Advanced Signals and Systems - Extensions: Gerhard Schmidt
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vondutchlgAdvanced Signals and Systems - Extensions: Gerhard Schmidt
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vondutchlgAdvanced Signals and Systems –
Extensions
Gerhard Schmidt
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Faculty of Engineering
Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions
Contents of the Lecture
Entire Semester:
Introduction
Discrete signals and random processes
Spectra
Discrete systems
Idealized linear, shift-invariant systems
Hilbert transform
State-space description and system realizations
Extensions
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-2
Contents of this Part
Extensions
All-pass filters
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-3
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 1
Symmetry of poles and/or zeros
If some zeros or poles show certain magnitude or phase relations, special types of systems can be
created. We will start first with pairs of zeros that have the following restriction:
In a pole-zero plot we obtain the following behavior:
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-4
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 2
Symmetry of poles and/or zeros (continued)
If we look at the magnitudes of both zero contributions we obatin:
… derivation on the blackboard …
For the phase of the connection of both zeros we get:
(affin) linear with respect to the normalized frequency!
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-5
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 3
Symmetry of poles and/or zeros (continued)
Now we have a look at pole-zero combinations that exhibit the following relation:
In pole-zero plots those combinations look like this:
Be aware that stability has to be ensured, meaning that all poles have to be inside
the unit circle and thus all zeros must be outside of it!
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-6
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 4
Symmetry of poles and/or zeros (continued)
For the magnitudes we get:
Less important are here the phase relations. The magnitude relation that is shown before, however,
leads to a constant magnitude contribution of the pole-zero combination (not dependent on
frequency).
Systems with such a pole-zero relation exhibit a constant magnitude frequency response. They
are called all-pass systems, since all frequency can pass such a system with the same gain.
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-7
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 5
Minimum-phase Systems
If a system has all its zeros within the unit circle
it is called a minimum-phase system.
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-8
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 6
Maximum-phase Systems
Systems that have all zeros outside the unit circle
are called maximum-phase systems.
Consequence: Stable all-pass filters are
maximum-phase systems.
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-9
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 7
Mixed-phase Systems
Systems with zeros inside and outside the unit circle are called mixed-phase systems. They can be
decomposed into a minimum-phase system and an all-pass system.
For the magnitude frequency response we get:
The additional poles and zeros in compensate with the corresponding poles
and zeros of the all-pass system after cascading both systems.
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-10
Extensions
All-Pass Filters – Part 8
Mixed-phase Systems (continued)
Example of a mixed-phase system:
Please determine the minimum-phase and the all-pass part of the system!
Solution on the blackboard (after individual trials first)
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-11
Extensions
Contents of the Extension Part
This part:
All-pass filters
No next part – that’s it …
Enjoy applying your new
knowledge – in the
upcoming lectures,
during a lab, while
working on your thesis
and most importantly
during your profession
as an engineer.
The DSS team
Digital Signal Processing and System Theory | Advanced Signals and Systems | Extensions Slide VIII-12
