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    Brain Map Alternatng Current PDF

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    YASH PRANESH
    1) The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it differs from direct current by changing continuously in magnitude and periodically reversing direction. 2) Key concepts covered include how AC voltage and current are related for circuits with inductors, capacitors, and resistors, including the concepts of phase difference and impedance. 3) Transformers are discussed as a means to change AC voltages and currents, including the relationships between voltages, currents, and turns ratios for step-up and step-down transformers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Brain Map Alternatng Current PDF

    Uploaded by

    YASH PRANESH
    68 views2 pages
    1) The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it differs from direct current by changing continuously in magnitude and periodically reversing direction. 2) Key concepts covered include how AC voltage and current are related for circuits with inductors, capacitors, and resistors, including the concepts of phase difference and impedance. 3) Transformers are discussed as a means to change AC voltages and currents, including the relationships between voltages, currents, and turns ratios for step-up and step-down transformers.

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    BRAIN_MAP_ALTERNATNG_CURRENT_(1).pdf

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    1) The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it differs from direct current by changing continuously in magnitude and periodically reversing direction. 2) Key concepts covered include how AC voltage and current are related for circuits with inductors, capacitors, and resistors, including the concepts of phase difference and impedance. 3) Transformers are discussed as a means to change AC voltages and currents, including the relationships between voltages, currents, and turns ratios for step-up and step-down transformers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views2 pages

    Brain Map Alternatng Current PDF

    Uploaded by

    YASH PRANESH
    1) The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it differs from direct current by changing continuously in magnitude and periodically reversing direction. 2) Key concepts covered include how AC voltage and current are related for circuits with inductors, capacitors, and resistors, including the concepts of phase difference and impedance. 3) Transformers are discussed as a means to change AC voltages and currents, including the relationships between voltages, currents, and turns ratios for step-up and step-down transformers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    BRAIN MAP ALTERNATNG CURRENT

    Transformer
    Alternating Current
     Transformer ratios
    Current which changes 𝜀𝑆 𝐼𝑃 𝑁𝑆
    continuously in magnitude and = =𝑁 =𝑘
    𝜀𝑃 𝐼𝑆 𝑃
    periodically in direction  Efficiency of
    transformer,ɳ =
    𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝜺 𝑰
    = 𝜺 𝑺 𝑰𝑺
    𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑷 𝑷
    Alternating voltage 𝜀 = 𝜀0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡
    Applied across inductor
    Applied across Applied across resistor
    capacitor

    Alternating voltage Current lags behind


    is in phase with the voltage by a phase
    current angle of 𝜋/2.
    Current leads the voltage 𝐼 = 𝜀⁄𝑅 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜋/2);
    by a phase angle of 𝜋/2. 𝜀0
    𝐼0 = = 𝜀0 /𝜔𝐿
    𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜋/2); 𝑋𝐿
    𝜀0 Combining
    𝐼0 = = 𝜔𝐶𝜀0 LCR in
    𝑋𝐶
    series Step-up transformer
    𝜺𝑺 > 𝜺𝑷 , 𝑰𝑺 < 𝑰𝑷 and
     𝜀 = 𝜀0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡, 𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜑), 𝑵𝑺 > 𝑵𝑷
    Impedance of the circuit: 𝑍 =
    √𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2; Step-down
    Power in ac circuit
     Phase difference between current transformer
    𝑋𝐿 −𝑋𝐶
    Average power (𝑃𝑎𝑣 ) and voltage is 𝜑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 𝜺𝑺 < 𝜺𝑷 , 𝑰𝑺 > 𝑰𝑷 and
    𝑅
    𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝜀𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑  For 𝑋𝐿 > 𝑋𝐶 , 𝜑 is +ve 𝑵𝑺 < 𝑵𝑷
    𝜀0 𝐼0 (Predominantly inductive)
    = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑  For 𝑋𝐿 < 𝑋𝐶 , 𝜑 is -ve
    2
    (Predominantly capacitive)

    Resonant series LCR circuit


    Power factor When 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 , 𝑍 = 𝑅,
    𝑅 current becomes maximum.
     Power factor 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 𝑍
    1
     In pure resistive circuit, 𝜑 = 00 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 1 Resonant frequency 𝜔𝑟 =
    √𝐿𝐶
     In purely inductive or capacitive circuit
    𝜋
    𝜑 = ± 2 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 0
     In series LCR circuit, At resonance, 𝑋𝐿 = Quality factor
    𝑋𝐶 It is a measure of sharpness
     Therefore, 𝑍 = 𝑅 and 𝜑 = 00 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 1 1 𝐿
    of resonance 𝑄 = 𝑅 √𝐶

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