MSS 111tutorial2 PDF

MSS 111 SEM 1 2020/2021 1
Mzumbe University
Faculty of Science and Technology
MSS 111:Foundational Analysis
Tutorial sheet 2.
Predicates and Quantifiers
1. Consider the following statements
a) All students are intelligent.

b) Some students are intelligent.
c) No students are intelligent. Rewrite these sentences and hence symbolize them using
predicates and quantifiers.
2. Translate these statements into English, where C(x) is “x is a comedian”and F (x) is “x is

funny”and the domain consists of all people.
a) ∀x[C(x) → F (x)]
b) ∀x[C(x) ∧ F (x)]
c) ∃x[C(x) → F (x)]
d) ∃x[C(x) ∧ F (x)]
3. Translate the following sentence into symbolic form and indicate its domain. “If every integer
is odd then every integer is even”.
4. Find the English negation of the sentence in question 3 above.
5. Which of the following quantifiers are true or false, where domain consists of real numbers.
Prove your answer.
a) ∃x|1 − sin2 x < 0

b) ∃x|x2 + 2x + 1 < 0
c) ∀x|x2 + x1 > 0
6. Let x ∈ D = {1, 2, 3, . . .}, then p(x)|x is even, q(x)|x is divisible by 3 and r(x)|x is divisible by 4.
What is the truth value of
a) ∃x|p(x) → q(x) (c) ∀x|q(x) → q(x + 1) (e) ∀x|r(x) → r(x + 4)

b) ∀x|r(x) → p(x) (d) ∃x|q(x) → q(x + 1)
√
7. Given that P (x, y)| x − y > 1, and the domain for x and y consists of all real numbers.
Determine the truth value of
MSS 111 SEM 1 2020/2021 2
a) ∃x∃yP (x, y) (c) ∀x∃yP (x, y) (e) ∃y∀xP (x, y)

b) ∀x∃yP (x, y) (d) ∃x∀yP (x, y) (f ) ∀y∀xP (x, y).
8. What is the truth value of (a) ∀x∃y(sin(x+y) ≥ 0) and (b) ∃y∀x(sin(x+y) ≥ 0), where domain
for x and y consists of all real numbers.
9. Find the truth value of (a) ∀y∀x|x2 + y 2 > xy and (b) ∀y∀x|x2 + y 2 ≥ xy, where the domain
for x and y consists of all real numbers.
10. Given that P (x, y)|x2 − y ≥ 0. What is the truth value of ∀y∀xP (x, y), where D ∈ R2 .
11. In the specification of a system for booking theatre seats, B(p, s) denotes the predicate “person
p has booked seat s”. Write the following sentences in symbolic form:
(a) Seat s has been booked.

(b) Person p has booked a (that is, at least one) seat.
(c) All the seats are booked.
(d) No seat is booked by more than one person.
12. Given a two place predicate Q(x, y)|x + y = 0. Are the quantifications ∃y∀xQ(x, y) and
∀x∃yQ(x, y) logically equivalent?
13. When is the quantification ∃y∀xQ(x, y) and ∀x∃yQ(x, y) said to be (a) true? and (b) false?
14. What is the truth value of (a) ∀x∃y sin(x + y) ≥ 0? (b) ∃y∀x sin(x + y) ≥ 0?
15. Let x and y be real numbers. The statement ∀x∀y[x2 + y 2 > xy] is false. Proof.
16. Is the statement ∀x∀y[x2 + y 2 ≥ xy] true?
17. Let x and y be real numbers. Determine if this statement is true or false and prove the
conclusion.
8yx
∀y∃x[ > 2]
x2 + 2
18. Translate into English the following statement: ∀x∀y[(x > 0) ∧ (y < 0) → (xy < 0)]
19. Let P (x, y) be the statement “x + y = y + x”. What are the truth values of the quantifications
∀x∀yP (x, y) and ∀y∀xP (x, y), where the domain for all variables consists of all real numbers?
20. Let Q(x, y) denote “x + y = 0”. What are the truth values of the quantifications ∃y∀xQ(x, y)
and ∀x∃yQ(x, y), where the domain for all variables x and y consists of all real numbers?
21. Let P (x, y, z) be the statement “x + y = z”. What are the truth values of the statements
∀x∀y∃zP (x, y, z) and ∃z∀x∀yP (x, y, z), where the domain for all variables consists of all real
numbers?
MSS 111 SEM 1 2020/2021 3
22. Translate the statement “The sum of two positive integers is always positive”into a logical
expression.
23. Translate the statement “Every real number except zero has a multiplicative inverse”.
24. Translate the statement ∀x[C(x) ∨ ∃x(C(y) ∧ F (x, y))] into English, where C(x) is “x has a
computer ”, F (x, y) is “x and y are friends”and the domain for both variables consists of all
Mzumbe University students.
25. Translate the statement ∃x∀y∀z[(F (x, y) ∧ F (x, z) ∧ (y 6= z)) → ¬F (y, z)], into English, where
F (a, b) means “a and b”are friends and the domain for x, y and z consists of all students in
F ST .
26. Express the statement “ If a person is female and is a parent, then this person is someone’s
mother ”as a logical expression involving predicates, quantifiers and logical connectives with a
domain consisting of all people.
27. Express the statement “Everyone has exactly one best friend ”as a logical expression involving
predicates, quantifiers and logical connectives with a domain consisting of all people.
28. Express the negation of the statement ∀x∃y(xy = 1) so that no negation precedes a quantifier.
29. Use quantifiers to express the statement that “There does not exist a woman who has taken a
flight on every airline in the world ”.

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MSS 111 SEM 1 2020/2021 1

Predicates and Quantifiers

1. Consider the following statements

a) All students are intelligent.

2. Translate these statements into English, where C(x) is “x is a comedian”and F (x) is “x is

4. Find the English negation of the sentence in question 3 above.

a) ∃x|1 − sin2 x < 0

a) ∃x|p(x) → q(x) (c) ∀x|q(x) → q(x + 1) (e) ∀x|r(x) → r(x + 4)

a) ∃x∃yP (x, y) (c) ∀x∃yP (x, y) (e) ∃y∀xP (x, y)

(a) Seat s has been booked.

16. Is the statement ∀x∀y[x2 + y 2 ≥ xy] true?

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