Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Computer maintenance and networking

Maintenance tools

1. Blower: to remove dust particles

I. Hot air gun (brand Gordak 952, 1300-1500 birr): to off the button of this device we follow the
following steps: a) increase the air valve in order to cool the system. b) power Off the button
of the device then decreases the displayed and then off itself. C) Remove the socket.
II. Air blower (260 birr)
2. Soldering iron (200 birr, brand ሙቀት እሚጨምር እና እሚቀንስ)
3. Screw driver (200 birr brand name baku (36 types) used for both mobile and computer maintenance.
4. Sucker ( china 150): to suck the melted led.
5. Digital multimeter (200 birr)
6. Led ( 120 birr): electronics የሚያጣብቅ
7. Thinner (1 liter 65 birr): to remove dust. ውሃ ዉስጥ የገባ ስሌክ በ thinner እና blower ማጽዲት
8. Pest (50 or 25 birr)
9. Picker

Computer systems

Hard ware soft ware

Main part: Optional part: Operating system: Application

user and hard ware soft ware
1. Display unit e.g Speaker የሚያግባባ system
1.1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) የዴሮ
ዯስክቶፖች 1. Work station e.g. VLC, power
1.2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):- e.g XP, w 7 and geez
one dimensional በአንዴ አቅጣጫ W8
ብቻ የሚታይ 2. server (for networking)
1.3. LED (Light Emitted Diode):-
three dimensional
2. System unit:-
2.1. Desktop (አንዴ HDD ብቻ
የሚወስዴ)
2.2. Mini tower ከሁሇት በሊይ HDD
2.3. Full tower የሚይዙ
3. Key board PS2 (6 pin)
USB
System unit(6 pin)
4. Mouse PS2
USB

A. Internal part
1. Power supply:
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 used to covert AC (fluctuate power) to DC (constant)

 used to give power for all components
 all electronics uses DC

2. Mother board:-
 Used to connect or collect all components in computer system.

3. Central Process Unit (CPU): Used to perform everything task. brain of computer
3.1 CPU fan: - used to protect components temperature from CPU.
3.2 CPU heat sink: - used to protect temperature from CPU.
3.3 CPU pest (thermal compound): - protect temperature from CPU during hot condition.
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

CPU Heat sink

North Bridge with heat

sink
4. RAM (Random Access Memory):- without RAM no display.
 Temporary working area.
 Temporary store data until power off
 If power is off during performing task the data is loss to avoid this problem save the
task.
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5. HDD (hard dis drive):- used to store permanent data.

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6. Optical disk drive or CD drive (ODD):- used to input or output data from CD to PC or PC to
DC.
Data cable: used to connect mother board with HDD and CDD…..

7. Cable 1. SATA (6 pin) (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

2. IDE (40 and 34 pin)

Power cable: used to give power for components.

IDE

8. Chipset
8.1 North Bridge: used to control the data flow between RAM, AGP and CPU. (ፔስት አሇዉ).
CPU, AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port: increases picture quality) and RAM እንዱሰራ የሚያዯርግ.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

8.2 . South bridge: - used to control PCI, USB, legacy, BIOS, ISA (PCI slot (በዴሮ) and IDE.
USB
PCI South bridge Legacy

IDE

BIOS ISA

8.3. ROM (Read only Memory):- used to store program

 BIOS(ትክክሇኛ specification የሚነግረን) የሚጫንበት ቦታ

 No display without BIOS.
 Have 7*9 leg or 4*4 leg

4 4

7 7

8.4. Sound Ic (integrated circuit):- located near (around) audio, speaker and headset connectors.

OR
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Sound
IC

8.5. Supper chipset (input/output):- እምትረሳ እና Save የምታዯርግ.

ቡዙ እግር ያሊት
smsc
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Super chipset

11
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Power supply connector

(24 pin)

Supper
chipset

ROM (7*9
or 4*4)
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8.6. Display IC:- (የዴሮ cmputer ከአንዴ በሊይ display IC አሊቸው:: latest computer contains only one display IC.

ወዯ ጎን በዛ ያሇ እግር ያሇው እና ረዥም ነው

Display IC

9. on mother board HDD and ODD connector

9.1. IDE……………. 40 pin

9.2. SATA……………. 7 pin

10. On mother board floppy disk drive (FDD) connector:-

IDE----------------- 34 pin

11. On mother board power supply connector:-

11.1. 12 pin----------------- mother board contains one from these options

11.2. 20 pin -------------

11.3. 24 pin -------------

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

12. AGP (accelerated graphic port):-

 Desktop -----AGP ማስገባት ይቻሊሌ

 Laptop ግን ከ mother board integrated ሁኖ የሚመጣ ነው ማስገባት አይቻሌም

AGP

13. PCI (Peripheral Component Integrated) (150 birr)

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14. CPU auxiliary:- ሇ CPU power መስጫ ቦታ ነው

15. CMOS battery (3volt):-

 used to control date and time

 save ሳናዯርግ power ቢጠፋ እና ወዴያውኑ power ቢመጣ እየሰራነው የነበረ ሳይጠፋ እንዴናገኘው ይረዲናሌ እንዯ ዚ
እሚሆነው ግን 3 volt እስክያሌቅ ዴረስ ነው

16. Post speaker (beep sound):- system sound የሚያሰማን

 Used to control beep sound when problem occurs.

 Located May or may not near to CMOS battery.
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Post speaker (beep sound)

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CPU RAM
North Bridge Power supply
connector

AGP IDE

Post speaker
(beep sound)

CPU auxillary

Front side cable

connector
Display IC

SATA
connector

South bridge

PCI slot
Sound IC CMOS battery

B. External part
1. Video graphic adapter (VGA):

--------------- 1st raw have 5 pins.

VGA port ---------------2nd raw have 5 pins.

----------------3rd raw have 5 pins.

2. Printer port:-
1st row have 13 pins 25 pins. These for old computers
nd
2 row have 12 pins
 For latest computers this port was changed to USB cables.

3. Network Interface Card (NIC):- commonly known as RJ45

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Used to connect the internet cable.

4. PS2 mouse: have 6 pins. These are for old computers in latest computer is USB.
5. PS2 keyboard: have 6 pins.
 Integrated with motherboard.
6. Line in:- symbolized by

7. Line out:- symbolized by

8. Microphone (mic) in: symbolized

9. USB (Universal Series Bus)

Printer port
NIC (RJ 45)

PS2
mouse

Line in
USB
Line out
PS2 keyboard
Microphone in

For game
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BASIC ELECTRONICS
Knowing of electronics in maintenance is very important because electronics are used to:

 Maintain power supply unit of the computer

 Maintain motherboard of the computer

There are three basic parameters of electricity:

1. Voltage
2. Current
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

3. Resistance

1.Voltage :- the amount of electrostatic potential b/n two points.

Types of voltage

AC (alternative) DC (direct)

 Fluctuate power through time constant (non-fluctuate) value

 Obtain from : obtain from :

I) EEPCO (main source) I) laptop charger
II) Generator II) power supply unit (PSU)
III) Solar III) battery
 Have two voltage standards
American standard (110—115 volt)

Europe or Africa standard (220 _240v)

2. Current: - the rate at which charge is flowing.
3. Resistance:-the materials tendency to resist the flow of charge (current).
V= I*R ohms law
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To measure
resistance value
of resistor

Continuity:- To measure
DC voltage
To measure
open or short
circuite

To measure
AC voltage

To measure
capacitance value
of capacitors To measure
AC current

Positive

Negative
To measure
DC current

For voltage and resistance

measurement
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

……...

Ω:- To measure To measure DC

voltage (200mv, 2v,
resistance value of
2oov 1000v
resistor

To measure AC
Continuity voltage
Pointer
To measure
open or short
circuit

To measure AC
F current

To measure
capacitance
value of ……
capacitors

To measure DC current

10 A mA COM
VΩ

To measure AC voltage:

 Make sure the socket or adapter is in the “off”postion.

 Identify the voltage standard of the material that we measure either 110—115 v or 220—240 v or
110—240 v. if the voltage standard is 110—115v we use step down equipment like
stabilizer(reduces the volt 220 v to 110 v)
 Put the pointer of multimeter on the greatest number on AC voltage position in the
multimeter(V )
 Insert the power cable of the material that we went to measure to the socket or adapter.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Attach the positive and negative to the material that we went to measure
 “On” the power of the adapter and then read.

To measure DC voltage:-

 Make sure the socket or adapter is in the “off”postion.

 Identify the voltage standard in DC of the material that we measure e.g laptop charger is 19 v in DC
 Put the pointer of multimeter on the greatest number on DC voltage position in the
multimeter( )
 Insert the power cable of the material that we went to measure to the socket or adapter.
 Attach the positive and negative to the material that we went to measure
 “On” the power of the adapter and then read.

To check the multimeter either functional or not:-

 Set the pointer on the continuity position.

 Short the positive and negative end bars then if the multimeter gives sound it is safe.

To identify the phase and neutral line

 Put the pointer on the AC or DC voltage greater number

 Measure the material (laptop charger) that we went using positive bar or negative bar then the
larger (greatest value) displayed is the phase line.

Power supply (PSU)

Power supply unit ሃይሌ (power) መዴረሱ እና አሇመዴረሱ ሇማረጋገጥ

To check power of PSU:

1. Check the voltage standard of PSU

2. Short the green color and black color (ground) cables of the PSU. (አረንጓዳ ገመዴ እና ጥቁር ገመዴ
በሃይሌ አስተሊሊፊ ሹቦ (e.g led) ማገናኘት).
Black color
Green
color

Shorting system
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Assume this line is

green color of PSU

Voltage standard board

Shorting system

Black color

3. Connect power cable of PSU to the adapter.

4. “on” the power of the adapter. Then if the fun is run power is reached to the PSU. If the fun
does not run power is not reached to the PSU so it needs further inside maintenance.

Electronic components
Electronic components are divided in to two

1. Active components:-
 They can change one form of energy in to other form of energy. E.g AC energy to DC
energy and electrical energy to light energy etc. (ሇምሳላ የሞባይሌ ቻርጀር ብንወስዴ ቻርጀሩ ወዯ
ሶኬት ሰክተን ሞባይሊችን ቻርጅ ስናዯርግ light ያሳያናሌ ይህ ማሇት ዯግሞ electrical energy to light enery
ተቀይረዋሌ ማሇት ነው:: ይህ energy እንዱቀየር የሚያዯርጉ electronic component active component ብሇን
እንጠራቸዋሇን::)
 There are two active components. These are given below
A) Diode:- represented by D or

D
Diode in power supply unit represented by these pictures and by letter D and
follows a number (these number indicates how much diode components are
present)e.g D 54
B) Transistor:- represented by Q
2. Passive components:- they cannot change one form of energy into other form of energy but
 It filters
 Step up
 Step down

Voltage standard of america is 110v-115v and african voltage standard is 220v-240. ሇምሳላ ከአሜሪካ የሚመጣ እቃ (110-
115v) በኛ አገር standard (220-240) ቻርጅ ብናዯርገው ወዴያውኑ ይፈነዲሌ ምክንያቱም ያን እቃ የተሰራ በ110-115v ቻርጅ እንዱዯረግ
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

ነው ነገር ግን እኛ እምንሰጠው over voltage ነው:: ነገር ግን ይህ over voltage step down ማዴረግ ይቻሊሌ:: step down
የሚያዯርጉሌን electronic component passive component እንሊቸዋሇን::

 There are four passive components. These are:-

1. Resistor:- represented by

2. Capacitor:- represented by

3. Inductor :- represented by

4. Transformer: - represented by

Resistor ( ):-
Primary part: power የሚገባበት part
Power supply unit

Secondary part:- power የሚወጣበት

Types of resistor:-
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. Voltage dependent resistor (VDR):-

Represented on board by

 FUNCTION of VDR is to protect high voltage.

 Testing of VDR
 Put meter on continuity position
Continuity position

Open (1) Reading value (200-900) Beep sound (short)

The above diagram indicates

 If the continuity displays open i.e 1 VDR is in the safe position.

 If the continuity displays reading value (200-900) VDR have a problem.
 If the continuity displays beep sound (short) VDR have a problem.

VDR located in the primary part of power supply unit.

Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC):-
2. Thermistor resistor:-
found in latest computers

Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC):- in CRT

NTC (negative temperature coefficient)

 Represented or symbolized in board by

 Function of NTC:- to protect high temperature

 Located in the primary part of PSU.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Testing of NTC:- meter on continuity position

Open (1) Beep sound Reading

The above diagram indicates

 If the meter displays 1 (open) NTC have a problem.

 If the meter displays beep sound, NTC is in a good condition.
 If the meter displays reading NTC have a problem.
3. Fuse(8A, 3A, 1.5A, 5A and have a constant voltage 250v)
 Represented by

 To protect over current

 Testing of fuse
Continuity position beep sound indicates the fuse is normal.
4. Color code resistor
 There are two types of color code resistors.

A). four band color code resistor

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

B). five band color code resistor

Resistor color code

Color Value Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 100 
Brown 1 101 1%
Red 2 102 2%
Orange 3 103 
yellow 4 104 
Green 5 105 0.5%
Blue 6 106 0.25%
Violet 7 107 0.1%
Gray 8 108 0.05%
White 9 109 
Gold  0.1 5%
Silver  0.01 10%
None   20%
To measure resistance of color cod resistors it needs calculation based on the above tables given value.
The calculation is given below:-

e.g1. from the given color code resistor diagram below check or measure its functional or not?

Solution:

Resistance the color code resistors calculation is: 1. value multiplier = Y

2. Y tolerance = X

3. Y X

Resistance for the above color code diagram is:

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

R R R G

2 2 10 2 5% all are from table

Multiplier Tolerance
Value

So 1) Value multiplier = 22 102 = 2200

2) 2200 tolerance= 2200 ⁄ = 110

3) 2200 110 = 2200 110 = 2310 if the reading value of the meter is b/n these

= 2200 110 = 2090 value the color code resistor is normal.

Testing of color code resistor

 Calculation of the color code resistors

 Meter on Ω (resistance unit ohm) position greater number
 Measure or check. if the meter display is in the range of calculated value the resistor is
normal if not in the range of calculated value there is a problem.

On meter Ω represented by 2k means 2000 Ω

20k --------20000 Ω

200k------200000 Ω

2m------2000000 Ω

e.g 2. Color code with five bands.

Solution: 1) 523 104 = 5230000

2) 5230000 ⁄ = 523000

3) 5230000 523000 = 5230000 523000= 5753000 the reading or display value must

= 5230000 523000= 4707000 be b/n these values.

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To check this color code resistor

 The range calculated value is 5753000-4707000

 Set the meter on 200M of Ω position
 Observe the display. If the display is b/n this range it is normal.

N.B. gold, silver and none on the tolerance position.

Fusible resistor
In color code resistors በtolerance የሚውለ ከሇሮች (color) ማሇት gold, silver and none በmultiplier የሚቀመጡ ከሆኑ
fusible resistor እንሇዋሇን. Fusible resistors it does not need calculation.

Testing of fusible resistors

 Meter on continuity position reading up to 50 (meter display up to 50)

Surface mounted resistors

 Located on motherboard
 Testing method: continuity beep sound if the resistors is normal

Capacitor ( )
For polarized capacitor
None polarized capacitors

There are two types of capacitors:

1. Polarized capacitors:
 Contains positive and negative
 They are electrolytic capacitor
 Have cylindrical shape
 Stores ⁄ voltage. i.e if 240 volts are coming from the source, ⁄ of 240volt (160v)
was stored in polarized capacitor.
 Represented by
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. None polarized capacitors:

 Ceramic
 Mica
 Dic type (looks like ምስር)
 Represented by

To discharge the polarized capacitor (electrolytic) during maintenance use ampol (አምፖሌ).

አምፖሌ

During discharging the stored voltage in the polarized capacitor transferred to the አምፖሌ (lamp).

Function of capacitors
1. AC filter:
 to pass or filter AC and retard DC
 Filtering method takes place by none polarize capacitor together with inductor.
2. DC filter: electrolytic capacitor together with inductor.

Testing method of capacitor

1. Voltage test using DC:

 Connect the power cable to the PSU and to the socket
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Put pointer on DC greater number 200 (i.e capacitor stored 2/3 of the input i.e 160v)
 Power on and after several seconds off the power.
 Short positive of meter with positive of the capacitor and negative with negative of the
capacitor. (In chemistry “like dissolve like”).
 the meter display a number that is stored in the capacitor then decreases the number up to
zero the power is transferred to the meter battery.(ሜትሩ store ያዯረገውን power ማንበብ ይጀምርና
ከዛ እየቀነሰ ይሄዴና እስከ zero ይዯርሳሌ power ወዯ ሜትር ይሄዲሌ:: in other word capacitor እዛ እያሇን dicharge
እያዯረግን ነው::)

NB. Don’t touch the capacitor by your hand or other materials that transferred electricity because
it stored voltage.

2. Continuity:

Continuity

Open (1) Reading Beep sound

3. Visual inspection (capacitor በምናይበት ሰዓት ብሌሽት ካሇው ያብጣሌ)

NB: when we check the electrolytic we should have to connect positive side of the meter with the positive
side of the electrolytic capacitor and negative of the meter with negative of the electrolytic capacitor. But
for none polarize capacitor no problem.
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Ceramic
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Electrolytic capacitor

Negative
part
None polarize capacitor
(ceramic)

None polarize
capacitor (mica)

Transformer Transistor
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Inductor ( )
1. A wound of coil

Function of inductor
1. AC filter:- filter AC together with none polarize capacitor.
2. DC filter:- filter DC together with polarize (electrolytic capacitor).

Testing method of inductors

1. Visual inspection:- inductor ስበሊሽ ይጠቁራሌ ወይም ሽቦው ይበታተናሌ::

2. Meter Continuity
 For two legs:- it must give beep sound if the conductor is normal.
 For four legs:-

1 3 when we check four leg of inductor, leg 1and leg 2, leg3 and

2 4 leg 4 must give open (1) and leg 1 and 3, leg 2 and 4 must give

Beep sound.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Must give (display) beep sound

Must give (display)

open (1)

Must give (display)

open(1)

Must give (display) beep

sound

Four leg inductor

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Two leg inductor

Beep sound

Transformer
 Represented by

Primary part Secondary part

 Separates primary and secondary part of the power supply unit.

Function of transformer

 To step up and step down voltage.

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Testing method of transformer

 Meter continuity :
1. The same direction (primary part to primary part and secondary part to secondary part must give
(display) beep sound
2. Opposite direction (primary part to secondary part or secondary to primary part) must give
(display) open (1)

Transformer
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Gives beep sound

Must gives (display)

open (1)

Gives (display) open (1)

Displays (must gives) beep sound

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Protection AC filter rectification(conversion of AC to DC) DC filter switching

transformer rectification DC filter regulation feed back

DIODE

 Represented by

Types of diode
Found in latest computers
1. Power diode (bridge IC) ( )
 Looks on mother board by White
Black

DC output line

DC output line
Found In old computers AC output lines

For latest computers

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Power diode old version

(old computers) but its
arrangement is not true
please see the true
arrangement below

This is the arrangement of power diode that is the old version.

AC inputs
DC output

Function of power diode:- for rectification(to convert AC to DC)

2. Ziner diode ( ): located in secondary part most and primary part rare.
 Looks like in the board
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Function of ziner diode:- to regulate voltage

3. Light emitting diode (LED):

Function of LED:- to convert electrical energy in to light energy.

NB ሞባይሌ ወይም ሊፕቶፕ ቻርጅ ስናዯርግ የሚያሳየን መብራት LED ነው::

Testing of diodes
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Diodes are can be test by two methods:-

1. Meter on continuity
A) Forward biasing

Meter displays 200-900

reading if the diode is
normal

B). reverse biasing:

Meter displays open (1) if

the diode is normal

For power diode testing is carried out in the DC output lines using reverse biasing (displays
open (1)) and forward biasing (displays 200-900 reading).

Displays open (1) or reading 200-900

Testing of continuity the old version power diode is:-

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Forward
biasing Reverse biasing

It gives It gives or
reading displays open(1)
from 200-
900

2. Voltage test: this method is used to test the AC input of the power diode. To test power diode we
follow the following steps:-
2.1. Checking of standard voltage
2.2. Short the green cable and black cables
2.3. connect power cable of the PSU
2.4. touch or short the probes (የሜትር ገመድች) to the power diode AC input
2.5. Connect power to the socket and “on” the power.
2.6. reading displays 215-240v
N.B considered your safety during this test because it is AC voltage (220-240v).
የፓወር ዲዮዴ ኃይሌ መግብያ (AC input) የምንሇካበት መንገዴ voltage test እንሇዋሇን:: voltage test በምንሇካበት ጊዜ
እምንከተሊቸው ቅዯምትክተሌ:-
1. የPSU የኃይሌ ማስተሊሇፍያ ገመዴ (power cable) ወዯ PSU መሰካት
2. አረንጓ ገመዴ እና ጥቁር ገመዴ ማገናኘት (short ማዴረግ)
3. የሜትር ገመድች ከpower diode የኃይሌ መግብያ ጫፍ ማገናኘት
4. Power cable ወዯ socket መሰካት
5. Power on ማዴረግ
6. ሜትር ማንበብ diode ጤነኛ ከሆነ 220-240v ያነባሌ

Diode test አዴረግን ከጨረስን በኃሊ capacitor discharge ሳናዯርግ PSU መንካት የሇብንም:: ግዳታ discharge ማዴረግ
አሇብን::

በዚህ test method በጣም ጥንቃቄ ያስፈሌጋሌ::

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

AC input lines

Display 220-240v

Voltage test of the old version power diode is:-

The procedures are the same with above

AC input
lines

Display 220-240

Transistor (Q)
Two types of transistor

Field effect transistor (FET)

Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

BJT FET

Function of transistors 1 1 1 1

1. Switching :- to convert DC to AC by pulse method. 0 0 0 0

2. Feed back system

Testing of transistor
Meter continuity:- at least two reading and one open(1)

AB = 200-900 e.g 400 for normal transistors

AC = 200-900 e.g 450

BC= open (1)

A = base

B = collector ----------input -----------(display low value in the meter)

C = emitter -----------output--------(display high value in the meter)

The power supply

External part of power supply

 Power on/off switch

 Value changer
 Different connectors
 Molex:- power connector for HDD and ODD
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Mini molex:- power connector for FDD

 CPU auxiliary:- power connector for CPU
 SATA:- power connector for HDD and ODD
 Power connector (p1):- for motherboard

Power connector (p1)

 Have 24 or 20 pins.

24
pin

Output voltage in DC

1. Yellow ---------12v
2. Orange --------3.3v
3. Red -------------5v
4. Gray -----------5v
5. Purple---------5v
6. Blue ------------12v

Green for short of power supply unit

Black

Gray power good signal. (test ስናዯርግ 5V ከሰጠ ሁለም ገመድች ይሰራለ ማሇት ነው)

Purple stand by (5V)

Tolerance = output of the color cable ⁄

e.g lets take yellow cable

tolerance = 12V*5/100= 0.6------------12 0.6= 11.4 – 12.6 v

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

this indicates that when we test yellow color cable meter displays in the interval of 11.4-12.6 if the cable is
safe.

Power supply (PSU)

Power supply unit ሃይሌ (power) መዴረሱ እና አሇመዴረሱ ሇማረጋገጥ

To check power of PSU:

1. Check the voltage standard of PSU

2. Short the green color and black color (ground) cables of the PSU. (አረንጓዳ ገመዴ እና ጥቁር ገመዴ
በሃይሌ አስተሊሊፊ ሹቦ (e.g led) ማገናኘት).
Black color
Green
color

Shorting system

Assume this line is

green color of PSU

Voltage standard board

Shorting system

Black color

3. Connect power cable of PSU to the adapter.

4. “on” the power of the adapter. Then if the fun is run power is reached to the PSU. If the fun
does not run power is not reached to the PSU so it needs further inside maintenance.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To test the output of power cables colors we follow the following steps:-

1. Checking Standard DC voltage the outputs (the greater DC of color output is 12V (yellow and blue)
in DC)
2. Put the pointer on the DC voltage greater number (20)
3. Short the green and black
4. Connect the power cable of the PSU
5. Put black (negative) probe (ገመዴ) of meter on the black and then test by second probe(positive)
(ገመዴ) for all the remain colors it gives the standard DC volt value (see above color output
standard)

To test the purple color cable:-

1. Remove the short or short the cables

2. Repeat the same procedures of the other output cables test
3. Put black (negative) probe on the black and the second probe (positive) on purple color cables.

Internal part of PSU

1. Primary part of PSU

Fuse
1.1) protection
VDR

NTC

1.2) AC filter (using inductor and nonpolar capacitor)

1.3) rectification (used to convert AC to DC)

1.4) DC filter (using inductor and electrolytic capacitor)

1.5) switching

2. Secondary part of PSU

2.1) Transformer

2.2) Rectification

2.3) DC filter

2.4) regulate
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2.5) Feedback (transistors and optoisolator)

Opto isolator

(opto osicilator)

Power supply unit failerity

There are three types of failerity in power supply unit.

1. Dead:- For this problem we use the short principle.

Short green color cable + black color cable it gives two result funs rotate and do
not rotate.
If the fun rotates next we check the gray color cable output if it gives 5V all the output color
cables are functional.
If fun does not rotate we check the following parametrs:-
1) Test the continuity of the power cable that attached to the PSU
board.
2) Test or check voltage of power diode: this indicates that if the meter
displays 220-240V there is no problem on the protection and AC
filter components. If power does not reached to the power diode we
must test or check the component in the protection (fuse, VDR, NTC)
AC filters components (nonpolarize and inductors). አንዴ computer
fuse ግዳታ ይነረዋሌ VDR and NTC ግን ሉኖረው ሊይኖረው ይችሊሌ::
3) Test protection areas
Fuse 85 % ብሌሽት የሚያጋጥምበት ቦታ ነው
VDR
NTC
4) AC filter (nonpolarize and inductors)
5) DC filter (electrolytic and inductors)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

6) Switching (transistor)

When we change the capacitor it will be replace with the same farad and voltage that is written in the
capacitor.

When we change the transistor we should have seen the number on the resistor that will be change.

Fuse: - we observe the current and the voltage i.e replace the same number when we change.

2. Restart: - ኮምፒተራች እየተጠቀምን እያሇን ዝም ብል restart ስያዯርግ የምናየው ችግር ነው:: ይሄን የሚያሳየን ዯግሞ ብጫ
(yellow) ገመዲችን out put value አነስተኛ መሆኑ ያሳያሌ:: to solve this problem we test the yellow color cable
if it is below the value we change the yellow cable.

Yellow wire must be in interval of 11.4-12.6

12*5/100 = 0.6

12 0.6 = 11.4-12.6

3. Orange color power on/off ( power ማብሪያ ወይም power on እምናዯርግበት orange color ይሰጣሌ::
 Power supply unit less wattage
 CPU auxiliary (check ማዴረግ ያስፈሌጋሌ) CPU auxiliary check አዴርገን ካሌተስተካከሇ power supply unit
መጠገን አይቻሌም

e.g we check one PSU in satcom technology

 First we check the fun using green and black short system but the fun not rotate
 We check the output cables again the result is not true
 We check the continuity power cables attached to the PSU board it is safe
 We check the voltage of diode the result not true this indicates there is a problem in the
protection components or AC filter
 Then we start to test the protection components one by one.
 We start with fuse during testing we have been check it is not functional
 We make jumper then it rotates the fun. We conclude the problem is on the fuse. We replace with
the same current and voltage (based on the specification of the damaged fuse). ፊውዙ ጃምፕ ካዯረግን
በኋሊ ከፈነዲ ላሊ ቦታ short እንዲሇ ይነግረናሌ ማሇት ነው ምክንያቱም short ካሇ power እሚቀበሇው ስሇማይሮር ይፈነዲሌ
ስሇዚ በዚ ሰአት test ማዴረጋችን እንቀጥሊሇን:: jump ስናዯርግ ሲፈነዲ እንዲንዯነግጥ በአምፖሌ jump ማዴረግ እንችሊሇን
short ካሇ አምፖለ ይበራሌ::
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Testing method of schorty diode

Reading 200-900 (forward Display Open (1)

biasing) (reverse biasing)

Motherboard (MB)
Types of motherboard
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

There are three types of motherboard.

1. Advanced technology (AT):- has only a keyboard connector on the external part.
2. Advanced technology extended (ATX):- have no SATA
3. Balanced technology extended (BTX):- MB that has a SATA

የBlower አጠቃቀም
To remove (sound IC, display IC, ROM, super chipset etc….) follow the following steps.

1. On the blower button

2. Open air on 6 most of the time. If the IC that we remove from MB is small the air must be decrease.
3. On the temperature up to 350.
4. Give heat to the IC that we will remove.
5. Put pest to the IC
6. Pick the IC using picker.

To put the IC to the specific position

1. Clean the place using thinner.

2. Put the IC on the place.
3. On the temperature and air button (small air a high temperature )
4. Heat the IC.

Troubleshooting motherboard
Mother board failerity

1. Sound:-
 Causes: i) drive (sound drive): ኮምፒተሩ drive ካሌተጫነበት
ii) Internal speaker: internal speaker of the computer ከተበሊሸ
iii) Sound IC ከተበሊሸ
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Solution: i) Right click on my computer

Types of driver

1. Drive pack (latest)

Select manage
To check 2. Cobra (old
version)
the
compute Select device manager
r either
have a
drive or እነዚህ ሁሇት ምሌክቶች
not (qustion mark and triangle
Sound controller in yellow color) ካገኘን
ኮምፒተራች drive
Audio controller አሌተጫነበትም:: ስሇዚ የዴምፁ
ችግር ሇመቅረፍ drive መጫን
Audio definition controller
ነው

ii) Check by head phone and external speaker.

iii) Re-hot and replace sound IC

2. Dead
 Cause :- 1) power supply unit
2) P1 connector
3) Power on/off cable
4) CPU
5) Jumper
 Solution: 1) maintain PSU (using short green and black cables and other methods)
2) Clean by thinner: P1 connector ዉስጡ pin ስሊሇው ስሇ እሚቆሽሽ በ thinner ማፅዲት
3) Check power on/off cable: ኬብለ መግጠሙ አሇመግጠሙ ማረጋገጥ
4) Check by replacement: check by replacing CPU
5) Remove jumper (NB. በ motherboard back (ጀርባ) በመበየዴ jump ሉዯረግ ዪችሊሌ እና
motherboard ጀርባ ማየት ያስፈሌጋሌ)
To reset or create a system password:
 Remove power cable of the system unit.
 Short (jumper) the two metals bar (see below fig.)
 Connect power cable of the system unit.
 Long press F2 BIOS security system password create or set the password
then the computer ask a system password to open.

To remove the system password

 Off or remove the power cable of the system unit

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Remove the jumper (short)

 Connect and on the power cable of system unit.
 It gives a notification i.e the password is disabled when the power on or the computer starts.

To create or set password of the

computer system
Jumper
system

To remove the system password

To dead the system

3. No display
 Cause: 1. RAM bank
2. RAM
3. Monitor
4. VGA port
5. Display IC
 Solution: 1. Wash by thinner: wash or clean RAM bank using thinner
2. Check RAM: checking of RAM either connected properly or not.
3. Maintain monitor or check by replacement.
4. Check cable or use by expansion or AGP card

4. Restart
 Cause: 1. BIOS setting

2. Cooling system

 Solution:
1. Restart PC press F2 (BIOS) drives SATA operation

Select Raid on ATA (for window XP and below) and

Select Raid on AHCI (for window 7 and above)

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Restart PC

Press F2 (BIOS)

Select drives

Select SATA operation

 Select Raid on ATA (for window XP and below)

 Select Raid on AHCI (for window 7 and above)

2. Repair cooling system

Like: 1. Fun: fun መስራቱ checkማዴረግ
2. Pest: pest ማሇቁን አሇማሇቁን check ማዴረግ
3. Heat sink: ሞመቁን አሇመሞቁን chek ማዴረግ

5. No bootable device:

Cause: 1. BIOS setting

2. HDD

3. Software

4. Cable

5. on motherboard connector SATA

Solution: 1.

2.
We will see on
3. storage devices

4.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

5. Replace

6. Orange color power on/off switch

 Cause: 1. CPU auxiliary

2. On motherboard CPU pin ከተጣመመ

3. CPU ብሌሽት ካሇ

4. Capacitor ከተበሊሸ specially around CPU area.

 Solution: 1. CPU auxiliary check ማዴረግ

2. Check the CPU pins
3. Check CPU
4. Test capacitors

Microprocessor (CPU)
 Is the brain of computer.
 CPU has three components.
1. CU (Control Unit): ሙለ የcomputer system manage የምናዴርግበት part ነው::
2. ALC (Arthimetic and Logic Unit): calculation ነገሮች የሚሰራሌን part ነው::
3. MU (Memory Unit) (catch memory): የምንሰራው ስራ ሇተወሰነ ጊዜ save የምታዯርግሌን part
ነው::

CU (control unit)

ALU (arthemetic and

logic unit)

MU (memory unit)

Catch memory
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 Manufacturer of CPU

Intel AMD

1. Low level:
 Pentium I
 Pentium II
 Pentium III these are single core
 Pentium IV single core means 32 bit operating system ብቻ የሚጭን ነው
2. Midlevel:
 Atom
 Athlon
 Centrino
 Celron at this moment dual core ሁኖው መምጣት ጀመረዋሌ

3. High level:
 Core 2 duo
 Core i3 these are dual core
 Core i5
 Core i7 dual core means 64 and 32 bit operating system የሚጭን ማሇት ነው
 Core i9

Single core means 32 bit operating system ብቻ የሚጭን ነው

Dual core means 64 and 32 bit operating system የሚጭን ማሇት ነው
How to know correct specification of CPU?
1. Back of CPU: በ CPU ጀርባ የተጻፋ specification በማየት
2. BIOS setting
3. CPU-Z : mini XP CD (20 birr)
4. Start run DXDIag then displays the CPU specification for XP window only
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. Back of CPU

2. BIOS setting:
Press F2 BIOS setting process information

3. CPU-Z: mimi XP CD. CD computer ውስጥ በማስገባት CPU specification እምናይበት መንገዴ ነው::
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Insert CPU-Z CD open my computer Hiren’s boot CD program

Then displays the CPU specification CPU-Z System info

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Types of CPU

1. Built in CPU: this CPU is integrated with motherboard. Fail ካዯረገ መቀየር አይቻሌም::
ይህ አይነት CPU LAPTOP ሊይ ነው እምናገኘው
2. Pin less CPU: pins from motherboard. ይህ አይነት CPU ፒኖቹ motherboard ሊይ ነው እምናገኛቸው
3. Socket CPU: like RAM and PCI እሚሰካ ነው:: አሁን ሊይ ብዙም አይገኚም
4. Pin CPU (with pin CPU): pin from CPU. ፒኖቹ CPU ሊይ ነው እምናገኛቸው

Installing the CPU

 Back CPU በምናይበት ሰአት በሶስቱ corner ሶስት DOT እና በአንዴ corner triangle እናገገኛሇን mother board ሊይም
triangle እናገኛሇን:: Install በምናዯርግበት ጊዜ የCPU triangle corner ከ motherboard triangle corner ማገናኘት
ይኖርብናሌ:: polarity ከቀያየርን ግን CPU አይሰራሌንም በተጨማሪ ፒኖቹ ይጣመማለ:: CPU pin ተጣመመ ማሇት CPU
ከጥቅም ውጪ ይሆናሌ ማሇት ነው::

NB. CPU በምናስቀምጥበት እና በምንነቅሌበት ጊዜ ምንም force (ሃይሌ) አያስፈሌግም ምክንያቱ ፒኖቹ ስሇሚሰበሩ:: ጥንቃቄ ያ
ስፈሌጋሌ::

DOT

Triangle

DOT on the
motherboard (CPU
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Triangle

ፒኖቹ ተቀንሶ triangle

ሰርተዋሌ

How can we change central process name?

My computer right click property CPU specification ያሳያናሌ:: ነገርግን CPU name መቀየር ይቻሊሌ.
E.g Core i3 ወዯ Core i5

ሇመቀየር ከዚህ በታች ያሇው step እንከተሊሇን

Run Regedit Hkey local machine Hardware

Description

Central System
0 (zero)
processor

Processor name

Then edit the processor

name
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

CPU failure
1. Orange color power on/off switch
 Cause: 1) CPU auxiliary ካሌተሰካ: orange አሳይቶ አንዳ ይጠፋሌ::
2) CPU: CPU ከተነቀሇ ወይም ከተበሊሸ constant orange ያሳያሌ
CPU ከተነቀሇ continously orange ያሳያሌ እና መስመሮች jump አዴርጎ ይበራለ ((different brands it gives
constant orange or dead)::
Power on ስናዯርግ አራት በመስመር አረንጓዳ ከበራ CPU ትክክሇኛ መሰካቱ ያሳያናሌ
3) capacitor around CPU and CPU pin on motherboard: orange color blink blink ያሳያሌ
Capacitor on back motherboard ስንሇካው reading ይሰጣሌ ይህ ማሇት ተበሊሽተዋሌ ማሇት አይዯሇም
እና ነቅሇን test ማዴረግ አሇብን open ይሰጠናሌ
4) RAM
 Solution: 1. CPU auxiliary plug: pluging of CPU auxiliary.
2) Check CPU by replacement: when we replace CPU we must check the speed of
the CPU. የ computer CPU ጠፍቶ ቢመጣ የcomputer brand በማየት የዛ brand CPU በመቀያየር
መሞከር በትክክሇኛ fit የሚያዯርግ ከሆነ computeru ይነሳሌ ካሌሆነ ግን computeru አይነሳም::
CPU fun, pest and CPU sink ሇCPU ካሌተገጠመሇት CPU shout down ያዯርጋሌ
3) replace by the capacitor by the same microfarad and volt.
4) Check RAM VGA

Power to PSU motherboard CPU RAM CMOS battery HDD window xp, 7, 8, 10

BIOS

Motherboard bus speed (ሁለም component in the motherboard ይሄ software ከኮምተራችን delete ከሆነ
ከ CPU የተየያዙ ናቸው እና በምን ያክሌ speed communicate ኮምፒተራች ዝም ብል restart ያዯርጋሌ:: ህይ
እንዯሚያዯርጉ የሚገሌጽሌን speed ነው) software virus ነው እሚመሰሇው
CPU clock speed: CPU speed
Delete ከተዯረገ እንዯገና ከ CD repair
2. Dead: እናዯርገዋሇን ከዛ restart problem ይጠፋሌ
 Cause: 1) CPU ከተነቀሇ
 Solution: 1) check CPU
3. Restart:
 Cause: 1) software ((XP Nt detect.com) only for window XP)
My computer tools folder option view Nt detect.com
2) BIOS setting (i.e SATA operation, ATA and AHCI) ከተዛባ
3) CPU cooling: i.e fun, fun pest and CPU heat sink
 Solution: 1) repair from CD
2) BIOS setting SATA operation ማስተካከሌ
3) CPU cooling System check ማዴረግ: Fun and pest ሲበሊሹ እርርርር የሚሌ ሃይሇኛ
ዴምጽ ያሰማሌ ወይም ይጮሃሌ:: ስሇዚ service ማዴርግ ወይም መቀየር
CPU pest (30-40 birr) is different from motherboard pest

XP Nt detect.com ሇማግኘት
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. My computer (select local disk (C)

2. Select tools
3. Select folder option
4. Select view
5. Select show hidden files and folders
6. Deselect hide protected operating system files )
7. Select ok or apply
8. We will get xp Nt detect file
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1.8 GHz / 256 / 400

CPU speed
MB bus speed
Catch memory

ኮምፒተራች ስንከፍት floppy diskette seek failure strike the F1 to continue, F2 to run the set up utility የሚሌ
notification ከመጣ ከታች ባሇው step solve ማዴረግ እንችሊሇን

F2 BIOS setting drive diskette drive then off ማዴረግ

Memory
There are three types of memory.

1. RAM

2. ROM

3. Catch memory: integrated with CPU

1. Random access memory (RAM): two types of RAM

a). Static RAM (SRAM)

 They cannot refresh or upgrade

 Found most of the time in advanced technology
 RAM መንቀሌ አይቻሌም

b). Dynamic RAM (DRAM): can refresh or upgrade.

Dynamic RAM can be divide in to four.

1. SDR (Single Data Rate):

 Have two slot (unique የሚያዯርገው)
 Have 184 pins
 Its specification On other motherboard RAM bank is 3.3v
 The specification of this RAM is written in the form of PC100, PC2700 and PC3200 etc.
 Have a maximum size of 512 MB
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Slot
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Do not touch this pin

by your hand when
we install or lose

Slots

SDR RAM
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. DDR1 (Double Data Rate 1)

 Have one slot

 Have 168 pins
 Its Specification on motherboard RAM bank is 2.5v
 The specification of this RAM is written in the form of PC100, PC2700, PC3200 etc.
 If the paper specification (name plate) is not present in RAM we can identify DDR1 have
big rectangle IC.
 Have a maximum size of 1 GB

Please see this IC (big rectangle) to

identify the RAM if the specification
name plate (white paper) is not present
in the RAM

This is the specification

of DDR1 i.e PC3200……

DDR1 RAM
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

3. DDR2 (double data Rate 2)

 Have one slot

 Have 240 pins
 Its specification on motherboard RAM bank is 1.8V
 The specification of this RAM is written in the form of PC2-10600, PC2-12800 etc.
 If the paper specification (name plate) is not present in RAM we can identify DDR2 have square IC.
 Have a maximum size of 2 GB
 It is core 2 duo

This is specification of DDR2 RAM i.e

PC2-5300U

DDR2 RAM
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Square IC

DDR2 RAM
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Square IC

DDR2 RAM

4. DDR3 (double data rate 2):

 Have one slot
 Have 240 pins
 Its specification on motherboard RAM bank is 1.5V
 The specification of this RAM is written in the form of PC3-8500, PC3L-8500 etc.
 If the paper specification (name plate) is not present in RAM we can identify DDR3 have
small rectangle IC.
 Latest version
 Have a maximum size of 2 GB (200-300 birr), 4 GB (600 birr), 8GB (900 birr)
 It is core i3 and above
 Have a common speed of PC3-8500, PC3-10600 and PC3-12800.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Small rectangle IC

DDR3 RAM

How can we know RAM specification?

To know the RAM specification we follow the following steps

F2 BIOS setting memory info displays memory info

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Indicates that the Indicates the Computer

computer have four have 2 RAM with its size
RAM bank and 2 RAM bank are
empty

BIOS setting only for desktops

Memory Failure
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. 6 times continuous beep sound (for desktop only)

 Cause: 1) RAM ከተነቀሇ ወይም ከተበሊሸ

2) RAM slot or RAM bank ከቆሸሸ
 Solution: 1. check RAM: ራም ስንቀይር ምን አይነት ራም መሆኑ (SDR, DDR1, DDR2 and DDR3) ማወቅ
ያሰፈሌጋሌ. We identify the RAM we should see the RAM type, RAM specification or on the
motherboard written voltage.
When we upgrade a RAM we should have to know the specification of the computer from
the internet how much RAM GB can support the computer.
2. RAM bank wash by thinner and RAM pin wash by thinner.
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Best thinner for washing of RAM pin

and RAM bank but not for screen
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. NO display:

 Cause: 1) RAM ከተነቀሇ ወይመ ከተበሊሸ

2) RAM bank
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

We will see on laptop

3) Monitor class)
4) VGA cable
5) BIOS setting (ROM troubleshoot)
6) Display IC
 Solution፡- 1)check RAM or replace RAM
2) Wash RAM bank

3) There is such type of structure on monitor then by pressing

four times for this button the monitor was not display.
By pressing we will get digital detect then no display
By pressing we will get auto analogue detect then it gives display.

VGA port
ከላሇው

4. Check VGA cable

3. Stack: ኮምፒተር ሲንሳ brand name (dell, Toshiba etc ብል) በማሳየት ሳይከፍት stack ያዯርጋሌ
 Cause: over RAM size
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 RAM speed.

4. Laptops RAM slot የሚታይ ችግር RAM

It gives display

RAM bank

No display

Black RAM
bank
1 GB

2 GB White RAM
bank
NO display
1 GB
Black RAM bank

White RAM
bank
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Black RAM
1 GB bank

White RAM
2 GB bank
Gives display
Black RAM
1 GB bank

2 GB White RAM
bank

Storage device
1. RAM:- store data temporary
2. Hard Disc Drive (HDD):- store data permanent.
Types of HDD

1. IDE (PATA) HDD: contains 40 pins data cable.

Jumper block Molex power cable

Data cable (40 pin)

2. SATA HDD: contains 7 pin data cable and 15 pin power cable.
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Power cable (15 pins)

Data cable (7 pins)

Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

3. SCSI HDD:

Jumper block for IDE HDD

HDD 1(master) HDD 2 (slave)

Jumper block for SATA HDD
SATA 0 master
SATA 1 salve
SATA 2 slave
SATA 3 slave
SATA 4 slave
SATA 5 slave
Master slave:- used
 To upgrade capacity of HDD
 To ghost (clone) :- ከአንዴ HDD ያሇው operating system and data ወዯ ላሊ HDD በ 3- 10 minutes
የምንገሌብጥበት system ነው:: ሇምሳላ በኔ HDD ያሇው operating syatem and data ላሊ ሰው ከፈሇገው የሱ HDD ወዯ
ኮምፒተሬ በማስገባት የኔ ሙለ data and operating system ማስተሊሇፍ ማሇት ነው:: የሱ HDD data ካሇው ግን by copy
paste ወዯ እኔ HDD backup መያዝ ያስፈሌግሌ ምክንያቱ ከእኔ HDD OS and data ወዯ እሱ ሳስተሊሌፍ እሱ ጋ የነበር data
ስሇእሚጠፋ:: ስሇዚ ካስተሊሇፍኩ በኋሊ ከሱ HDD ያሇው operating system and data እና ከHDD ያሇው OS and data
አንዴ አይነት ነው::

SATA HDD jumper block ስናዯርግ መጀመርያ ኮምፒተራች ንዉስጥ ያሇው HDD በየትኛው SATA connect መሆኑ ማየት

ሇምሳላ HDD እና data cable በSATA 1 and SATA 2 አገኘነው እንበሌ

ከዛ የምናስገባ HDD (ሁሇተኛ HDD (new HDD)) SATA 3 or SATA 4 connect ማዴረግ አሇብን ምክንያቱ የምናስገባው
HDD slave መሆን አሇበት:: ሇምሳላ ሁሇተኛው HDD SATA 0 connect ብናዴርገው ያስገባነው HDD እንዯ master ያገሇግሊሌ
ማሇት ነው ስሇዚ ኮምፒተሩ ስንከፍትው በሁሇተኛ ያስገባነው HDD operating system ነው የሚከፍትሌን እና data and
operating system ኮምፒተራችን ከነበረ HDD ወዯ ሁሇተኛ ያስገባነው HDD ማስተሊሇፍ አንችሌም::
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Slave HDD must be greater or equal in size to the master HDD ምክንያቱ Data and operating system ከ
MASTER HDD ወዯ SLAVE HDD ስሇሆነ እምንስታሊሌፈው::

To know the data cable in what SATA are connected (የኮምፒተራችን HDD ከየትኛው SATA (SATA 0,1,2,3,4..)
እንዯተገናኘ ሇማወቅ)

F2 BIOS setting drive drives we will SATA 0

SATA 1

SATA 2

SATA 3 etc.

On each individual SATAs click በማዴረግ HDD እና የHDD data cable connected የሆንበት SATA ይነግረናሌ::
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

SATA connectors in
keyboard
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Master slave:- used

 To upgrade capacity of HDD
 To ghost (clone) :- ከአንዴ HDD ያሇው operating system and data ወዯ ላሊ HDD በ 3- 10 minutes
የምንገሌብጥበት system ነው:: ሇምሳላ በኔ HDD ያሇው operating syatem and data ላሊ ሰው ከፈሇገው የሱ HDD ወዯ
ኮምፒተሬ በማስገባት የኔ ሙለ data and operating system ማስተሊሇፍ ማሇት ነው:: የሱ HDD data ካሇው ግን by copy
paste ወዯ እኔ HDD backup መያዝ ያስፈሌግሌ ምክንያቱ ከእኔ HDD OS and data ወዯ እሱ ሳስተሊሌፍ እሱ ጋ የነበር data
ስሇእሚጠፋ:: ስሇዚ ካስተሊሇፍኩ በኋሊ ከሱ HDD ያሇው operating system and data እና ከHDD ያሇው OS and data
አንዴ አይነት ነው::

To know the data cable in what SATA are connected (የኮምፒተራችን HDD ከየትኛው SATA (SATA 0,1,2,3,4..)
እንዯተገናኘ ሇማወቅ)

F2 BIOS setting drive drives we will SATA 0

SATA 1

SATA 2

SATA 3 etc.

On each individual SATAs click በማዴረግ HDD እና የHDD data cable connected የሆንበት SATA ይነግረናሌ::

How to ghost (clone)

Adjust master slave Insert mini XP CD and Boot from mini XP CD (by long press F12
restart the computer for dell and Toshiba, F9 for HP)

Ok Ghost normal Northon ghost Back up tools

Local disc to disc

Ok OK Ok Yes Continue Quit

During this process if there is data on slave HDD we should have backup theses data to the master HDD
otherwise it loses their data.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Laptop ሁሇት HDD ሉይዝ ስሇማይችሌ ከcomputer ዉስጥ በመሰካት ውይም AOMie partition assistance (it is a
software) እና encloser (እንክልዠር) በመጠቀም ghost ማዴረግ እንችሊሇን::

Enclose (250 birr) :- used to transfer data from internal HDD to external HDD.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Laptop
HDD

Internal part of HDD

Track

Spendle
Plater

Sector it is difficult to
Selector
see by your eye
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Spindle
Selector

Plater
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

HDD board
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

HDD failure
1. Blue screen with error message.
 Cause: 1) HDD plater damage ከሆነች

2) BIOS setting

 Solution: 1) regenerate HDD

Boot from mini XP CD

DOS program
Steps for regeneration of
HDD
HDD tools

HDD regenerate

Follow the step (normal scan and repair (recommended))

2) Check BIOS setting

F2(bios setting) drive SATA operation raid on / ATA (XP &below )
Raid on /AHCI (w 7 & above)
2. No bootable device available
 Cause: 1) HDD ከተበሊሸ
2) HDD software (operating system) ከላሇው
3) Data cable ካሌተሰካ ወይም ከተበሊሸ
4) Power cable ካሌተሰካ ወይምከተበሊሸ
5) BIOS setting on ካሌሆነ
6) CMOS battery ያሇቀ እምንጠቀም ከሆነ ወይም ካሇቀ
 Solution: 1) check HDD by mini XP CD
Insert mini XP CD and restart boot from mini XP CD

Mini window 7 portable

 HDD ካሌተበሊሸ (የሚሰራ ከሆነ) mini XP software window loading file

ጨርሳ ራሷ እንዯ window ቆጥራ ትገባሇች (ይከፈታሌ)
 HDD ከተበሊሸ ግን mini XP software አይገባም

2) check software (operating system of the HDD)

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Boot mini XP CD mini window 7 portable window loading file የሚሌ ይመጣሌ

For Window Window loading ጨርሶ ከገባ በኋሊ local disk (C) በመክፈት
window window, programe file and document & setting (user)
XP Programe file የሚሌ ካገኘን HDD software (operating system) አሇው
Document & setting ማሇትነው （no problem of software). ከሊይ የተጠቀሱ ካሊገኘን
ግን HDD operating system የሇውም ማሇት ነው (software
problem)

Window
For window 7 and
above Program file

User

3) check data cable

4) Check power cable

5) Check bios setting (SATA 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

6) Replace CMOS battery

7) Check SATA connector

3. Restart:

 Cause: 1) BIOS setting (AHCI, ATA)

 Solution: 1) check bios setting

4. Slow

 Cause 1)HDD

2) USB 2.0 (speed 450MB/S)

USB 3.0 (speed 1.4 GB/s)

External HDD brands

1. Transend (1 TB 2200 birr)
2. Segate
3. Toshiba (1800 birr)
4. WD (not good)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Assembling and disassembling the PC

1. Remove case
2. Remove cables
3. Remove PSU Dis
4. Remove HDD
Assembli
5. Remove ODD
6. Remove RAM
ng
Assembling
7. Remove CPU cooling system
8. Remove MB
9. Remove CPU

To check PCI cards and USB on BIOS

F2 BIOS setting on motherboard 1. PCI (then on/off)

2. USB (then on/off)

Revision on hardware

1. Laptop charger power supply unit (PSU) short እንዲያዯርግ ተሸፍኖ ነው የሚመጣ እና ነቅሇን maintain ከጠገን
በኋሊ ) ካዯረግን በኋሊ short እንዲያዯርግ በምን እንሸፍነዋሇን？

Answer: using glue (በ soldering iron or blower ግለን በማቅሇጥ)

Glue
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

PSU of laptop charger

2. Form factor in PSU means primary and secondary parts

3. Green color in PSU we called power on
4. How can we know speed of motherboard the CPU that have been used?
Answer:
 AT: motheroard = 330 MHz/S and installed CPU = 700 MHz/S
 ATX: motherboard = 800 MHz/S and installed CPU = 1.6 GHz/S
 BTX: motherboard = 10 GHz/S and installed CPU 3.2 GHz/S and below 3.2 GHz/S are
compitable with this motherboard.
5. Modern expansion slot: means ሇምሳላ VGA port or other ports ከተበሊሸ በmodern expansion slot አንደ side
ወዯ ኮምፒተሩ ሲሰካ በ USB ሁኖ the other side ዯግማ VGA port or other የተበሊሹ port ያሇው ማሇት ነው

e.g using HDMI can display from labtop to TV

In the form of USB

then connect to In the form of VGA port,
computer modern printer, etc... then connect
expansion slots to the ports
Modern
expansion slot

In the form of USB Modern expansion

slotinterface then connected
to the computer PCI slots
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

6. ROM interface controller

For laptops (አበጥ or

ወፈር ያሇች ናት)
For desktop computers

7. CD drives failure
 Drive ካሌተጫነበት
 Lens fail ካዯረገ
 Board ብሌሽት ካሇ
 CD አሌወጣም ካሇ

Solution:

 Installing drive
 CD አሌወጣም ካሇ በመርፌ በትንሽየ ቀዲዲ በማስገባት ማስወጣት
8. BIOS : basic input output system (total setting of computer የምናገኝበት ）

Booting : computer ሇማስነሳት የምንጠቀምበት

LAPTOP DISASSEMBLING AND ASSEMBLING

1. Remove battery
2. Remove RAM (6.5 cm)
3. Remove HDD
4. Remove ODD
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

5. Remove back screw

6. Remove Keyboard cover
7. Remove Keyboard
8. Remove Back or front cover
9. Remove Motherboard
10. Remove Screen

There are two wi-fi cables (black and white) in laptop and connected to the wi-fi (wireless card).

Latest laptops have not South bridge.

CPU in laptops are either integrated or with pin.

To open CPU we rotate the pin using
CPU ሇመክፈት screw in the direction of locked key then
lift CPU carefully
Direction of roation

Symbol of unlock
key
Symobal of
locked key

How can we identify (differentiate) LCD and LED screen

 LCD have an invertor (LCD screen light የምያገኘበት) but not have in LED

Cable for invertor

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

LCD screen

Cable

LED screen

How can we know laptop screen size?

Common laptop screen sizes are:

 10.0 inch
 11.6 inch
 12.1 inch
 13.01 inch
 13.3 inch
 14.5 inch
 15.4 inch
 15.6 inch
 17.3 inch

Laptop screen size can be identify using:

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. By checking the name plate at the back of screen (screen ከተፈታ በኋሊ በጀባው ሊ ስናይ እዱህ የሚሌ ጽሁፍ
(name plate) እናገገኛሇን
 LPT 156178..... (screen size is 15.6)
 LTN 100234..... (screen size is 10.0)
 B 133764...... (screen size is 13.3)
 N 1213456.... (screen size is 12.1) የሚሌ ካገኘን the firest three numbers by inserting
dot (point) b/n the second and third digit indicates sccreen size of the laptop（የመጀመርያ
ሶስት ቁጥሮች በመዉሰዴ በሁሇተኛ ቁጥር እና ሶስተኛ ቁጥር መካከሌ በራሳች ነጥብ በመጨመር የlaptop screen
size መሆኑ እናቃሇን)

Indicates screen size

2. By writting “model of laptop then screen replacement on GOOGLE”

e.g Toshiba C660 screen replacement

Model of laptops ሇማወቅ በጀርባ ማየት

ROM 4*4 ሁና ከሁለም 4*4 እግሮች ትሌቁ （አበጥ, ወፈር） ያሇች ናት

Screen cable most of the time is 40 and 36 pin (check on the cable name plate or check using browsing in
google)

Wifi card cable have two cables (white and black or in the form of other colors )
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Connector for white or

Connector for black or white black

Laptop troublshoot
I. Display (screen problem)
1. No display :

Cause: 1. Screen cable (cable that connecte screen and motherboard)

2. screen (ሇ screen light የሚሰጥ pin (for LED) and invertor and cable (for LCD)
3. graphics card （graphics card ሊይ NVDIA የሚሌ ጽሑፍ አሇ) ከተበሊሸ

solution: 1. Checke cable and pins (clean by thinner) of the cable on both screen cable coonectpr and on
motherboard scree cable connector.

2. check light source of pin (for LED) and invertor(for LCD)

3. rehot the graphics card

2. Dim light:

Cause: 1. Invertor (for LCD)

2. Back light (for LED)

Solution: 1. Check the invertor

2. check back light connector

3. Different color:

Cause: graphics card

Solution: re-hot the graphics card

4. white (washed): ኮምፒተራችን ከተነሳ በኋሊ screen ነጭ ሲሆን ማሇት

Cause: screen ከተበሊሸ

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Screen cable connector

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Screen (back light connector) for LED: ስክሪኑ light የሚያገኚባት

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

North bridge

Graphics card
(it has paste
and cooling
system )

CPU

Fan

If we see the above listed problems (no display, dim light, different color and white) fisrt we check the problem either
on the screen or on the system unit. This is checked by:

 connecting VGA port to the laptop and to the desktop screen if display seen on desktop screenn we
decide the problem is on the laptop motherboard if we not display the problem is on the laptop
screen.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To check the problem is either in the lap board or screen we follow the following VGA port connection:

If the problem is on the laptop screen (no display, dim light, different
color and white) we observe the normal display on the desktop screen
so, the problem is on screen.

If the problem is on the laptop mother board we observe the same

problem on the desktop screen (no display, dim light, different color
and white)

Laptop problems
1. no display
Cause: 1. Charger volt and current
2. Charger pin wire
3. Battery driver
4. Operating system
5. Charge IC
6. Battery compatibility
Solution: 1. Check charger specification by laptop model from internet
2. Check cable wire by continuity or visual inspection
3. Uninstall driver without battery and insert battery
4. Active window or install genune window
5. Check IC input voltage or check by continuity like diode
e.g in put voltage 19 V output voltage

OR
 forward 200-900 reading
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

 reverse open (1)

6. Check battery model from specification

2. Dead or no power:

Cause: 1. Charger

2. Battery

3. Charger pin

4. CPU

5. Any short like keyboard, ODD, RAM……..

6. BIOS file (ROM)

7. Power IC

Solution: 1. Maintain charger by check DC volt

2. Remove battery and check direct

3. Check input voltage by DC volt

4. Check by replacement

5. Check one by one

6. Install BIOS firmware on ROM

7. Check IC like charge IC, by continuity and DC volt

To change screen of laptop disassembling of system is not needed i.e remove the frame by holding (using hand
@the bottom (around task bar). ስክሪን ስንቀይር board መፍታት አያስፈሌግም frame በመንቀሌ ከዛ በ task bar አከባቢ የሚገኙ
screew በመፍታት መቀየር እንችሊሇን::

3. No sound:

Cause: 1. Speaker problem

2. driver
3. sound IC
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

solution: 1. Check by headphone

2. install driver pack or cobra

3. rehot and replace

4. No display:

Cause: 1. RAM

2. screen

3. screen cable

4. BIOS

Solution: 1. Check RAM

2. Check by external monitor

3. Check by replacement

4. Install BIOS or flash BIOS

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. Remove the frame from the

bottom (around task bar)

1. R
e
m
o
v
e
S 3. Remove the
c screw i.e at
r the back of the
e frame
e
w
s

When we replace screen of laptop:

 identify LCD and LED

 know screen size
 the replace with the same parametrs and size

No sound: replace speaker or check the cable of the speaker attached or not

Testing of charger of laptop charger

1. Insert the charger to the adapter (220-240V)
2. Put the pointer of meter on DC (@ 20V) b/c laptop charger standard is 19V.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

3. Connect one probe to the inside pin of the charger and the second probe to the external part of the
charger. If the charger is normal the meter displays 19V.
External part

Inside Pin

Displays 19V if the

charger is normal
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Testing of charger pin wire

1. Connect the charger to the adapter
2. Adjust pointer on DC (@20v)
3. Connect one probe to the pin of the pin wire and the second probe to the other pin wire if it display 19
v it is normal. If lose one pin it cannot charge.

Charger pin
wire
Charger
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Testing of power on/off cable

The cable connector on the mother board has two structures

1. With two pin

2. With four pin.

Power on ስናዯርግ አሌበራም ካሇ በmotherboard ያለት የ power on/off connector pins በpicker ፒኖችን short በማዴረግ
የmotherboard LED and fan rotate ካዯረገ power on/off ኬብሊችን ተበሊሽተዋሌ ማሇት ነው

Shorting system for

two pins power on/off
cable using picker

Common pin. We identify this common pin by

Shorting system for four the triangle around the pin
pins power cable on/off
using picker

Testing of power IC
Power IC can be tested using two methods.

1. Continuity test: gives open and reading if the power IC is normal

Displays Displays open (1)

reading (200-
900)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. Voltage test:
 Connect the charger to the adapter (power source)
 Adjust the pointer of meter on Dc (@2ov)
 Connect the black probe (ground) to the MB ground and the second probe (red) to the
leg of power IC the gives 19V in input position and output if the power IC is normal.

NB do not short the power IC legs (በምንሇካበት ጊዜ probe አንዴ pin ብቻ መንካት አሇበት ካሌሆነ ይበሊሻሌ

Ground

Displays 19v
(input) Ground probe (black probe)

Grounding system to MB

Display 19v
(output)

Charge IC Testing
Can be test by using two methods

1. Continuity: display open and reading if it is normal. The procedure is the same as Power IC continiuty
test method.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Displays Displays open (1)

reading (200-
900)

2. Voltage test:

 Connect the charger to the adapter (power source)

 Adjust the pointer of meter on Dc (@2ov)
 Connect the black probe (ground) to the MB ground and the second probe (red) to the
leg of charge IC the gives 19V in input position and output if the charge IC is normal. The
procedure is the same as voltage test of power IC (see above fig)

NB charge IC pins (legs) በጣም ቀጭን ስሇሆኑ በጥንቃቄ መሇካት አሇብን እግሮቹ short ካዯረግናቸው ICው አይሰራም እንዴያ መርፌ
በlead ከprobe በመበየዴ ብንሇካው ይሻሊሌ::

Surface mounted capacitor (blue in color)

To test the surface mounted capacitor in laptop

 First put the ground (black) probe to the ground of laptop

 Second connect the red probe to the capacitor legs
 Then gives one side beep sound and the other side open or( reading ????)

Displays or gives beep

sound
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Displays or gives open (1)

How can we install BIOS

ROM is found around the super chipset IC. 4*4 እግር ያሊት ሁና ከላልች 4*4 IC ዎች ወፈር (አበጥ ያሇች ናት)

ሊፕቶፓችን no display ከሚያመጡ ችግሮች አንደ የ ROM ብሌሽት ነው እና መፍትሄው ዯግሞ BIOS install ማዴረግ ነው:: BIOS
install ሇማዴረግ የሚያስፈሌጉን

1. TVP2588U+ software
2. TVP2588U+ instrument

Therefore first install the application (TVP2588U+) and then connect the TVP2588U+.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

አንዴ አይነት model የሆኑትቾ computer or laptop አንዴ አይነት ROM አሊቸው:: ROM internet ሊይ ማግኘቱ ከባዴ ስሇሆነ
ከborad ROM ነቅሇን ኮምፒተራችን ሊይ backup መያዝ ይኖርብናሌ ከዛ የተበሊሸውን ROM በመንቀሌ ከinstrument በመበየዴ backup
የያዝንበት file ወዯ ROM መጫን:: ROM ስንጭን እና backup ስንይዝ የሚከተለት step እንከተሊሇን

The instrument

The software
shortcut in desktop
after installation
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To istall the BIOS

1. Install the software

After installation the sotware, open the

software icon shortcut in the desktop if it
displays “failure to open device” this
indicates the instrument is not connected
the PC or laptop
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. Connect the TVP2588U+ instrument to the laptop then open the shortcut software on the desktop
and it gives the following box.
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

3. Identiy ROM specification (brand) ie it is written on ROM body and identify the polarity of the
ROM

This indicates that leg number 1 of ROM must be inserted to this pin

If exchange the polarity (i.e leg number 8 of ROM is inserted in pin 1 of the
instrument ) it doesn’t work.

Please insert the ROM pins or (legs) to the instrument pin properly without
exchange the polarity
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

The polarity can be identified by the following method

Pin (leg) 1 This indicates the polarity of the ROM ie

the ROM pin that contains circle is ROM
pin (leg) number one

First see the brand (manufacturer) and device of the ROM to be installed (ሌንጭነው ያሰብነው ROM brand and
device name አይተን ሇመጫንወይም backup ሇመያዝ instrument ሊይ መምረጥ ይኖርብናሌ. Eg if we read winbond and
w25x16 on ROM then select it this brand and device name on the instrument.

1. Click “select”

Click on “OK”

2. select the brand and

device name i.e read on
ROM
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

4. Backup file: ሇላሊ ጊዜ የ ROM file ስሇ እሚጠቅመን install ከማዴረጋችን በፊት backup መያዝ አሇብን ላሊ ሰው ROM
ጫንሌኝ ብል ቢመጣ የ computeru ሞዯሌ (ROM specificaion) backup ከያዝነው backup ተመሳሳይ ከሆነ
እንጭንሇታሇን ካሌሆነ ዯግሞ በሱ model ተመሳሳይ የሆነ ላሊ ROM ፈሌገን backup በመያዝ መጫን:: for backup file from
ROM follow the following steps.
 Click on “read”
 After reading finished click on “save”
 Select in what place do you save (i.e my document, desktop etc.......)
 Click on “save or ok”
1. Click on
4. Click on “save”
“select”

3. Click on “ok”

2. Select brand and Dvice

 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

5. Install the ROM: ROM የምንጭነው ከያዝነው bakup file ነው ስሇዚ install (ሇመጫን)
1. Click on “select”
2. Select “brand and device”
3. Open the file backup
4. Click on “erase, write, and verify” respectively or click on “auto” (የሶስቱንም ስራ
(erase, write and verify) በአንዳ ይሰራሌናሌ)

4. Click on “open” 5. Click on 5. click on “on these three “ to 1. Click on “select”

“auto” install OR

3. Click “OK”
2. Select the brand and device
that you went
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To reset ROM (to erase)

1. Click on “erase”
2. Select brand and device Click on this

Software
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

User ከhardware የሚያግባባ part ነው

There are four types of operating system.

1. Real time operating system: machine in industry

2. Embedded operating system: small devices like mobile, child games
3. Single and multitasking: አሁን የምንጠቀምባቸው operaing system
4. Single and multiuser operating system: Ubuntu

Types of file system

1. NTFS (new technology file system): more secure (latest)

2. FAT : less secure (less than window XP operating system

Product of Microsoft

1. MS DOS
2. Window NT Without operating system we
3. Window 95 can open BIOS setting
4. Window 98
5. Window 2000
6. Window XP
7. Window 7
8. Window 8
9. Window 10

Window XP
1. XP SP2 (window XP service pack 2): cannot install one driver most of the time is audio driver
2. XP SP3 (window XP service pack 3): can install all drivers.

Requirements to install window XP operating system

Requirement minimum

1. CPU------------------------------------------------------- 133 MHz/S

2. RAM ----------------------------------------------------- 512 MB/S
3. HDD------------------------------------------------------ 1.5 GB
4. ODD------------------------------------------------------ CD or USB
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How install window XP operating system

1. Insert CD
2. Restart the PC
3. Go to “boot” by pressing F12 (for Toshiba and dell) F9 (for HP)
4. Boot from CD
5. Press any key to boot from CD (it gives only 3 seconds, if timed out the computers opens by the
present operating system)
6. 6.1. Enter ----------------to continue
6.2 . R ----------------------to repair press enter to continue
6.3 . F3 ----------------------to Quite

6.4 . F8 ------- ---- I agree press F8

6.5 . ESC---------- don’t agree

6.6 . ESC------------- don’t repair press ESC

6.7 . R ---------------- to repair

6.8 Enter------to install gives two option i.e 1)format the partition using the
6.9 D ----------delete partition NTFS file system (quick)
6.10 C-----------to create partition 2. Format the partition using NTFS file system.
Then select 2. If select “quick” datas are
Corrupted after few times.
7. Display “press any key to boot from CD” don’t press any key please wait some minutes if we press
any key it returns to the back i.e number 5 (written above)
8. Click on “next”
9. Give “name”
10. Give “organization”
11. Insert activation code “QFQVC-F4W7P-J32BC-GT4KV-32HMD”
12. Display “Press any key to boot from CD” don’t press please wait for several second or minutes.
13. Click on “next”
14. Click on “next”
15. Click “ok”
16. Click “cancel”

During installing 8 MB is left for Master boot for reserve (ntdetect etc…...)

Window XP በምንጭንበት ጊዜ ከታች የምናየው ጽሁፍ ስያመጣሌን CD በዯምብ መጥረግ ወይም CD መቀየር ይኖርብናሌ
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 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

How to create partition in window XP

First Install partition magic software

Start

All programs

Power quest partition magic

Partition magic 8.0

Right click on “local disc C, D, E”

Resize / move

Ok

Right click on unallocated space

Create apply ok yes (ok ካሌን በኋሊ restart ሊዴርግ ወይ

የሚሌ notification ይመጣሌ yes እንሌዋሇን)

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1
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2. Right click on
3. Select “resize/move”
local disc (C)
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4. drug by this pointer

to the left

Look new
size

5. ok
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6. right click on 7. select “create”

unallocated
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8. select “ok”

Final partition
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Backup system in window XP

Computer format ስናዯርግ total format ወይም file or data backup በመያዝ format ማዴረግ እንችሊሇን:: There four
ways of backup file or data system in window XP.

1. By coping file or data from local disk (C) to D

2. Using mini XP CD (if the computer window is corrupted)
3. Master slave
4. By installation dual operating system

1. By coping data from local disc(C) to D

 Desktop file or data
 Document files or data all these files or datas are stored in local disc (C)
 Download file
 Music file
 Picture file

ስሇዚ computer format በምናዯርግበት ጊዜ እነዚህን file ወዯ D copy በማዴረግ backup መያዝ ይኖርብናሌ:: backup በምንይዝበት
ጊዜ local disc (C) format ሰሇ እሚሆን D ዯግሞ backup data የያዘ ስሇሆነ ፊዯልቹ ሉቀያየሩ ስሇ እሚችለ format በምናዯርግበት ጊዜ
በራሳችን ስም መስጠት አሇብን e.g local disc (c) OS （operating system) and D ( data).

Boot from window XP CD press any key enter F8 ESC

C: (os) delete and create

Select this to format b/c it is operating
system D: (data) (backup የያዝንበት）

Next

organization
Cancel OK Next Name
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2. Mini XP: (if window is corrupt)

Boot from mini XP CD

Select “mini window 7 portable”

Open my computer

Open local disc (C)

Open document and setting (for Window XP) or User (for window 7, 8, and 10)

User

 Desktop file copy these files to D or external Hard disk etc

 Download file
 Document

File or data backup ይዘህ computer format አዴርግሌኝ ከተባሌን ከሊይ ባሇው step backup ከያዝን በኋሊ window XP CD
በማስገባት format ማዴረግ

Data or file backup አዴርግሉኝ ከተባሌክ ዯግሞ ከሊይ በተጠቀሰ step በ mini XP data backup እናስይዝሇታሇን ወዯ external
HDD or to the computer itself (i.e D)

3. Master slave : the same as in the HDD ghost

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4. Dual operating system installation: this means one operating system in local disc (C) and other
operating system either similar or different operating system in the same computer

Boot from window XP

Press any key

Enter

F8

ESC
Select this to install the new
operating system

C: old operating system ያሇበት

D: new operating system የምንጭንበት

Select “leave the current file system intact (no chane)” donot select quick or normal

Then follow the same procedure with installing of window XP

If you select this the files

will be format so don’t
select quick or normal
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New operating system

Old operating
After installed the dual operating system when we open
system
the computer it gives two option to enter (log in) i.e

1. The new operating system that have been installed

2. The old operating system

Driver backup

በ driver backup applications በአሁን ጊዜ ማናገኛቸው driver ኮምፒተር ፎርማት (format) ከማዴረጋች በፊት backup
(using driver backup) መያዝ ይኖርብናሌ:: በተሇይ የዴሮ printer ዴርይቨራቸው ስሇማይገኝ ከኢንተርኔት ማውረዴ ስሇማንችሌ ግዯታ
ኮምፒተሩ format ስናዯርግ የፕሪተሩ driver በdriver backup ማያዝ አሇብን:: backup ሇመያዝ

1. Install driver backup software e.g driver genius

2. Open the the installed driver (e.g driver genius)
3. Goto “backup”
4. Then select the driver that you went to backup (e.g printer driver)
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This notification indicates if the computer is

have not operating system or if NTLDR is
deleted from the local disk

Understanding windows and its component

Technical utility:

1. Control panel
2. Device manager: driver የምንቆጣጠርበት እና device manager በመግባት users password መስጠት እንችሊሇን::
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3. System tools: contains system restore (ኮምፒተራች ከሁሇት ወር፣ከአመት፣ከአንዴ ወር በፊት ወዯ ነበረበት ሁኔታ
የምንመሌሰበት ሁነታ ማሇት ነው:: system tools work for below window 7 but for window 8 and 10 needs
or asks CD.

To find system tools we follow the steps given below.

1. Go to “start “
2. Select “all programs”
3. Select “accessory “
4. Select “system tools”
5. Click on “system restore”
6. The it displays “the system restore dialog box”

Windows user accounts (types of account)

There are 5 types of window user accounts

1. Built in administrator user: create when we install operating system (cannot delete this user
account)
2. Built guest user: create when we install operating system (cannot delete this user account)
3. User administrator user: create by user (can be delete
4. Limit or standard user: create by user (can be delete)
5. Help assistant and support user:
 Data base.
 Create when we install OS.
 Used to break password

How to create user account

1. Go to “start”
2. Select “control”
3. Select “user account”
4. Click on “create new account”

Password crack
Password of windows user account can be by three ways (method)

1. Using spotmau CD: this is the better password cracker because it doesn’t select windows
2. Using mini XP CD: this method select windows especially if the window is not activated.
3. Using password resetter CD: this method select windows especially if the window is not
activated and also after cracked the password of the user it disables the account.
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1. Spotmau CD :
Step to crack password of windows user account using spotmau CD:

1. Insert “spotmau CD to the PC”

2. Restart “the PC”
3. Press” F12 (i.e for booting from the CD)”
4. Select “ on board or USB-CD-ROM drive”
5. Select “boot from bootSuite”
6. Click on “password and key finder”
7. Click on “admin password resetter”
8. Select “ target user”
9. Click on “reset”
10. Click on “yes”
11. Click on “ok”
12. Remove the CD
13. Restart the computer

Select
this
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 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Click on this
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Select if the computer

contains dual operating
system

Select window user

Select to reset the windows

user password
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NB: new laptops (i.e ፎርማት ተዯርገው የማያውቁ) it cannot boot from any CD (i.e mini XP, spotmau,
password resetter or any CD). So in order to boot for such types of laptops we arrange in BIOS
setting, we follow the following steps:

1. Press “F2 (i.e BIOS)”

2. Go to “security”
3. Go to “secure boot” then “press enter key”
4. Make it (select) “disable”
5. Go to “advanced”
6. Select “system configuration” then “press enter key”
7. Go to “boot mode” then press “enter key”
8. Select “CSM boot” then press “enter key”
9. Press “F10” to save the changed setting
10. Then continue the booting by inserted CD that you went based on the booting system steps

After finishing booting to restart or to open the computer you have to change the “boot mode from
CSM boot to UEFI boot”
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Make it disable
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If secure boot is enable the boot

mode is inactive (I.e color black)
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 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

When the boot secure is

disabled the boot mode is
active (i.e its color is looks like
the above)
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Select CSM boot for

booting and select UEFI
boot after finishing the
booting

2. Mini XP CD: password cracking of windows user using mini XP CD are in to two ways.
1. Using mini window 7 portable
2. Dos program

1. Using mini window 7 portable:

1. Insert “mini XP CD”
2. Restart “the PC”
3. Press “F12 (i.e for booting from CD)”
4. Select “on board or USB-CD-ROM drive”
5. Select “mini window 7 portable”
6. Open “HBCD menu icon on the desktop”
7. Go to “programs”
8. Select “password”
9. Click on “admin password resetter”
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10. Select “ target user”

11. Click on “reset”
12. Click on “yes”
13. Click on “ok”
14. Remove the CD
15. Restart the computer
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Open this icon

Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

2. Using Dos program:

1. Insert “mini XP CD”
2. Restart “the PC”
3. Press “F12 (i.e for booting from CD”
4. Select “on board or USB-CD-ROM drive”
5. Select “Dos program”
6. Press “enter key”
7. Select “password and registry tools”
8. Press “enter key”
9. Select “active password changer 3.0.420”
10. Press “enter key”
11. Three Options are displayed:
1. Choose logical drive
Select by writing the
2. Search for MS SAM database(s)
number on the your
On all hard ….
choice e.g 1
3. Exit
12. Press “enter key”
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13. Logical drive list (i.e HDD partition) e.g given below
Select by writing the number
1. 0 NTFS new volume 30549MB
on the your choice (0..2 or all)
2. 1 NTFS 10665 MB
3. 2 NTFS new volume 1200 MB e.g 0

14. Press “enter key”

15. if this partition has not password press “ESC key” to delete the second and third
partition (by writing the number 1,2 etc depend on the number of partition) but if have
a password continue from step 18 to the end step
16. select the second partition e.g [1]
17. press “enter key”
18. displays user list
19. select “by writing number of the users e.g [0, 1, 2 or 3]”
20. press “enter key”
21. press “y (indicates yes) to delete the selected user password”
22. press “enter key or any key”
23. press “ESC key”
24. after deleting of all user password go to by pressing “ESC” until to get step 10 (3. Exit)
then press this exit to open the computer
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Select “password and

registry tools… by scroll
down using down arrow key
or write 3 on enter a choice
then press Enter key (i.e
enter a choice: 3
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Choose (select) active

password changer 3.0.420
or write 2 on the choice
space the press Enter key
(i.e Enter a choice: 2)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Write 1 on your choice: (i.e [1]) to

delete or crack the windows user that
is found on “choose logical drive”

After cracked the windows user in the choose

logical drive, we press ESC key to crack
windows user in the second options (i.e 2
search for Database(s) on all hard disks and)
and write 2 in the your choice then press enter
key (i.e [2])

After cracking password of all windows

completed we press ESC key until to get
the exit option to close the task then
write 3 in the your choice then press
enter key (i.e [3]
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

To crack password of windows user created in these three partitions

write the numbers in your choice then press Enter key (i.e to crack
the first partition i.e 0, your choice: [0] enter, press ESC to return
back to the second partition your choice:[1] enter, press ESC to
return back to third partition your choice:[2] enter etc…..
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Display such type of symbol if windows

user is not found in the partition press
ESC key to return back and to continue
cracking of other partitions
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This symbol indicates there a window user

account in the partition (i.e uder searching)
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After searching completed it gets on user

account
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To crack the password write the numbers of these users then press Enter
key i.e

 [0] to crack administrator user (first user) then enter follow the instructions
 [1] to crack sat.comgg user then enter and follow the instructions
 [2] to crack MKD user then enter and follow the instructions
 [3] to crack guest user then enter and follow the instructions

 [4] to crack M user then enter and follow the instructions

 [5] to crack K user then enter and follow the instructions
 [6] to crack D user then enter and follow the instructions
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

This written box is displayed after entering in the above step press Y (short
symbol of yes) to crack the password and to save changes
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After cracking is completed for all windows user return

back to this by pressing ESC key to exit the task

3. Password resetter CD
1. Insert “password resetter CD”
2. Restart “the PC”
3. Press “F12”
4. Select “on board or USB CD- ROM drive”
5. Select “[1]”
6. Continue by reading the instruction it is very easy
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Y indicates yes

N indicates no

To crack the password of each user account

write the number of each account (1-7)

Press 0 to quit

Maintaining and troubleshooting windows

a) master boot files:
1. NTLDR ....................... error message: if this file is deleted from the computer (operating
system) it gives a notification message (error message). When we open the computer it
displays error message i.e “NTLDR is missing press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart”

NTLDR file ከኮምፒተራችን ከጠፋ ኮምፒተሩ ስንከፍተው NTLDR is missing

press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart የሚሌ message ይመጣሌ ኮምፒተሩ
ሉከፍት አይችሌም
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

This is the error

message

2. NTDETECT.COM: --------------restart : NTDETECT.COM ከኮምፒተራች ከጠፋ ኮምፒተርኡ on ስናዯርገው

logo (brand(like toshiba, dell, hp etc....)) በማሳየት restart ያዯርጋሌ ግን አይከፍትም

BIOS setting error (ATA and AHCI) also causes rstart we dfferentiate the cause when the
computer restarts to matain the problem. BIOS setting display up window logo then it backs to restart.
Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

እነዚህ ፋይልች ከጠፉ

ምሌክታቸው ማወቅ አንችሌም
ነገር ግን በsecond
repaire መመሇስ እንችሊሇን
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

How to show master boot files (ntldr, ntdetect.com and others)

1. Open “my computer”

2. Open “local disc (i.e operating system የተጫነበት”)
3. Go to “tools“
4. Select “folder options”
5. Click on “view”
6. Deselect (unmark) “do not show hidden files
Select (mark) “show hiden files”
Deselect (unmark) “hide empty drives in the computer folder”
Deselect (unmark)“hide extension for known file types”
7. Click on “apply”
8. Click “ok”
9. Then displays the master boot files

NB: master boot file are stored in the system reserved partition (8MB)
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Deselect
(unmark
)

Select (mark)

Deselect (unmark)

How to repaire master boot files in window XP

Master boot file in window XP can be repair in to two ways:

1. First repair: it takes 2-3 minutes and during repairing application, data or file is not deleted.
Backup is not needed.
2. Second repairing: it takes up to 30 minute’s i.e the time taken for formatting and application,
data or file is not deleted during repairing. Backup is not needed.

First repair of master boot files (ntldr, ntdetect.com, …..etc) in window XP

Requirements during first repairing:

1. Lost file name： identify the lost file either ntldr or ntdetec.om
2. Source (CD drive letter): repaire ስናዯርግ map ብሇን በመጻፍ CD drive letter እናውቀዋሇን ዝርዝሩ ከታች
ተመሌከት
3. Destination (operating system የተጫነበት ቦታ): during repairing the command identiyies or select
the operating system partition. ዝርዝሩ ከታች ተመሌከት
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

1. Insert “window XP CD”

2. Restart the “PC”
3. Press “F12” i.e booting system
4. Press “any key”
5. Enter -------- to continue

R-------------- to first repair Press “R”

F3-------------- to quite

6. 1 C:\windows This indicates the operating system is installed so the lost file is also
in this window. If the computer have dual operating system it displays
two windows (i.e C:\window D:\window （C and D የሚለ ፊዯልች ሉቀየሩ
ይችሊለ መያዝ ያሇብን letter:\windows የሚሌ ከመጣ operating system የተጫነበት
መሆኑ ያሳየናሌ master boot ፋይሌም እዛ ነው እሚቀመጡ）

Indicates windows number e.g if the PC contains dual OS

1 C:\windows letter ግን ሉቀያየር ይችሊሌ

2 D:\windows

7. write “windows number” and press “enter key”

8. write “password”
1. Password ካወቅነው መጻፍ and press “enter key”
2. ከላሇው press “enter key”
3. ካሊወቅነው password መስበር （using spotmau or mini XP or
password resetter) (ሁሇት ጊዜ enter ብንሇው computeru
shutdown ይሆናሌ ከዛ spotmau በማስገባት መስበር ከዛ repair መጀመር

9. C: windows “map” then press “enter key”

Write “map”

Used to identify CD letter (map ብሇን ከጻፍ በኋሊ enter ስሌሇው

CD drive letter display ያዯርግሌናሌ
 Prepared by: MF source from Getesh (satcom)

Press “Back space key”

10. Write “copy[ ]E:\i386\lost file[ ]C:\” then press “Enter key”

CD drive letter Write lost file i.e NTLDR Destination (operating system የተጫነበት ቦታ）
NB: ፊዯለ(E) or NTDETECT.COM
ሉቀያየር ይችሊሌ NB: ፊዯለ ሉቀያየር ይችሊሌ

11. 1(one) files copied የሚሌ ይመጣሌ

12. Write “exit”

Window number

Write 1(window number)

then press enter

Destination
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Write password if you have or if you otherwise break

or crack it then press enter
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Write “ map” then press “enter key”

Displays the CD drive

letter i.e D
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Write this

Back
CD drive Destination
space
letter

Back space

Lost file
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Write “exit” to finish

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2. second repair
1. Boot from window XP CD

2. Press any key

3. Press ”enter key”

4. Press “F8”

5. ESC----------Don’t repair

R------------second repair
Press “R”
6. Click on “next”

7. Write “product key of window XP”

8. Click “next”

9. Click “ok”

10. Click “cancel”

GUI (Graphical User Interface) loading failure

1. Explorer.exe--------------------no desktop icon. Explorer.exe file ከኮምፒተራች ከጠፋ ኮምፒተሩ ይከፍታሌ
ነገር ግን desktop icons display አይሆ ኑም:: (no desktop icons are display in the desktop)

To see explorer.exe file:

 Press “Ctrl Alt Delete”

 Select “process” End process ሊይ click ካዯረግን
 Click on “explorer.exe” explorer.exe file ትጠፋሇች
 Click “End process”

 Press “Ctrl Alt Delete”

 Select “task manager”
 Click “details” For window 8
 Then displays “explorer.exe”
 Right click “on the explorer.exe”
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How can we repair or fix explorer.exe file: can be repair by first and second repair

First repair for explorer.exe:

 Press “Ctrl Alt Delete”

 Select “Application”
For window XP
 Go to “New task”
 Write “explorer.exe” on the given space
 Click “Ok”
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 Press “Ctrl + Alt + Delete”

 Select “task manager”
For window 8
 Go to “file”
 Select “run new task”
 Write “explorer.exe
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Write “explorer.exe”

Second repair for explorer.exe

1. Boot from window XP CD

2. Press any key

3. Press ”enter key”

4. Press “F8”

5. ESC----------Don’t repair

R------------second repair
Press “R”
6. Click on “next”

7. Write “product key of window XP”

8. Click “next”

9. Click “ok”
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10. Click “cancel”

ኮምፒተራች Explorer.exe
ካሇው desktop icons ያሳየናሌ

If explorer.exe file is deleted from the

computer no desktop icons are displayed

2. Userinit.exe ------------- log off. Userinite.exe file ከኮምፒተራች ከጠፋ ኮምፒተሩ ካበራነው በኋሊ user ይዯርስ
እና usser password አስገብተን enter ስንሇው ኮምፒተሩ ይከፍትእና ወዴያዉኑ (with in seconds) log off (ወዯ user)
ይመሇሳሌ:: ይሄ file ራሳችን ሳናቅ ካጠፋነው ተመሌሶ ሉመጣ ይችሊሌ virus ካጠፋን ግን ሉመሌስ አይችሌም ስሇዚ በsecond
rapair ነው መመሇስ እሚቻሇው

Userinit.exe location (to see userinit.exe file)

 Open “my computer”

 Go to “local disk (OS)
 open “Windows “
 open “system 32”
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 see or search the file (userinit.exe)

Repair of userinit.exe file: can be repair by second repair method

1. Boot from window XP CD

2. Press any key

3. Press ”enter key”

4. Press “F8”

5. ESC----------Don’t repair

R------------second repair
Press “R”
6. Click on “next”

7. Write “product key of window XP”

8. Click “next”

9. Click “ok”

10. Click “cancel”

Windows commands

1. Msconfig: used to disable application that is run together during opening (startup) the
computer. ኮምፒተር ስንከፍት አንዴአንዴ application አብሮ run ያዯርጋለ እና የኮምፒተራች speed ይቀንሳሌ ስሇዚ
ይሄን ችግር በ msconfig ማስወገዴ እንችሊሇን::
2. Gpedit.msc: to hide files (ሇሊ ሰው እንዲይከፍትሌን የፈሇግነው application or file ምንዯብቅበት system ነው::
ሇምሳላ control panel ገብቶው application uninstall እንዲያዯርግ እና ላልች hide ማዴረግ የምንፈሌገዉን ነገሮች
የምንዯብቅበት system ነው
3. Regedit: used to modify processer name
4. Dxdiag: used to to check CPU specification in window XP operating system
5. Services.msc : used to send message and net meeting.

1. Msconfig: used to
 Disable running applications during startup (startup)
 To set default operating system in a computer that have dual operating
system (boot int)
 to enter by safe mode (doesn’t run antiviruses) specially for window 7, 8
etc (safe mode (F8))
Saf boot in window 8
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1. Go to “start”
2. Go to “run”
3. Write “msconfig”
For window XP
4. Click “ok”
5. Select “startup”

1. Press

2. Write “msconfig”
3. Select “startup” to disable running apps and select “boot” for safe boot (safe mode) and boot int
(to set operating system)
4. Click on “Open task manager” to disable running application
5. Right click on “the application that you went to disable”
6. Click “disable”
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2. Gpedit.msc
1. Press

2. Write “gpedit.msc”
3. Select “ok”
4. Select “user configuration”
5. open “administrative templates”
6. double right click on the file that you went to hide
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Open
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Double click on the folders that you went to hide e.g let me
select control panel then select remove or add programs
(generally that you went to hide)
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Select this to
disable

Select this to enable (to hide)

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e.g let me hide “run”

To return

1. open my computer
2. open local disc(OS)
3. go to windows
4. select “system 32”
5. click “gpedit.msc”
6. then disable ”run” OR

1. all programs
2. accessories
3. command prompt
4. write”gpedit.msc”
5. Then disable “run”
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Operate application software

These are

1. Power iso
2. Deep freeze
3. Recovery data
4. Tune up
5. Norton ghost

1. Power iso:

Uses of power iso:

 Power iso used to make image file

Follow the following steps to make image file

1. Open power iso

2. Go to “tools”
3. Select “make CD/DVD/BD image file”
4. select

iso
5. select “destination”
6. click “ok”
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Select DVD (CD)

Select “.iso file”

Select
destination

 power iso used to make USB bootable (USB አሊነበውም ካሇ power iso በadministrator
መክፈት አሇብን)

To make USB bootable follow the following steps

1. open power iso

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2. go to “tools”
3. select “create bootable USB drive”
4. select “source file”
5. click “start”
6. click “ok”

NB. To make USB bootable first must have an image file

Select image file

(source file)

USB

Click “start”
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Flas አስገብተን ሳያነብብ

እንዱህ ካመጣሌን power
iso ሊይ right click
በማዴረግ run as
administrator ማሇት
አሇብን ከዛ ያነበዋሌ

 power iso used to burn

1. insert empty CD
2. open power iso
3. select “burn”
4. insert “your file “
5. click “burn”
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Select
file
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 Power iso used to make folder image file

1. Right click on your folder
2. select power iso
3. click “add to image file”
4. select “.iso file”
5. select “destination”
6. click “ok”

Select this

Select
destination
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Deep freeze: is an application which allows system administrators to protect

the core operating system and configuration files on a workstation or server by restoring a computer
back to its original configuration each time the computer restarts.

How to install deep freeze

Before installing the software first check the compatibility. To check compatibility

1. right click on deep freeze software

2. select “properties”
3. go to compatibility
4. select (thik) “run this program in compatibility mode for”
5. click “apply”
6. click “ok” 2

1. Right click on the

deep freeze
software

3. Select “this box”

4
5
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This message is displayed if the

compatibility is not selected

To install Deep freeze

1. check the compatibility by the steps

2. double click on the deep freeze software or right click on the software then run as administrator
3. Select “volume (partition) to freeze: ie. Select the volume that contain operating system but not
volume that contain data
4. click “install”
5. select “I accept”
6. click “next”
7. then restart the PC by itself

All datas i.e

 Download Are deleted after restart

 My document the PC
 My music
 Local disc (OS)
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2. Select this i.e OS

1. Do not select
this volume
or partition

3. Click

4. Select this Select “next”

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To enable and disable deep freeze

1. press “shift key + double click on deep freeze icon on desktop”
2. write “password if you went” the click “ok”
3. select “boo frozen-----to enable”

select “boot thawed-----to disable”

Double click on the icon

Shift key +

Write password if you went

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Select “boot frozen to

enable”

Select this To
disable

To uninstall deep freeze

1. disable the deep freeze

2. restart the PC
3. check the compatibility
It is impossible to uninstall deep freeze
4. double click on the software
using control panel
5. select “uninstall”
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Recovery data
Data can be recovered by
1. recovery my file software It recovers the whole file (best recovery way)
2. mini XP CD
It recovers photo
Recover my file software

1. install the recovery my file software

2. open the software
3. select “fast format recover” or “complete format recover
4. select “the drives i.e local disc (OS), local disc (D), USB flash, mobile, external HDD etc
5. Continue by reading……..
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Select one of them

Select the drive

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Recover data using mini XP

1. Boot from mini XP CD
2. Open the CD
3. Go to “programs”
4. Select “recovery”
5. Select “from the listed options”
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Window 7
In window 7 there are two technologies

1. X86 (32 bit): for single core

2. X64 (64 bit): for double core

Edition of window 7

1. Window 7 starter: it accepts only 32 bit

2. Window 7 home premium
3. Window 7 professional
4. Window 7 home basic It accepts 32 and 64 bit
5. Window 7 enterprise
6. Window 7 ultimate

Requirements to install window 7

1. X86 (32 bit): to install x86 (32 bit) in the computer the following requirements should be full fill
 CPU--------------------- a minimum of 1 GHz
 RAM---------------------a minimum of 1 GB
 HDD----------------------a minimum of 15 GB
 ODD----------------------- DVD / USB flash የሚቀበሌ መሆን አሇበት
2. X86 (64 bit): to install x64 (64 bit) in the computer the following requirements should be full fill
 CPU--------------------- a minimum of 2 GHz
 RAM---------------------a minimum of 2 GB
 HDD----------------------a minimum of 16 GB
 ODD----------------------- DVD / USB flash የሚቀበሌ መሆን አሇበት

How to install window 7

1. Boot from window 7 CD or USB flash
2. Press any key (it asks for CD , for USB it may ask or no ask)
3. Click “next” (language)
4. Click “install now”
5. Select “ X86 (32 bit) ultimate
“X64 (64 bit) ultimate
6. Click “next”
7. I accept
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8. Click “next”
Select “custom” during installing of W7
9. Select “upgrade”
“Custom”
10. Select “drive option” to delete partition
11. Click “next”
12. Write “computer name”
13. Complete by reading the information it is easy

NB: window 7 ስንጭን F12 key የማይሰራ ካጋጠመን BIO በመግባት boot ማዴረግ እንችሊሇን:: step እንመሌከት

1. press F2 (BIOS)
2. go to “boot sequence”
3. it displays four options
1. on board or USB CD-ROM drive
2. on board SATA hard drive
3. USB device
4. On board or USB floppy disk
4. Boot የምናዯርግበት device አንዯኛ ሊይ እናስቀምጠዋሇን:: ሇምሳላ ከ USB ከሆነ boot የምናዯርገው USB devoce ከ 3
ወዯ 1 ቁጥር ማስቀመጥ አሇብን::
5. Save አዴርገን እንወጣሇን ከዛ without pressing F12 boot ያዯርግሌናሌ
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Press up/down arrows to select

the drives
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Press U/D to change the device order

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Click “drive option” to

delete the partition

First select the

partition and then
click on delete

Click “New” to create new partition and then write size. Partition ከፈጠርን በኋሊ
system reserved በራሱ 100 MB ይፈጠራሌ system reserve ካሌተፈጠረ ግን መጫን ሉጭንሌን
ይችሊሌ ነገር ግን የሆነ task ሉያስቸግረን ይችሊሌ:: system reserved is created after clicking
“new” and then it gives size of one partion by defult then click apply or we
write the partition size (i.e more than one) then select apply
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Progress started
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How to show desktop icons of window 7

1. Right click on “desktop”

2. Go to “personalize”
3. Select desktop icons
4. computer
Screen resolution of window 7 is 1024 X 768 pixel
control panel

network etc…………..

5. Click “apply”
6. Click “ok”

How to create partition in window 7

1. Right click on “ computer”

2. Go to “manage”
3. Select “disc management”
4. Right click “on local disc”
5. Select “shrink volume”
6. Write “your size”
7. Click “shrink”
8. Right click on “unallocated space”
9. Select “new simple volume”
10. Click “next”
11. Click “next”
12. Click “finish”

How to backup in window 7

There are two methods backup file in window 7

1. By coping files in local disc (C) to D ------------------------- during formatting of the partition
2. Using windows old--------------------------- when delete the partition
3. Using “load drive”
4. Using “mini XP CD”--------- if the window is corrupted

Using windows old backup file

1. Boot from window 7 CD or USB flash

2. Press any key
3. Click “next”
4. Click “install”
5. Select “edition” i.e X86 or X64
6. Click on “I accept”
7. Select “custom”
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8. Select “drive option” to delete the partition

9. Click “delete”
10. Select “next”
11. Click “yes”

To open the backup files using windows old

1. Open my “computer”
2. Go to “local disc (OS)”
3. Go to “windows old”
4. Select “user”
5. Then you can get the backup file

Using “load drive”

1. Boot from window 7 DVD or USB

2. Click “next”
3. Select “repair your computer”
4. Click “load drive”
5. Copy files from local disc C (OS), my document, download, desktop etc… to local disk D (data)
6. If you need to format first rename the local disc C (OS) and local disc D then you will continue
formatting
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Repairing windows 7 boot failure

1. Boot from window 7 DVD or USB
2. Click “next”
3. Select “repair your computer”
4. Click “next”
5. It displays repair option
 Startup repair
 System restore Select from these options
 System image recovery
 Windows remove diagnostic
 Command prompt
6. If you select “command prompt”
7. Write “SFC /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\windows”
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Windows 8 (system reserve 350 MB)

Edition of window 8

1. Window 8
2. Window 8.1
3. Window 8 profession

Requirements for installing window 8

1. X86 (32 bit)

 CPU ------------------ 1 GHz
 RAM------------------ 1 GB
 HDD------------------- 15 GB
 ODD-------------------- DVD/USB flash
2. X64 (64 bit)
 CPU------------------- 2 GB
 RAM------------------ 2 GB
 HDD------------------- 16 GB
 ODD ------------------- DVD/USB flash

How to install window 8 (system reserve 340-350 MB)

1. Boot from CD/DCD or USB flash
2. Press any key (ሊይጠይቅም ይችሊሌ)
3. Click “next”
4. Click “install now”
5. Select “edition”
6. I accept

7. Click “next”
8. Select “custom or advanced”
9. Click “next”
10. Write “PC name”
11. Make it “off all option”
12. Click “next”
13. Select “local account”
14. Click “next”
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Select “skip” then after installing it must be

activate the window it make it genuine
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Select “custom or
advanced”
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2. Write “size” Displayed after

clicking “New”

System reserved
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The installation process will start at this point,

and installation should take approximately 25-30
minutes. The computer may restart several times
during the process
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Select “Don’t …… (not

recommended)

Make it “off all”

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Make it “off all”

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Make it “off all”

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How to repair (repairing windows 8 boot failure)

1. Boot from window 8 CD/DVD or USB

2. Click “next”
3. Select “repair your computer”
4. Select “troubleshoot” Select this
5. Refresh your PC ---- without losing file
Reset your PC ------with lost file
OR Back space
1. Boot from CD/DVD/USB
2. Click “next”
Please try it C, E, F if
3. Select “repair your computer”
repairing is not started
4. Select “troubleshoot”
5. Select “advanced option”
6. Select “command prompt”
7. Write “SFC /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\windows”
8. It displays “beginning system scan now”
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Select “repair your computer”

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Click on
“troubleshoot”

Other option

Select “advanced option” then

go to command prompt

Select “refresh your PC

without losing your file” then
repairing start
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Select this

Write “this command”

Change the letter

D by C, E or F in
this case by C
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ኮምፒተሩ ከፋክተሪ የወጣ （ገና format ያሌተዯረገ ከሆነ）with out inserting CD/DVD or USB repaire ማዴረግ
እንችሊሇን:: to repaire such type of computer:

1. Press “shift key + click on restart” NB. Press the shift key until it displays the option of
repair i.e
 Continue
 Troubleshoot
 Turn off your PC

2. Select “troubleshoot”
3. Select “Refresh your PC without losing your file”

OR

1. Press “shift key + click on restart” NB. Press the shift key until it displays the option of
repair i.e
 Continue
 Troubleshoot
 Turn off your PC

2. Select “troubleshoot”
3. Select “Advanced options”
4. Select “command prompt”
5. Write “SFC /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\windows”
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Shift key +
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Window 10 (system reserved 500 MB)

About window 10
Edition of window 10 Latest

1. X64 professional (pro)

2. X64 home

Requirements to install windows 10

1. X86 (32 bit)

 CPU ----------------- 1 GHz
 RAM --------------- 1 GB
 HDD ---------------- 16 GB
 ODD ---------------- DVD/USB
2. X64 (64 bit)
 CPU ---------------- 2 GHz
 RAM ---------------- 2 GB
 HDD ---------------- 20 GB
 ODD ---------------- DVD/USB

Installing window 10 operating system

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1. Boot from DVD or USB

2. Press any key (if ask)
3. Click “next”
4. Select “install now”
5. Select “edition”
6. Click “next”
7. Write “product key” i.e W269N-WFGWX-YVC9B-4J6C9
8. I accept

9. Select “custom”

10. Select “ partition, delete and create system reserved and new partition”

11. Click “next”

12. Go to “customize setting”

13. Write “PC name”

14. Make it “off all”

15. Continue simply by reading it is easy and similar with windows 8

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System reserved
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Select “customize setting”

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Make it “off all ”

Repairing windows 10 boot failure

 is the same as with window 8
1. Boot from window 10
2. Select “next”
3. Select “repair your computer”
4. Go to “troubleshoot”
5. Select “reset this PC”
6. Select “keep my files”
“Remove everything”
OR
1. from window 10
2. Select “next”
3. Select “repair your computer”
4. Go to “troubleshoot”
5. Select “advanced options”
6. Select “command prompt”
7. Write “SFC /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\windows”
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First option

Second option
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Application software compatibility troubleshooting in window 7, 8 and 10

After installed applications in these windows when we open the installed applications it displays error
message like fatal error (error opening ) in power geeze etc…… and when we install application
software’s it displays error message or other things like deep freeze etc……… so this compatibility
problem can be avoid by three ways steps:

a). Using security of the application software

1. Open my computer

2. Go to “local disc”

3. Select “program file (X86)

4. Select “the folder that contains the application software”

5. Right click “on the application software”

6. Go to “properties”

7. Select “security”

8. Click “edit”

9. Select (mark) “full control”

10. Click “apply”

11. Click on “Add”

12. Select “advanced” (or simply write on the space “everyone” then click ok)

13. Click on “find now”

14. Select “everyone”

15. Select (mark) “full control”

16. Click “apply”

17. Click “ok”

18. Click “ok”

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For window 10

For window 7 & 8 = program file

(X86)
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2
5

3. Mark

4
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6
7

9
Short way for step 6, 7, 8, 9

Write “everyone” 8

10
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11

13
12
14

b) Using “action center (W 7 & 8)” and “security and maintenance (for W 10)”
Short way 1. Right click “my computer”
2. Go to “properties”
“Right click on the 3. Select “security and maintenance for window 10” and “select “ action center
application software” then for window 7 and 8”
“go to troubleshooting” 4. Go to “trouble shooting”
5. Select “programs”
6. Click on “program compatibility troubleshooter”
7. Displays “the Program compatibility troubleshooter dialogue box” then click
“ next”
8. Select “not listed”
9. Browse the programs and click “next”
10. Select “trouble shoot program”
11. Mark (select) “I don’t see my problem listed”
12. Click “I don’t know
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13. Select “I don’t see my problem listed”

14. Select “Test the program”

For window 7 & 8

For window 10
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Select
“troubleshooting”

Click “programs”
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Click “program
compatibility”
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Select “not listed”

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Select “the application software

that hase a problem e.g spark mini
downloader
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Mark (select)
Mark (select)
i.e now
already
selected

Select (mark)
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Click “test the program

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c) Using compatibility of the application software

1. Right click on application software
2. Select “compatibility”
3. Mark (select) “run this program in compatibility mode for”
4. Click “apply and “ok”

3. Mark
(select)

4
1

How to backup in window 7, 8 and 10

1. By coping files from local disc C (OS) to local disc D (data)
2. Using windows old
3. Using mini XP CD
4. Using window 7 load drive