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    Cytoskeleton: What Is It? - Cell's Framework

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    bae joohyun
    The cytoskeleton is the cell's framework and is made of proteins. It has three main types: microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. Microtubules provide structural support and form cilia and flagella. Intermediate filaments maintain cell shape. Microfilaments are involved in cell movement. The cytoskeleton provides support, holds organelles in place, and enables cells to change shape.

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    Cytoskeleton: What Is It? - Cell's Framework

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    bae joohyun
    18 views48 pages
    The cytoskeleton is the cell's framework and is made of proteins. It has three main types: microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. Microtubules provide structural support and form cilia and flagella. Intermediate filaments maintain cell shape. Microfilaments are involved in cell movement. The cytoskeleton provides support, holds organelles in place, and enables cells to change shape.

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    Earth Science

    Original Title

    Central-Dogma-of-Life-1

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    The cytoskeleton is the cell's framework and is made of proteins. It has three main types: microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. Microtubules provide structural support and form cilia and flagella. Intermediate filaments maintain cell shape. Microfilaments are involved in cell movement. The cytoskeleton provides support, holds organelles in place, and enables cells to change shape.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views48 pages

    Cytoskeleton: What Is It? - Cell's Framework

    Uploaded by

    bae joohyun
    The cytoskeleton is the cell's framework and is made of proteins. It has three main types: microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. Microtubules provide structural support and form cilia and flagella. Intermediate filaments maintain cell shape. Microfilaments are involved in cell movement. The cytoskeleton provides support, holds organelles in place, and enables cells to change shape.

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    of 48

    Cytoskeleton

     What is it?
    - cell’s framework
    - made of proteins

     Functions:
    - provide support
    - hold organelles in place
    - enable cell to change
    shape
    Cytoskeleton

    Intermediate filaments Microfilaments Microtubules


    Types of Cytoskeleton
     Microtubules:
    - largest diameter
    - provide structural support
    - form cilia and flagella
     Intermediate filaments:
    - medium diameter
    - maintain cell shape
     Microfilaments:
    - smallest diameter
    - involved in cell movement
    Cytoskeleton
    Microfilament & Microtubule

    Nucleus Microfilament Microtubule


    Central
    Dogma of Life:
    DNA Expressing Itself

    UST Senior High School


    Earth and Life Science
    TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
    REMEMBER LAST TIME?!c
    NUCLEIC
    ACID

    CENTRAL
    DNA RNA DOGMA

    DNA
    TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION
    REPLICATION

    DNA  RNA 
    DNA  DNA
    RNA PROTEINS
    Whole Cell Activity

     A cell’s characteristics are determine


    by the type of proteins produced

     Proteins’ function is determined by


    genetics

     Information in DNA provides the cell


    with a code for its cellular processes
    It’s all in the DNA!

    GENES
    DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
    DNA
     Whatis it?
    - double helix in nucleus
    - composed of nucleotides
    - contains 5 carbon sugar
    (deoxyribose, nitrogen base,
    phosphate)
    DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
    RNA: ribonucleic acid
    Nitrogenous base pairs
    James Watson and Francis Crick

     Watson-Crick model

     “double helix”

    They did not discover


    DNA or even if DNA
    contained genetic
    information
    Friedrich Meischer

     studied white blood cells by


    collecting used bandages from
    hospitals

     used alcohol to dissolve lipids


    and enzymes that break down
    proteins then noticed a gray
    object left

    “nuclein”
    Rosalind Franklin

     first to confirm the helical


    structure of DNA

     X-ray diffraction

     not recognized for her work 

    died at the age


    of 37 due to
    ovarian cancer
    Central Dogma of Life
    Why PROTEINS??!

    Proteins are used for digestion,


    movement, respiration and practically
    everything else that you do!
    Central Dogma of Life
    “unzipping “building “initiating “glue-ing
    enzyme” enzyme” enzyme” enzyme”
    Helicase: unzipping enzyme
    DNA Polymerase: building enzyme
    Primase: initiating enzyme
    Okazaki Fragments – short synthesized DNA fragments on the
    lagging strand
    Ligase: glue-ing enzyme
    Central Dogma of Life
    Central Dogma of Life
    Central Dogma of Life
    Try to think of it
    as pizza-making!
    Transcription and Translation
    Transcription - synthesis of an RNA strand
    (messenger RNA/mRNA) from a DNA template
    Transcription
     What is it?
    - process by which DNA is “read”
    - occurs in the nucleus
    - produces mRNA (messenger RNA)
    - mRNA contains codons
    - codons: set of 3 nucleotide bases
    that code for a particular amino acid
    Codon - sequence of three DNA or RNA
    nucleotides that corresponds with a specific
    amino acid

    AUG (methionine)
    – start codon
    UGA, UAG & UAA
    – stop codon
    Genetic Code
    Translation - synthesis of proteins directed by
    mRNA template (mRNA to tRNA/transfer RNA)
    Translation

     What is it?
    - process by mRNA is converted into
    amino
    acids (polypeptides)
    - produces proteins
    - occurs in the cytoplasm
    - codons pair with anticodons
    - anticodons: 3 nucleotide bases carried
    by tRNA
    Central Dogma of Life
    That’s all!

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