Quiz No. 4

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Department of Mechanical Engineering

BS Mechanical Engineering
Fall 2020

Subject: Pakistan Studies Quiz No. 4


Resources Person: Muhammad Ishaq email: v30888@umt.edu.pk

Name M Fahad Butt


Roll No. F2019134038
Section D

1. What was the main objective of Pakistan Foreign Policy after


independence in 1947 explain with some examples?

The blue-print of Pakistan’s foreign policy was made by Quaid when he said,
“Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of
the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation.
We believe in the principal of honesty and fair play in national and
international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the
promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan
will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the
oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world and in upholding the principles
of the United Nations charter”

To acheive it, The first and foremost priority of Pakistan Foreign Policy was to
make Pakistan part of United Nations Organization. Muslim Nations like Iran
obviously used their influence on World stage to help Pakistan but a major
setback was suffered by Pakistan, when a fellow Muslim country having longest
border with Pakistan refused to accept Pakistan. Afghanistan not only voted
against Pakistan’s membership in United Nations Organization but also passed
resolution against Pakistan. The disagreement was over Durand line which was
a border agreed upon by Afghans and British in 19th century. However,
Afghanistan wanted the entire land where Pushtuns lived. This created tensions
between two Muslim neighboring countries. However, the Afghan’s effort went
in vein and Pakistan became part of United Nations Organization. The Goal was
achieved.

Pakistan was born right after the World War 2. The Allied countries turned out
to be victorious against their enemies. However, the tussle between Russia and
USA started another Cold war right after World War 2. Most of the countries in
the World were forging alliances with either of the two Cold war players, USA
or USSR. Pakistan however, decided to stay neutral on International stage and
promote peace and stability in the World.

Another Major part of Pakistan’s foreign policy was to establish cordial


relationships with Muslim countries. Pakistan was a state based on Islamic
ideology so it was natural that Pakistan establish relations with Muslim
countries and also support Islamic causes internationally like that of Palestine.
Pakistan adopted a very strict stance against creation of Israel in Middle East.
However Pakistan was disappointed in this area by it’s fellow Muslim countries.
Where Afghanistan rejected Pakistan’s independence, Malaysia and Egypt felt
worried by the efforts of Pakistan for the unification of Muslim Ummah thus
were cautious. Despite the struggles, Pakistan managed to cultivate cordial
relationships with Iran, Turkey and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Pakistan in short, continued it’s neutral policy on International stage and also
promoted unity among Muslim Nations. It also supported Palestine Cause
furiously on International stage. The early years of Pakistan’s foreign policy are
marked with great ups and downs. But in the end, Pakistan managed to achieve
it’s objectives overall.

2. Write about circumstances which required Pakistan to join TWO


organizations in Foreign Policy phase 1953 to 1962?
Pakistan was not a strong economic Nation by birth. The massive burden
of refugees from India pushed Pakistan to the brink of collapse. In fact,
The Indians were quite confident that Pakistan will soon collapse. Adding
insult to injury, the war of 1948 further weakened the Pakistani
economy. Pakistan lacked a proper military as well as military hardware.
India on the other hand had very well established Army and arms
foundries. India indeed was the strongest military power in the region.
And the Indian cannon was always facing Pakistani side. Modern Military
hardware was necessary to tackle the Indian threat. Pakistan used to
import this military hardware which put a huge pressure on already
crumbling economy of Pakistan. In coming year Pakistan would also face
famines and food shortages resulting in chaos. To face Indian aggression
and stabilize it’s economy, Pakistan desperately needed an ally. USA
turned out to be one such option.
After the Korean war, Pakistan openly condemned North Korea for its
aggression. Pakistan also had tilt towards American policies on
International stage. But, USA wanted an alliance with India but was
refused as India had already chosen to be in Soviet block. The refusal of
India and the tilt of Pakistan towards USA forced American Policy makers
to consider an alliance with Pakistan rather than pro-soviet India. The
result was a mutual defence assistance agreement signed in 1954 with
USA.
As China also fell into the hands of the aggressive pro-soviet Communists,
Pakistan became even more worried about it’s future. On Western border
was a pro-soviet India and now in Northern border, a pro-Soviet China.
The Chinese also were favorable towards India. The statement, “Hindi
Chini Bhai Bhai” was Indian favorite at the time. The alliance of India
and China would have put Pakistan between two of the most aggressive
regional powers. Therefore Pakistan needed an external alliance of itself
to help cope with the ever increasingly worrying situation. The situation
was so desperate, that even though SEATO offered no military action
against India in case of Indian aggression towards Pakistan, Pakistan
joined the alliance to get the military aid from USA.

The SEATO was made by the USA for the purpose to create deterrence to
communism.
Anthony Eden also invited these countries to join the conference and talk on
the defense of the region but there was opposition from the neutral Asian
countries because of which only Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan could be
persuaded to join the SEATO. However, SEATO did not help Pakistan in 1965
war against India. This hurted the trust Pakistan had in SEATO. SEATO also
didn’t come to the rescue of Pakistan in 1971 and therefore Pakistan withdrew
from SEATO in 1971.

CENTO was signed in 1955 with headquarters in Baghdad and later in Ankara
Turkey. Pakistan signed it with same goals as it joined SEATO with, that were
to deter India mainly and being future-proof of any aggression from Chinese
side. Other countries Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Britain were also part of the
treaty because their own interests. Like SEATO, CENTO also proved fruitless for
Pakistan in terms of India. CENTO countries did not help Pakistan in both major
wars with India. After Iranian revolution, Pakistan also left the CENTO and this
proved to be death of the treaty

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