luzon down to Southern
Mindanao interconnecting major islands while the East-West Laterals were the roads traversing
the backbone and across the islands. Other Roads of Strategic Importance were direct access to
important centers and areas vital for regional development and emergencies. National Secondary
roads were other roads which complemented national arterial roads that provided access to other
major population and production centers.

On April 14, 2014, a memorandum was issued by Secretary Rogelio L. Singson regarding the new
Road Classification System as well as the Route Numbering to all primary roads that has been
extended to secondary roads at present. This Road Classification and Route Numbering System
was then implemented and incorporated in the Road and Bridge Information Application (RBIA)
in compliance to the said memorandum. The succeeding table provides the criteria for each of
these classes of road.

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 TABLE A
Current Classification System
(Per D.O. No. 133, s. 2018)

National Primary  A contiguous length of significant road sections extending linearly

Roads without any breaks or forks that connect major cities (at least around
100,000 population) comprising the main trunk line or the backbone
of the national road system.
National  Directly connect cities to National Primary Roads, except in
Secondary metropolitan areas
Roads  Directly connect major ports and ferry terminals (as defined by DOTr)
to National Primary Roads
 Directly connect major airports (as defined by DOTr) to National
Primary Roads
 Directly connect tourist service centers (as defined by DOT) to National
Primary Roads or other National Secondary Roads
 Directly connect cities (not included in the category of major cities)
 Directly connect provincial capitals within the same region
 Directly connect major National Government Infrastructure to National
Primary Roads or other National Secondary Roads
Applicable only  Bypass/Diversion Roads – Roads that divert through traffic away from
for Primary and the city/municipality business centers (with affirmative feasibility
Secondary study)
Roads  Roads that would connect or fill the gap between adjoining national
roads (protruding) to form a continuous national road network.
National
 Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function
Tertiary Roads
Provincial  Connect cities and municipalities without traversing National Roads
Roads  Connect to National Roads to barangays through rural areas
 Connect to major provincial government infrastructure
Municipal  Roads within a Poblacion
and City Roads  Roads that connect to Provincial and National Roads
 Roads that provide inter-barangay connections to major Municipal and
City Infrastructure without traversing Provincial Roads
Barangay Roads  Other Public Roads (officially turned over) within the barangay and not
covered in the above definitions
Expressways  Highways with limited access, normally with interchanges; may include
facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system.

Modifications have been made to the new classification with the inclusion of the “National
Tertiary” class, instead of transferring 10,000 km. of National Roads to the Local Government
(city and municipality). No route numbers were assigned to Tertiary Roads as they function as
local roads.

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II. Route Numbering System (RNS)

Along with a new Functional Classification, a Route Numbering System was created which can
be easily understood by road users. Route numbering is essential to road users in planning their
itinerary. Road users will also expect that all roads of a certain classification, and of a certain
numbering scheme, will have similar performance standards. A well-numbered, well-signed and
well-publicized route system is also useful for road agencies and other government bodies to
channel traffic into preferred routes or corridors.

The details of the road classification and numbering can be viewed through this web link:
http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/gis , which shall also be the official source of this information.

The RNS has been devised for Expressways, Primary Roads and Secondary Roads at present. It
may be expanded to the Tertiary class at a later date.

TABLE B
Route Numbering System
Classification Numbering
National Primary Nos. N1 to N49 for the "main" routes or corridors, i.e.
those connecting 3 or more cities

Nos. N50 to N99 for other primary routes connecting

two cities

National Secondary Nos. 100 to 999

Expressways E1, E2, E3, etc.

Expressways are prefixed by the letter “E” for Expressway, in order to differentiate these roads
in road user’s mind from other types of road. The letter “E” implies a different design and
standard of road, and indicates to the public that a toll may be required. Expressways are
numbered continuously. A new number is not given simply because a different concessionaire is
in charge.

Primary Roads are numbered differently according to whether they form “main” corridors, or
whether they only connect two cities. Numbers N1 to N49 are used for “main” routes or
corridors like those connecting three or more cities. While, numbers N50 o N99 are for other
primary routes connecting two cities. This is purely for convention but it helps to differentiate
the nature and function of highways.

Secondary Roads have been given 3-digit numbers. The following general principles or guidelines
have been applied:

(1) The first digit of the Secondary Route corresponds to the number of the Primary Road to
which it connects, if any. Thus, for example, Secondary Road 102 connects to Primary
Road 1 while Secondary Road 405 connects to Primary Road
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 (2) If a Secondary Route connects two Primary Routes, then the first digit of the
Secondary Route corresponds to the first digit of the lowest numbered Primary Route.
Thus, if a Secondary Route connects Primary Routes 3 and 4, then the first digit of
the Secondary Route would be 3;
(3) “Major” Secondary such as those which can easily be identified as more significant
thoroughfares have been numbered in multiples of 10 (e.g. 410, 420, 430…);
(4) Where possible, gaps have been left in the numbering scheme to accommodate
future expansion. Thus, there may be a Route 410, 411, 412 and then the next Route
may be 420, leaving a gap 413-419 for future use;
(5) Most islands (apart from the larger islands of Luzon and Mindanao) have unique first
and second digits. Thus, for example, Secondary roads in Bohol are numbered in the
85 series (i.e. 850, 851, 852, etc.) while Secondary roads in Siquijor are numbered
in the 86 series (i.e 860, 861, etc.). Note that, at this point, it has not been possible
to apply these guidelines strictly in certain cases especially in dense parts of the
network such as in National Capital Region.

It will be necessary to add new routes in the future. Any change in classification of an individual
road section should result in a new Route Number. It will also be necessary to assign route
numbers to new roads, especially at the Primary and Secondary levels.

It is not possible to develop detailed procedures in numbering routes since each situation must
be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The current route numbers will evolve over time as
network develops. Reviews shall be undertaken on a periodic six-year cycle and must be done
on a holistic basis and should consider the road network in its entirety rather than in a disjointed
manner.

III. Road Conversion

The initial classification system of roads in the Philippines was established by succession of laws
based from the necessity during the period of their implementation. There are several Executive
Orders (E.O.s) and Republic Acts (R.A.) that governs the classification of roads in the Philippines.

E.O. No. 124, Series of 1987, reorganizing the Department of Public Works and Highways, state
among others, “the Minister (now Secretary) of the Ministry (now Department) of Public
Works and Highways shall have the power to classify roads and highways into
national, regional (interpreted as routes of primary arterial roads), provincial, city,
municipal, and barangay roads and highways, based on objective criteria it shall
adopt; provide or authorize the conversion of roads and highways from one category
to another.”

Road conversion relates to funding or ownership of the road or which organization is responsible
for managing and maintaining an individual road. Normally, national roads are managed by the
National Government and local (Provincial, City, and Municipal) roads are managed by the Local
Government.

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A memorandum dated June 10, 2009 adopting the DPWH Road Functional Classification Criteria
and Technical Requirement was approved and signed by the Department Secretary with the
Planning Service as the final recommending arm of the Department. As such, the Planning Service
is vested with the authority to inspect and evaluate the conversion of roads from one category
to another.

There are three (3) ways of converting roads. It may be done through either executive, legislative
or administrative means. The Department of Public Works and Highways was mandated by virtue
of E.O. No. 124, series of 1987 to convert regional highways, provincial, city, municipal, barangay
roads into national roads under its established Road Functional Classification Criteria and
Technical Standards and Requirements. For legislative procedure, the Planning Service (PS)
essentially provides comment and information in consonance to the Department’s Criteria on
Road Functional Classification when requested by both Committees on Public Works, House of
Representatives and the Senate. During the hearings conducted by these committees, the
Director and staff from PS usually represent DPWH, if the Secretary is not available.

The local road proposed for conversion will be considered for reclassification into national road
by way of DPWH Administrative Procedure, as mandated under E.O. No. 124, Series of 1987. It
shall be subjected to the criteria and guidelines set per Department Order (D.O.) No 133, s.2018.
Said road should satisfy at least one of the new DPWH Road Functional Classification Criteria and
should conform to the Technical Requirements and Standards for a national road

DPWH Technical Requirements and Standards for a National Road:

1) Proof of acquisition of the required minimum 20-meter road right-of-way (RROW) per E.O.
254, s.1987 (absolute requirement). This includes Deeds of Donation or Sale duly notarized
(indicating the lot number, OCT/TCT number, area acquired including technical description,
sketches and Real Property Tax Declaration Number;
2) Certifications from the concerned Provincial/City/Municipality Register of Deeds in order to
ensure the Department that there will be no expense from its part for any claims for the
payment of RROW that may arise therefrom; and,
3) Certification from the District Engineer concerned that the road is within the DPWH’s standards
of at least 20 meters RROW, with carriageway width of 6 meters with gravel surfacing and in
maintainable condition.

If these conditions are satisfied, a D.O. will be issued by the DPWH Secretary converting the
road. The Secretary of Public Works and Highways was given the authority to recommend roads
to be declared as national roads by the President of the Republic of the Philippines.

Since the Philippine road network is already mature, it is likely that there are very few cases
which can actually warrant a change in classification from local to national function.

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 TABLE C
NUMBER AND LENGTH OF CONVERTED ROADS
FOR CY 2009 – 2019

Table C shows the number and length of converted roads through Legislative and
Administrative procedures from 2009 to 2019.

Overall, the total length of road sections whose administration have been transferred from
local government units to the national government, from 2009 to 2019, is now 2,695.07 km,
consisting of a total of 254 road sections that were converted for the period cited. All road
sections reclassified from the year 2009 to 2019 are already included in the RBIA database.

The Department’s main focus at this point is developing the Primary and Secondary roads to
serve national road network functions. There is no basis for converting roads that largely
perform local function. Likewise, the Philippine road network is already mature. It is likely that
there are very few cases which can actually warrant a change in classification from local to
national function.

Presented in the succeeding graphs (Figures A and B) are the number and length of roads
converted per year from CY 2009 - 2019.

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 FIGURE A

FIGURE B

The number of local roads subject for reclassification varies considerably based on the number
of proposals endorsed by DEOs and local government units through resolution, as well as
Congress through House Bills. The number of roads that have been converted from 2009 to
2019 are twenty-seven (27), forty (40), nine (9), nine (9), sixty-four (64), twenty-four (24),
seven (7), thirty-three (33), eleven (11), sixteen (16) and thirteen (13); having a
corresponding road length of 499.62 km, 1,056.16 km, 67.73 km, 60.79 km, 549.13 km,
118.01 km, 52.65 km, 82.05 km, 87.17 km, 48.02 km and 73.74 km, respectively.

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 FIGURE C

Figure C shows the annual percentage distribution of the number of roads converted in an
eleven (11) year period, from 2009 to 2019. The highest percentage distribution of converted
roads is 25.30% which was in 2013. The lowest is at 2.77% in 2015.

Figure D represents the percentage distribution of the length of converted roads from 2009-
2019. In a period of eleven (11) years, 39.19% is the highest percentage recorded for the
year 2010, seconded by 20.38% in 2013, followed by 18.54% in 2009, 4.38% in 2014, 3.23%
in 2017, 3.04% in 2016, 2.74% in 2019, 2.51% in 2011, 2.26% in 2012, 1.95% in 2015 and
1.78% in 2018.

FIGURE D
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 Table D below provides a detailed list of local roads converted into national roads for CY
2018.

Table D

Table E illustrates the number and length of converted roads on a per region basis from the
year 2009 to 2019. It clearly shows that NCR has the most number of road sections that were
converted as there were forty-eight (48) proposed local roads that have passed the Functional
Classification Criteria set by the Department.

Furthermore, the region with the longest aggregate road length that has been converted from
local roads into national roads is Region X at 318.10 km.

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 Table E
Regional Summary of Reclassified Local Roads into National Roads
by Number of Road Section and Length

YEAR
REGION UNIT Total
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Number 2 2 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 14
CAR
Length (km) 19.17 44.40 - - 99.06 - - 17.55 - - - 180.18
Number 3 3 0 0 7 11 2 14 4 4 0 48
NCR
Length (km) 13.38 11.04 - - 12.76 5.56 6.96 5.04 0.57 3.08 - 58.40
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3
NIR
Length (km) - - - - - - - 4.07 - - - 4.07
Number 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 10
I
Length (km) - 10.79 6.32 - 5.22 0.53 - 2.93 - 4.23 7.887 37.90
Number 2 0 4 0 4 0 1 0 3 6 2 22
II
Length (km) 17.78 - 46.19 - 43.40 - 11.07 - 40.42 26.339 21.654 185.20
Number 4 4 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 15
III
Length (km) 108.14 90.94 - - 71.10 - - 0.63 - - - 270.81
Number 3 1 0 5 1 4 1 2 1 0 0 18
IV-A
Length (km) 33.97 15.87 - 1.76 1.60 37.14 2.77 10.68 24.83 - - 128.62
Number 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 8
IV-B
Length (km) 29.01 - - 4.17 36.79 - - - 0.10 1.06 - 71.13
Number 1 4 1 0 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 12
V
Length (km) 17.01 65.94 1.47 - 26.12 - 14.23 24.20 - - - 148.98
Number 2 2 0 0 10 2 0 0 0 1 7 24
VI
Length (km) 49.43 18.85 - - 33.16 10.00 - - - 1.13 22.855 112.57
Number 3 6 0 0 13 0 0 3 0 1 2 28
VII
Length (km) 48.19 192.98 - - 24.11 - - 5.34 - 9.03 12.188 279.65
Number 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 14
VIII
Length (km) 2.31 35.70 1.20 51.74 44.68 16.58 17.62 1.40 19.22 - - 190.45
Number 0 5 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
IX
Length (km) - 150.36 - 3.13 135.18 - - - - - - 288.66
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7
X
Length (km) - 309.94 - - - - - - - - 8.157 318.10
Number 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 7
XI
Length (km) 48.91 54.89 12.55 - - 5.37 - - - 3.16 - 124.88
Number 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 7
XII
Length (km) 112.32 - - - - - - 10.21 2.04 - - 124.56
Number 0 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 1 9
XIII
Length (km) - 54.48 - - 15.93 42.83 - - - - 0.995 114.23
Number 27 40 9 9 64 24 7 33 11 16 14 254
Grand Total
Length (km) 499.62 1,056.16 67.73 60.79 549.13 118.01 52.65 82.05 87.17 48.02 73.74 2,638.37

IV. Engineering Offices

Section 25 of Executive Order No. 124, Series of 1987, provides for the establishment of
engineering offices in each of the provinces and cities throughout the country responsible for all
highways, flood control and water resource development systems, and other public works within
the district under the purview of regional offices comprised therein.

Under its present set-up, DPWH has 183 existing Regular District Engineering Offices (DEOs) and
sixteen (16) Regional Offices (ROs) making up contiguous component municipalities designated
through administrative orders and other forms of legislation.

The classification of a DEO determines its staffing pattern or workforce as determined by the
Human Resource and Administrative Service (HRAS). Each regular DEO is classified as either 1st,
2nd or 3rd class based on its equivalent road length. Presently, seventy (70), one hundred (100),
and thirteen (13) DEOs are considered under the aforementioned classification, respectively.

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 Table F

Existing DEOs were established based on vital parameters such as the district’s physical and
socioeconomic features, particularly its road length, land area and population per Department
Order (DO) No. 110, Series of 2016.

A. For the creation of a new DEO, the minimum requirements are as follows:

REQUIREMENT FOR THE CREATION OF DEOs

PARAMETERS MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
NATIONAL ROAD LENGTH 100 KILOMETERS
LAND AREA 100 SQ. KM
POPULATION 250,000 INHABITANTS

FOR ISLAND COMPONENT 35,000 INHABITANTS

MUNICIPALITY

B. For the classification/reclassification of DEOs the following parameters must be followed:

PARAMETER FOR DEO CLASSIFICATION

EQUIVALENT LANE KILOMETER DEO CLASS
250 AND ABOVE 1ST CLASS
100 UP TO < 250 2ND CLASS
< 100 3RD CLASS

An updated list of existing district and regional offices including their corresponding address is
provided in the succeeding matrix.
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 Table G
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
LIST OF DISTRICT ENGINEERING OFFICES (DEOs) AND OFFICE LOCATION

REGION DEO OFFICE LOCATION

CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE
CAR Engineer's Hill, Baguio City
REGION (CAR)
1 ABRA DEO Rizal St., Zone 7, Bangued, Abra
2 APAYAO 1ST DEO Conner, Apayao
3 APAYAO 2ND DEO San Isidro Sur, Luna, Apayao
4 BAGUIO CITY DEO Engineer's Hill, Baguio City
5 BENGUET 1ST DEO Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
6 BENGUET 2ND DEO Natubleng, Buguias, Benguet
7 IFUGAO 1ST DEO Poblacion North, Lagawe, Ifugao
8 IFUGAO 2ND DEO Galunugon, Aguinaldo, Ifugao
9 LOWER KALINGA DEO Purok 6, Brgy. Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
10 MT. PROVINCE DEO Lower Caluttit, Bontoc, Mountain Province
11 MT. PROVINCE 2ND DEO Paracelis, Mountain Province (Temporary Address)
12 UPPER KALINGA DEO Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga, Apayao
NCR NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NCR) 2nd Street, Port Area, Manila
1 LAS PIÑAS-MUNTINLUPA DEO Dpwh NCR Compound, 2nd Street, Port Area, Mla.
2 MALABON-NAVOTAS DEO C-4 Road, Bagumbayan North, Navotas City
West Bank Road, Manggahan Floodway, Rosario,
3 METRO MANILA 1ST DEO
Pasig City
4 METRO MANILA 2ND DEO Bonifacio Drive cor. 8th St. Port Area, Manila
APDC-BAI Compound, R. Valenzuela Ext., Marulas,
5 METRO MANILA 3RD DEO
Valenzuela City
6 NORTH MANILA DEO Nagtahan, Sta. Mesa, Manila
7 QUEZON CITY 1ST DEO Sta. Catalina St., Brgy. Holy Spirit, Quezon City
8 QUEZON CITY 2ND DEO 790 EDSA, Diliman, Quezon City
9 SOUTH MANILA DEO Bonifacio Drive cor. 8th St. Port Area, Manila
REGION Aguila Road, Sevilla, San Fernando City, La
ILOCOS REGION
I Union
Airport Avenue, Brgy. 43, Cavit, Laoag City, Ilocos
1 ILOCOS NORTE 1ST DEO
Norte
2 ILOCOS NORTE 2ND DEO Brgy. 20, San Pablo, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
3 ILOCOS SUR 1ST DEO Zone 6, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
4 ILOCOS SUR 2ND DEO Brgy. Calaoa-an, Candon City, Ilocos Sur
5 LA UNION 1ST DEO Brgy. Lingsat, San Fernando City, La Union
6 LA UNION 2ND DEO Brgy. Natividad, Naguilian, La Union
7 PANGASINAN 1ST DEO Pandayan St., Poblacion, Alaminos City, Pangasinan
8 PANGASINAN 2ND DEO Alvear St., Lingayen, Pangasinan
9 PANGASINAN 3RD DEO Tomana West, Rosales, Pangasinan
10 PANGASINAN 4TH DEO Brgy. Tuliao, Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan
REGION Reg. Site Center, Carig Sur,Tuguegarao City,
CAGAYAN VALLEY
II Cagayan
1 BATANES DEO National Rd., Kayvaluganan, Basco, Batanes

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 2 CAGAYAN 1ST DEO Brgy. Minanga, Aparri, Cagayan
3 CAGAYAN 2ND DEO Libertad, Abulog, Cagayan
Nursery Compound, Bagay Road, San Gabriel,
4 CAGAYAN 3RD DEO
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
5 ISABELA 1ST DEO Brgy. Osmeña, City of Ilagan, Isabela
6 ISABELA 2ND DEO San Antonio, Roxas, Isabela
7 SABELA 3RD DEO Brgy. Tagaran, Cauayan City, Isabela
8 ISABELA 4TH DEO Brgy. Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela
9 NUEVA VIZCAYA DEO Capitol Compound, Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya
10 NUEVA VIZCAYA 2ND DEO Malasin, Dupax del Norte, Nueva Viscaya
11 QUIRINO DEO Cabarroguis, Quirino
REGION
CENTRAL LUZON Sindalan, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
III
1 AURORA DEO Brgy. Reserva, Baler, Aurora
2 BATAAN 1ST DEO Roman Expressway, Orani, Bataan
3 BATAAN 2ND DEO Vicarville Subdivision, Tenejaro, Balanga City, Bataan
4 BULACAN 1ST DEO Tikay, City of Malolos, Bulacan
5 BULACAN 2ND DEO Cityland Subd., Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
6 NUEVA ECIJA 1ST DEO La Torre, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
7 NUEVA ECIJA 2ND DEO Brgy. San Isidro, Cabanatuan City
8 PAMPANGA 1ST DEO Sindalan, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
9 PAMPANGA 2ND DEO San Antonio, Guagua, Pampanga
10 PAMPANGA 3RD DEO San Francisco St., Brgy. Pampang, Angeles City
11 TARLAC DEO Parsolingan, Gerona, Tarlac
12 TARLAC 2ND DEO NIA Compound, Jefmin, Concepcion, Tarlac
13 ZAMBALES 1ST DEO Iba, Zambales
14 ZAMBALES 2ND DEO Sitio Baring, San Nicolas, Castillejos, Zambales
REGION
CALABARZON EDSA, Quezon City
IV-A
1 BATANGAS 1ST DEO Kumintang Ilaya, Batangas City
2 BATANGAS 2ND DEO Kumintang Ilaya, Batangas City
3 BATANGAS 3RD DEO J. Gonzales St., Tanauan City, Batangas
4 BATANGAS 4THDEO Brgy. Marawoy, Lipa City, Batangas
Capitol Compound, Brgy. San Agustin, Trece Martirez
5 CAVITE DEO
City
Akle St., cor. Mahogany Ave., Brgy. Kaybagal South,
6 CAVITE 2ND DEO
Tagaytay City
7 CAVITE SUB-DEO Carmona, Cavite
Manuel L. Quezon Ave., Brgy. Callios, Sta. Cruz,
8 LAGUNA 1ST DEO
Laguna
9 LAGUNA 2ND DEO Brgy. Bambang, Los Baños, Laguna
10 LAGUNA 3RD DEO Mariflor Subd., San Pablo City, Laguna
11 QUEZON 1ST DEO Brgy. Abang, Lucban, Quezon
12 QUEZON 2ND DEO Dalahican Road, Ibabang Dupay, Lucena City
13 QUEZON 3RD DEO Catanauan, Quezon
Immaculada Concepcion Village, Brgy. Isabang,
14 QUEZON 4TH DEO
Lucena City
15 RIZAL 1ST DEO Brgy. Calumpang, Binangonan, Rizal

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 #16 West Bank Road, Mangahan Floodway, Brgy.
16 RIZAL 2ND DEO
Rosario, Pasig City
REGION
MIMAROPA EDSA, Quezon City
IV-B
1 MARINDUQUE DEO Bangbangalon, Boac, Marinduque
2 MINDORO OCCIDENTAL DEO Airport Rd., Mamburao, Mindoro Occidental
3 MINDORO ORIENTAL DEO Brgy. Masipit, Calapan City,l Mindoro Oriental
4 PALAWAN 1ST DEO Barangay III, Roxas, Palawan
Km.92, South National Highway, Brgy. Antipuluan,
5 PALAWAN 2ND DEO
Narra, Palawan
6 PALAWAN 3RD DEO Brgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
#014 J.P. Rizal St., Tabing Dagat, Odiongan,
7 ROMBLON DEO
Romblon
8 SOUTHERN MINDORO DEO Barangay Roxas, Mindoro Oriental
REGION Regional Center Site, Rawis, Legazpi City,
BICOL REGION
V Albay
1 ALBAY 1ST DEO Airport Site,Legaspi City
2 ALBAY 2ND DEO RES V Compound, Airport Site,Legaspi City
3 ALBAY 3RD DEO Paulog, Ligao City
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. Pasig, Daet, Camarines
4 CAMARINES NORTE DEO
Norte
5 CAMARINES SUR 1ST DEO Baras, Canaman, Camarines Sur
6 CAMARINES SUR 2ND DEO Baras, Canaman, Camarines Sur
7 CAMARINES SUR 3RD DEO Caraycayon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
8 CAMARINES SUR 4TH DEO Brgy. Sta. Teresa, Baao, Camarines Sur
9 CAMARINES SUR 5TH DEO Baras, Canaman, Camarines Sur
10 CATANDUANES DEO San Isidro Village, Virac, Catanduanes
11 MASBATE 1ST DEO Capitol Road, Brgy. Centro, Masbate City
12 MASBATE 2ND DEO Brgy. Balocawe, Dimasalang, Masbate
13 MASBATE 3RD DEO Brgy. Bayanihan, San Fernando, Masbate
14 SORSOGON DEO Daang Maharlika, Guinlajon, Sorsogon
15 SORSOGON 2ND DEO Brgy. Payawin, Gubat, Sorsogon
REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City
VI
1 AKLAN DEO Toting Reyes St., Kalibo, Aklan
2 ANTIQUE DEO Preciado Street, San Jose, Antique
3 BACOLOD CITY DEO Zardonyx St., Brgy. Taculing, Bacolod City
4 CAPIZ 1ST DEO Km. 1, Roxas City
5 CAPIZ 2ND DEO Brgy. Consolacion, Dumalag, Capiz
6 GUIMARAS DEO Brgy. San Miguel, Jordan, Guimaras
7 ILOILO 1ST DEO Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City
8 ILOILO 2ND DEO Balabag, Dumangas, Iloilo
9 ILOILO 3RD DEO Brgy. Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
10 ILOILO 4TH DEO Brgy. Bolong, Oeste, Sta Barbara, Iloilo
11 ILOILO CITY DEO Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City
12 NEGROS OCC. 1ST DEO Matab-ang, Talisay City, Negros Occidental
13 NEGROS OCC. 2ND DEO Binalbagan, Negros Occidental
14 NEGROS OCC. 3RD DEO Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

14
 15 NEGROS OCC. 4TH DEO Bago City, Negros Occidental
REGION
CENTRAL VISAYAS South Road Properties (SRP), Cebu City
VII
1 BOHOL 1ST DEO Dao,Tagbilaran City
2 BOHOL 2ND DEO Ubay, Bohol
3 BOHOL 3RD DEO Sawang, Guindulman , Bohol
4 CEBU 1ST DEO New Medellin Estate, Poblacion Medellin, Cebu
5 CEBU 2ND DEO Lawaan, Talisay, Cebu
6 CEBU 3RD DEO Sitio Khinner, Brgy. Poblacion, Toledo City, Cebu
7 CEBU 4TH DEO Poblacion, Dalaguete, Cebu
8 CEBU 5TH DEO V. Sotto St., Brgy. Tinago, Pier 3, Cebu City
9 CEBU 6TH DEO A.C. Cortes Ave., Mandaue City
10 CEBU CITY DEO V. Sotto St., Brgy. Tinago, Cebu City
11 NEGROS ORIENTAL 1ST DEO Tinaoagan, Bindoy, Negros Oriental
12 NEGROS ORIENTAL 2ND DEO Capitol Area, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
13 NEGROS ORIENTAL 3RD DEO Malabuhan, Siaton, Negros Oriental
14 SIQUIOR DEO Larena, Siquijor
REGION
EASTERN VISAYAS Govt. Center, Baras, Palo, Leyte
VIII
1 BILIRAN DEO Naval, Biliran
2 EASTERN SAMAR DEO Brgy. Alang-alang, Borongan City, Eastern Samar
3 LEYTE 1ST DEO Brgy. Pawing, Palo, Leyte
4 LEYTE 2ND DEO Brgy. Barugohay Central, Carigara, Leyte
5 LEYTE 3RD DEO Brgy. Suba, Villaba, Leyte
Government Center Area, Brgy. Punta, Ormoc City,
6 LEYTE 4TH DEO
Leyte
7 LEYTE 5TH DEO Brgy. Hipusngo, Baybay City, Leyte
8 NORTHERN SAMAR 1ST DEO Catarman, Northern Samar
9 NORTHERN SAMAR 2ND DEO Brgy. Burabud, Laoang, Northern Samar
10 SAMAR 1ST DEO Brgy. San Policarpo, Calbayog City, Samar
11 SAMAR 2ND DEO Brgy. Guindapunan, Catbalogan City, Samar
12 SOUTHERN LEYTE DEO Brgy. Asuncion, Maasin City, Southern Leyte
13 TACLOBAN CITY DEO Brgy. Abucay, Tacloban City, Leyte
REGION Veterans Avenue Extension, Tetuan,
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
IX Zamboanga City
1 ISABELA CITY DEO Tabuk, Isabela City, Basilan
2 ZAMBOANGA CITY DEO MCLL, Divisoria, Zamboanga City
3 ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE 1ST DEO Sta. Isabel, Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte
4 ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE 2ND DEO Usukan, Labason, Zamboanga del Norte
5 ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE 3RD DEO Segabe, Piñan, Zamboanga del Norte
Rizal Avenue, Balangasan District, Pagadian City,
6 ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR 1ST DEO
Zamboanga del Sur
7 ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR 2ND DEO Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
8 ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY 1ST DEO Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay
9 ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY 2ND DEO Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
REGION
NORTHERN MINDANAO Engineer's Hill, Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City
X
1 BUKIDNON 1ST DEO Capitol Site, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
2 BUKIDNON 2ND DEO Pinamoloy, Don Carlos, Bukidnon
15
 3 BUKIDNON 3RD DEO Dicklum, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon
4 CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY 1ST DEO 10th RES Compound, Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City
5 CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY 2ND DEO Brgy. Macabalan, Cagayan de Oro City
6 CAMIGUIN DEO Poblacion, Mambajao, Camiguin
ARS Compound, Seminary Drive, Del Carmen, Iligan
7 LANAO DEL NORTE 1ST DEO
City
ARS Compound, Seminary Drive, Del Carmen, Iligan
8 LANAO DEL NORTE 2ND DEO
City
Capitol Site, Lowel Lamak, Oroquita City, Misamis
9 MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL 1ST DEO
Occidental
10 MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL 2ND DEO Juan Luna Street, Tangub City, Misamis Occidental
Purok 5, Saat State Subdivision, Brgy. 26, Gingoog
11 MISAMIS ORIENTAL 1ST DEO
City, Misamis Oriental
12 MISAMIS ORIENTAL 2ND DEO Balase Street, El Salvador City
REGION Ramon Magsaysay Ave., corner Chavez St.,
DAVAO REGION
XI Davao City
Humabon St., Poblacion Nabunturan, Compostela
1 COMPOSTELA VALLEY DEO
Valley
2 DAVAO CITY DEO L. Maria Guerrero St., Davao City
3 DAVAO CITY 2ND DEO Tirol St., Tugbok, Davao City
4 DAVAO DEL NORTE DEO Brgy. Canocotan, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
5 DAVAO DEL SUR DEO Lapu-Lapu St.,Digos City, Davao del Sur
6 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL DEO Brgy. Buhangin, Malita, Davao del Sur
7 DAVAO ORIENTAL 1ST DEO Brgy. Lucod, Baganga, Davao Oriental
8 DAVAO ORIENTAL 2ND DEO Mati-ao, Mati City , Davao Oriental
REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN Mabini St., cor. Alunan Ave., Koronadal City
XII
1 COTABATO 1ST DEO Lanao, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
2 COTABATO 2ND DEO Villarica, Midsayap, North Cotabato
3 COTABATO CITY DEO #8 Ramon H. Rabago Sr. Street, Cotabato City
4 SARANGGANI DEO Brgy. Kawas, Alabel, Saranggani
Alunan Avenue, Brgy. 3, Koronadal City, South
5 SOUTH COTABATO DEO
Cotabato
6 SOUTH COTABATO 2ND DEO Brgy. Lagao, General Santos City, South Cotabato
7 SULTAN KUDARAT 1ST DEO Old Capitol Site, Kalawag Dos, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat
8 SULTAN KUDARAT 2ND DEO Brgy. Porikay, Sitio Kumalawit, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
REGION
CARAGA REGION J. Rosales Ave., Butuan City
XIII
1 AGUSAN DEL NORTE DEO J. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte
2 AGUSAN DEL SUR 1ST DEO Patin-ay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur
3 AGUSAN DEL SUR 2ND DEO Brgy. Karaos, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur
4 BUTUAN CITY DEO R. Palma St., Butuan City
5 DINAGAT ISLANDS DEO Brgy. Cuarenta, San Jose, Dinagat Island
6 SURIGAO DEL NORTE 1ST DEO Juese Seiing Road, Surigao City
7 SURIGAO DEL NORTE 2ND DEO Brgy. Dose, Catabaan, Dapa, Surigao del Norte
Capitol Road, Brgy. Elaje, Tandag City, Surigao del
8 SURIGAO DEL SUR 1ST DEO
Sur
9 SURIGAO DEL SUR 2ND DEO Purok 13, Mancarogo, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur

16
V. Data Analysis

A. National Road Length Per Functional Classification

TABLE H
Annual Increase of National Roads (2008 – 2019)
National National National Annual Growth
Year Primary Secondary Tertiary Total Increase Rate
(km) (km) (km) (km) (%)
2008 15,663.45 13,986.90 - 29,650.36
2009 15,730.56 14,167.53 - 29,898.09 247.73 0.84
2010 15,871.91 15,370.47 - 31,242.38 1,344.29 4.50
2011 15,986.72 15,372.40 - 31,359.12 116.74 0.37
2012 16,056.47 15,541.21 - 31,597.68 238.56 0.76
2013 16,078.72 16,148.22 - 32,226.93 629.25 1.99
2014 7,060.39 14,051.37 11,414.73 32,526.50 299.57 0.93
2015 7,066.74 14,118.49 11,448.14 32,633.37 106.87 0.33
2016 7,067.42 14,148.04 11,554.81 32,770.27 136.90 0.42
2017 7,066.58 14,248.89 11,552.60 32,868.06 97.79 0.30
2018 7,068.23 14,284.60 11,579.88 32,932.71 64.65 0.20
2019 7,071.85 14,339.06 11,607.34 33,018.25 85.54 0.26

Table H provides a summary of the development, in terms of increase in length, of the Philippine
National Road Network from 2008-2019. With the inception of the current Functional Classification
in April 2014, the length of national roads has been apportioned accordingly, as Primary and
Secondary, with the inclusion of National Tertiary Roads.

FIGURE E

Figure E gives us a clear picture of the growth rate of roads for the same given period. The
rates are 0.84%, 4.50%, 0.37%, 0.76%, 1.99%, 0.93%, 0.33%, 0.42%, 0.30%, 0.20% and
0.26% for the period of 2009 to 2019. Road length has increased gradually with a remarkable
17
 surge in the year 2010. The increase was attributed to the various local roads converted into
national roads, a total of sixty-three (63) road sections through Republic Acts and nine (9)
road sections through the issuance of Departments Orders, results on the spot check
conducted on newly rehabilitated roads, road realignment, change in congressional and
district boundaries. The gap portion from K1536 + 260 to K1610 + 264, integrated through
the provisions of DO No. 13 dated February 9, 2010 of the Kapalong-Talaingod-San Fernando-
Valencia Road, with a length of 73.65 km under the jurisdiction of the Bukidnon 1 st District
Engineering Office, was the longest road section to be incorporated in the RBIA database
within the said year.

In 2012, the national road network increased by 238.56 km with a total length of 31,597.68
km. The increase was brought about by the conversion of local roads into national roads,
inclusion of newly improved gap sections, completed flyover and Y-length, modified road
configuration from single to dual carriageway. In the said year, ten (10) Department Orders
were issued reclassifying various local roads into national roads with a length of 60.79 km. On
the other hand, thirteen road sections with a total length of 32.66 km were temporarily deleted
from the List of National Roads since they no longer function as to their purpose. These roads
were either impassable due to road cut, collapsed bridges or were transferred to ARMM
jurisdiction.

Based on the most recent data for the year 2019, there has been an increase of 85.54 km or
0.26 % in the total road length attributable to newly-converted road sections, newly improved
gap sections, completed flyover and wye length and modified road configuration from single
to dual carriageway.

B. Comparative Regional Yearly Length of National Roads (2009-2019)

The data illustrated in Table 7 on page 54 show the increase or decrease of road length
according to surface type (paved or unpaved) and functional classification in all the regions
under the jurisdiction of the Department. These data give us a clear idea on the state of
national roads in the country from 2009 to 2019. The table provides information that can be
used as a gauge in monitoring the progress of road surface on an annual basis, so as to assess
and compare existing and previous road lengths which are utilized in planning and
programming of the Philippine road network.

These data are very useful information to give support to decision-makers from government
and private sectors on the future plans and programs in their area of concern to spur economic
development in accordance with national development goals and objectives.

The trend shows that from year 2009 to 2019, there has been a relative decrease in the length
of unpaved roads and consequently an increase in the length of paved roads all throughout
the regions in the country. This was due to road improvements attributable to newly improved
gap sections, road sections that were subjected to validation and road inventory and roads
requested for conversion from local road to national road evaluated by the Department, in its
commitment to provide total connectivity of national roads.

18
 As a result of the inclusion of tertiary roads to the national road network, through the
memorandum that was signed by the Secretary in 2014, there has been a notable decrease
in the length of Primary and Secondary roads. Nevertheless, this inclusion has not affected
the aggregate length of national roads since roads tagged as tertiary were merely reclassified
and remain part of the road network.

C. Road Length and Percentage Per Surface Type

TABLE I
Length and Percentage of National Roads
Percentage
Surface Type Length (km)
(%)
Concrete 21,646.10 65.56
Asphalt 10,440.98 31.62
Gravel 889.21 2.69
Earth 41.96 0.13
Total 33,018.25 100.00

FIGURE F

The country’s national road network is predominantly concrete surfacing at 65.56% or

21,646.10 km out of the total length of 33,018.25 km. Asphalt roads which comprise 31.62%
of the total road network decreased, having a length of 10,440.98 km. Gravel and earth roads
are now 2.69% and 0.13% or 889.21 km and 41.96 km, respectively as shown in Figure F.

Figure G below shows the percentage of length of national roads based on surface type. For
the year 2019, Region VI has the longest concrete roads among the regions in the country,
with a length of 2,326.55 km, while NCR has the shortest at 436.05 km. Whereas, Region IV-
A has the longest aggregate asphalt road length at 1,625.79 km while Region IV-B has the
shortest asphalt roads with a length of 144.52 km.

19
 Further, it is worth noting that NCR and Region IV-A have the highest ratio of paved roads or
roads composed of concrete or asphalt among all the other regions under the purview of the
Department with zero percent gravel and earth roads, respectively.

FIGURE G

D. Length and Percentage of Paved & Unpaved Roads

FIGURE H

20
 TABLE J
Length and Percentage of Paved and Unpaved Roads
For the Period 2009-2019
PAVED UNPAVED
Year Total
Total % Total %
2009 22,468.67 75.15 7,429.42 24.85 29,898.09
2010 24,126.56 77.22 7,115.82 22.78 31,242.38
2011 24,834.38 79.19 6,524.74 20.81 31,359.12
2012 25,443.44 80.52 6,154.24 19.48 31,597.68
2013 26,772.93 83.08 5,454 16.92 32,226.93
2014 27,816.46 85.52 4,710.04 14.48 32,526.50
2015 28,919.17 88.62 3,714.20 11.38 32,633.37
2016 30,009.99 91.58 2,760.27 8.42 32,770.27
2017 31,035.31 94.42 1,832.75 5.58 32,868.06
2018 31,622.78 96.02 1,309.93 3.98 32,932.71
2019 32,087.08 97.18 931.17 2.82 33,018.25

TABLE K
Length and Growth Rate of Paved Roads
For the Period 2009-2019

Growth Rate
Year Length (km)
(%)
2009 22,468.67 3.65
2010 24,126.56 7.38
2011 24,834.38 2.93
2012 25,443.44 2.45
2013 26,772.93 5.23
2014 27,816.46 3.90
2015 28,919.17 3.96
2016 30,009.99 3.77
2017 31,035.31 3.42
2018 31,622.78 1.89
2019 32,087.08 1.47

Length of paved roads in the Philippines had gradually increased in the past eleven (11)
years. From a baseline length of 22,468.67 km in 2009 to 32,087.08 in 2019, an aggregate
length of 9,618.41 km had been added to the national road network.

Growth rates for the period in consideration (CY 2009 to 2019) varies considerably based on
the length of road sections that had been included in the national road network through the
process of road conversion as well as the integration of newly-improved gap sections and
completed Y-length. Table K shows the growth rate of paved roads in the Philippine national
road network from 2009-2019.

Given that the Department is close to achieving its target of 100 percent paved national road,
at its present rate of 97.18% paved road, it is expected that the growth rate would rise
gradually in the succeeding years.
21
Also, in line with the current administration’s mantra to “Build, Build, Build”, the Philippine
government intends to spend around ₱8-9 trillion in infrastructure projects to usher in a
golden age of infrastructure in the Philippines. Government spending on public infrastructure
will be increased from 5.4% of GDP in 2017 to around 7.3% of GDP by 2022. Its infrastructure
plan, which is consistent with the Master Plan on Asean Connectivity, will help facilitate
connectivity of capital, goods, and people; contribute towards increasing trade; and provide
greater access to different markets. Thus, such move shall significantly affect the Philippine
national road network.

FIGURE I
Figure I shows a noticeable increase in paved roads and decrease in unpaved roads in the
country. The line graph shows the yearly increase of paved road and the yearly decrease of
unpaved roads from 2009 to 2019. For the past eleven (11) years, there has been an increase
of 9,618.41 km of paved roads in the Philippines and consequently, a decrease by 6,498.25
km of unpaved roads. For the year 2019, out of the 33,018.25 km of national roads, 97.18%
is paved and only 2.82% remains unpaved.

FIGURE J

22
Based on the total national road network as shown in Figure J, National Capital Region (NCR)
and Region IV-A have both reached the maximum target of 100% with an aggregate length
of 1,166.24 km and 2,542.45 km, respectively. Conversely, Region IX has the lowest
percentage of paved roads at 88.79% and with a total length of 1,466.46 km.

E. Road Condition

FIGURE K

The graph provides a comparison of the assessed road condition of the national road network
in 2018 with that of 2019. The Visual Road Condition (RoCond) survey is a yearly activity
wherein the condition of the road is being assessed manually. The gathered data is being
utilized as one of the components in running the HDM-4 analysis and for prioritization of
projects. Assessors must hike the stretch of roads in order to visualize all the defects and
come-up with an accurate assessment to ensure the sustainability and viability of the collected
data. The road condition is assessed as “Good”, “Fair”, “Poor” or “Bad”. Good and fair road
conditions are subjected to routine maintenance while poor conditions are due for
rehabilitation and those with bad conditions are recommended for total
reconstruction. However, there are some road sections that were not assessed as they are
either under construction, committed for construction and bridges and/or segments with
lengths below the 50-meter gauging length.

For the year 2019, record shows that out of the 33,018.25 km total length of national road,
44.33 % is in good condition, 33.37% in fair condition, 10.17% in poor condition, 4.72% in
bad condition while 7.41% of the total road network are yet to be assessed.

23
 FIGURE L

As shown in Figure K, for the year 2019, the percentage of good and fair condition at 45%
and 34% of paved roads are higher as compared to the percentage inclusive of unpaved roads
at 0.06% and 0.48%, respectively. Whereas, poor condition of the whole national road
network at 10.17% is higher than that of paved roads at 9.56%. While, the bad condition for
paved roads is 4.47% which is slightly lower than the whole network at 4.72%.

The following Visual Condition Index (VCI) value determines the condition of the segment
assessed:

TABLE K
VCI Range Values
ROAD CONDITION
CONDITION RATING
>70 - 100 Good
>40 - 70 Fair
>20 - 40 Poor
1 – 20 Bad

TABLE L
Road Condition with Recommended Treatment Measures
Road Condition Treatment Measures
Little or no maintenance required (routine
GOOD
maintenance)
Needs some partial/full depth repairs
FAIR
(preventive maintenance)
Needs extensive full depth repairs, some
POOR
full slab replacement/ Rehabilitation
Needs to rebuilt pavement (Total
BAD
Reconstruction)
24
F. International Roughness Index (IRI)

Roughness data is one of the key parameters for the operation of the Pavement Management
System (PMS) using the HDM-4 software. PMS is used for long-term, medium-term and annual
planning and programming purposes. Likewise, information on roughness is a vital data set
in reporting network performance under the Department’s Performance Governance System
(PGS), which is aligned with the administration’s initiative of coming up with strategic and
performance management tools that would allow government agencies to be assessed
objectively, in order to foster transparency and accountability in the different tiers of the
organization.

Reduced roughness is a key driver of economic benefit and therefore is crucial to the operation
of the PMS. In order to address this matter, a nationwide roughness survey of the paved road
network was outsourced.

Since initial inception in 2002, the gathering of the National Road Roughness Index (NRRI)
has been one of the key indicators used in the Pavement Management System (PMS) and
HDM-4 by the DPWH in identifying and quantifying key projects for programming. In
accomplishing the task, the Statistics Division has been leading the collection and
management of the Road Roughness Survey to be able to sustain and support the PMS of the
Department.

Aimed at sustaining the Roughness Data requirements for PMS and HDM-4, the NRRIP II (Re-
bidding) was procured through Consulting Services in 2016. The project was awarded to
RoadKorea Inc. in joint venture Cybersoft Integrated Geoinformatics Inc. (RKI jv CIGI). The
project, which started on 26 January 2017 was completed as scheduled on 25 September
2017. The project was expected to deliver 7,048,929 meters of Roughness Data along the
Nation’s Primary Road Network in Regions I, II, III, IV-A, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
CAR and NCR. However, actual accomplishments showed roughness data acceptance totaling
7,000.281 meters of IRI Data.

The Department, through the SD, PS has been manually conducting Road Condition
Assessment Survey annually in coordination with the District and Regional Engineering Offices
nationwide. Results generated from the said activity were used to support the requirements
for PMS and HDM-4 activities and processes. In 2017, initiatives to improve the system came
to order through semi-automation of portions of the said survey program. Hence, in line with
the said trusts, the outsourcing of the semi-automated Visual Road Condition Assessment
Program (VRCAP) went underway as a pilot project in 2017.

The program was procured through Bids and Awards Committee, Consulting Services.
RoadKorea Inc. in joint venture Cybersoft Integrated Geoinformatics Inc. was awarded, the
winning bidder from an initially failed procurement bid in 2016. The project which covers a
total of 14,112.511 km of Primary Roads Nationwide in Regions I, II, III, IV-A, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, CAR and NCR, has a project cost of 41,525,188.08. The program started
at 26 January 2017, however, the ten (10) month program duration which was expected to

25
end on 26 November was extended until 03 February 2018, due to unexpected turn of events
beyond the control of the project. This include, peace and order situations attributed to the
siege of Maute Groups in Marawi City in Region X (10 days), additional holidays declared
through Proclamation No. 50 (10.5 days), adjustment and transitory period on Quality
Assurance Checking of Statistics Division Staff (28 days), and others (6 days).

The Special Survey for the National Road Roughness Index is being gathered on a regular
basis to provide pertinent information to the PMS in the identification and prioritization of
future road projects of the department, hence the procurement of the National Road
Roughness Index Program Phase III (NRRIP III).

Awarded to RKI JV CIGI on 01 October, 2018, NRRIP III started the day after the issuance of
the Notice to Proceed on 21 November, 2018. The project continued to progress in early 2019
until its completion on September 21, 2019. The project required roughness data submission
totaling 12,382.813km of national road network which include 6,417.095km of all primary and
5,965.718km of selected secondary national road on cyclical frequency. In the completion of
the project, the Consultant provided a total of 12,425.909km of IRI Data to the Department.
This is 43.096km more than the contract requirement as previously identified.

Outlook for the 2019 International Road Roughness Index for the Philippine National Road
Network registered a Fair Roughness Index after generating an average of 4.68 in the rating
scale. Of the total 12.425.909km of roads surveyed for roughness index, 52% are Primary
Roads and 48% are Secondary Roads. Out of the total roads surveyed, 25% reached a “Good”
condition rating, while 31% of the road network registered a “Fair” condition and a “Poor”
road condition reflects on 31% of the road network. The rest 13% of the network recorded a
“Bad” road roughness condition.

TABLE M

26
 FIGURE M

Overall Condition Scores

Among the 25% that reached “Good” road roughness condition, Region XIII demonstrated the
best road by registering a 2.11 IRI rating score, followed by Region XII (2.12 IRI rating score),
and Region V (2.13 IRI rating score).

Likewise, among the 31% of the road network that reached “Fair” condition rating, Regions IV-
A, Region V, and Region I showed to be the fairest by generating condition scores of 3.70, 3.81
and 3.92, respectively.

On the other hand, CAR (6.04 IRI rating score), Region XII (5.98 IRI rating score) and Region
XIII (5.98 IRI rating score), reflected the top three (3) bottom scores among the 31% of the
road network that recorded the “Poor” road roughness condition.

Meanwhile, among the minor 13% of the road network that revealed a “Bad” road roughness
condition rating, Regions III (8.45 IRI rating score), NCR (8.35 IRI rating score) and Region IV-
A (8.34 IRI rating score) demonstrated to have the worst road condition and were mostly located
in Secondary Roads.

IRI Regional Average shows Region IV-A to have the best road roughness condition in the
network by attaining a regional average of 3.34, followed by Regions V and III, by registering
IRI scores of 3.39 and 3.63, respectively.

Procurement of the National Road Roughness Index Program Phase IV (NRRIP-IV).

Activities to sustain the HDM-4 requirements continues through the procurement of the NRRIP
IV which is programmed under GAA 2020, through an early procurement scheme to pro-actively
augment the ill-effects of the cash based program being implemented by the administrative
government. The Program’s Term of Reference (TOR) and Approved Budget of Contract (ABC)

27
 were approved on 14 October 2019 and 15 November 2019, respectively. Pre-Bid Conference
was the last activity to be conducted for the year for the Project.

G. Road Density

Road density pertains to the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the
country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways,
main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads. It is
considered as an appropriate index of human activity and land-use intensity. Thus, road
density is generally highly-correlated with amount of developed land surface.

A well-developed road transport sector, most especially in developing countries, is assumed

to fuel up the growth process through a variety of activities of the development endeavors of
a nation. Among these, creation of market access opportunities for agricultural products is
the most crucial.

Road transport facilities play a significant role in both the production and consumption
decisions of every household in their day-to-day activities. Besides, road transport facilities
are essential for expanding education, health service provision, trade furtherance – both within
the country and the export market, and better public as well as private service provisions,
including banking and insurance services, to the poor and marginalized rural dweller. Likewise,
roads serve as key infrastructural units, which provide linkages to other modes of
transportation like railways, shipping, and air network. Hence, it is imperative that we consider
all the factors necessary in coming up with the optimum plan to improve road infrastructure,
one of which is road density.

Table 11, as seen in page 87 provides a rundown of the road density of the country in the
regional and national level for the year 2010-2019. It encompasses the national primary,
secondary and tertiary roads; with the exclusion, however, of local roads, under the
jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

In terms of road density, for the current year, the National Capital Region (NCR) has 188.24
km of roads per square kilometer of land area whereas Western Visayas, the region with the
second highest road density, has only 23.91 kilometer per square kilometer. Cagayan Valley
has the lowest road density at 6.73 kilometers per square kilometer. Higher income local
government units are better able to provide the road network needed in the local areas.
Overall, the Philippines’ road density is 10.62 kilometers per square kilometers.

28