DC – DC CONVERTER INTEGRATED WITH VOLTAGE

MULTIPLIER FOR HIGH VOLTAGE GAIN

Mrs. S.Benisha1 Mrs. D.Lakshmi2 Dr. Zahira.R3 Mrs.G.Ezhilarasi4

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
1,2,3,4
Department of EEE
1,2
Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai -600123.
3
Tagore Engineering College, Chennai-600048.
4
Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai-600044.

marine parts etc.A photovoltaic system, or solar PV power

Abstract-Power generation from solar PV has long been seen as a system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar
clean sustainable energy technology which draws upon the power by the means of the photovoltaic.
planet’s most plentiful and widely distributed renewable energy
Worldwide growth of photovoltaics has been fitting an
source – the sun. The high-voltage gain converter is widely
exponential curve for more than two decades. During this
employed in many industry applications, such as photovoltaic
period of time, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV,
systems, fuel cell systems, electric vehicles, and high-intensity has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale
discharge lamps. DC converters has major significance in the applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity
renewable grid -connected power applications because of the low source. When solar PV systems were first recognized as a
voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. In order to connect them to the promising renewable energy technology, programs, such as
grid the voltage level has to be adjusted according to the electrical feed-in tariffs, were implemented by a number of
standards in the countries. Regular small scale photovoltaic (PV) governments in order to provide economic incentives for
cells do not provide enough high voltage. These systems generate investments. For several years, growth was mainly driven by
low output voltage which is not suitable for grid connected power Japan and pioneering European countries. As a consequence,
applications. As a result, a high voltage gain converter is essential. cost of solar declined significantly due to improvements in
By using traditional boost converters, we cannot achieve the technology and economies of scale, even more so when
required high voltage gain, even with an extreme duty cycle. production of solar cells and modules started to ramp up in
Therefore modified SEPIC converter is proposed in this paper for China. Since then, deployment of photo voltaics is gaining
achieving high voltage gain by voltage multipliers. The voltage momentum on a worldwide scale, particularly in Asia but also
multiplier helps to enhance the voltage gain. This converter has in North America and other regions, where solar PV is now
the advantages of simple circuitry, reduced size, and low cost. The increasingly competing with conventional energy sources as
proposed topology is able to produce a voltage gain 7 times as that grid parity has already been reached in about 30 countries.
of input voltage at 97% efficiency.
It comprises of an collection of several collections.
Including solar panel to absorb and control sunlight into
electricity, a solar inverter to modify the electric current from
I. INTRODUCT ION DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical
accessories to set up a working system. The combination of
Global energy consumption tends to grow continuous ly. PV with dc-dc converters are now widely used in many
To satisfy the demand for electric power against a background applications. A dc-dc boost converter is required to improve
of the depletion of conventional, fossil resources the renewable the low voltage at the PV cell into the high voltage at dc load.
energy sources are becoming more popular. According to the
researches despite its fluctuating nature and weather II. EASE OF USE
dependency the capacity of renewable resources can satisfy
A. Conventional boost converter[7-10], employed in these
overall global demand for energy. The international investments
applications have several advantages such as simple structure,
and R&D efforts are focused on reduction of Renewable energy
continuous input current, and reduced switch voltage stress,
production cost. Photovoltaic energy[10] represents one of the
but it is very difficult to obtain high voltage conversion ratio
most efficient and effective alternative renewable energy
and high efficiency simultaneously .This is due to the
sources for many applications, such as Space satellites, remote
existence of parasitic resistances, which leads to inherent
radio communications, boost stations and
degradation in the step-up ratio and efficiency as the operating
duty cycle increases.

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 21

 the input), using a series capacitor to couple energy from the
input to the output and being capable of true shutdown: when
B. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications the switch is turned off, its output drops to 0 V, following a
fairly hefty transient dump of charge.
In this paper, the topology employing modified SEPIC
converter integrated with voltage multiplier is presented
which increases static gain equal or higher than 7 times
with reduced switch voltage. Apart from the conventional
topology the new topology has more desired
Characteristics. In the conventional topology hard switching
operation is used. Due to several disadvantages of such
operation, they cause extreme switching as well as
conduction losses. By implementing soft switching
techniques, such losses can be decreased significantly.

The step-up stage normally is the critical point for the design of
high efficiency converters due to the operation with high input Figure 1 Circuit of SEPIC Converter
current and high output voltage, thus a careful study must be done
in order to define the topology for a high step - up applications. This paper presents the idea of implementing the SEPIC
Some classical converters with magnetic coupling as fly back or converter with voltage multiplier using matlab software. After
current-fed push-pull converter can easily achieve high step-up the system is built and simulated , the result is analyzed and
voltage gain. However, the power transformer volumes are a performance parameters are analyzed such as voltage gain and
problem for the development of a compact converter. The energy of efficiency.
the transformer leakage inductance can produce high voltage stress,
increases the switching losses and the electro-magnetic interference The schematic diagram for a modified SEPIC[1],[2],[3],[4] is
(EMI) problems, reducing the converter efficiency. shown in the figure 3. As with other switched mode power
supplies (specifically DC-to-DC converters), the SEPIC
exchanges energy between the capacitors and inductors in
The main objective is to design a high-efficiency dc-dc order to convert from one voltage to another. The amount of
converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress to energy exchanged is controlled by switch S1, which is
provide a stable constant dc voltage. To achieve this goal, typically a transistor such as a MOSFET. MOSFETs offer
the manipulation of a voltage multiplier is adopted to much higher input impedance and lower voltage drop than
increase the voltage gain . Moreover, the problem of the bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and do not require biasing
leakage inductor and the reverse recovery in the resistors as MOSFET switching is controlled by differences in
conventional boost converter also can be solved so that it can voltage rather than a current, as with BJTs.
achieve the aim of high-efficiency power conversion. In
addition, the feedback control methodology is utilized in the A SEPIC is said to be in continuous-conduction mode if the
proposed converter to overcome the voltage drift problem of current through the inductor L1 never falls to zero. During a
the power source under the variation of loads SEPIC's steady-state operation, the average voltage across
low high capacitor C1 (VC1) is equal to the input voltage (Vin). Because
SEPIC converter capacitor C1 blocks direct current , the average current through
DC Input
integrated with voltage Load
Voltage doubler cell it (IC1) is zero, making inductor L2 the only source of DC load
current. Therefore, the average current through inductor L2
Pulse Voltage (IL2) is the same as the average load current and hence
independent of the input voltage.
PI Controller
The input voltage can be expressed as:
Figure 2: Block Diagram of the SEPIC Converter
integrated with Voltage Multiplier

The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is a

Because the average voltage of VC1 is equal to VIN. Since the
type of converter allowing the electrical potential (voltage) at
voltages are the same in magnitude, their effects of the mutual
its output to be greater than, less than, or equal to that at its
inductance will be zero, assuming the polarity of the windings
input. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by varying
is correct. Also, since the voltages are the same in magnitude,
the duty cycle of the control MOSFET.A SEPIC is
the ripple currents from the two inductors will be equal in
essentially a boost converter followed by a buck-boost
magnitude. The average currents can be summed as follows
converter, therefore it is similar to a traditional buck-
boost converter, buthas advantages of having non-
inverted output (the output has the same voltage polarity as

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 22

 A. Continuous Mode If VS1 is less than double VI, then the output voltage will be
less than the input voltage. If VS1 is greater than double VI,
When switch S1 is turned on, current IL1 increases and the
then the output voltage will be greater than the input voltage.
current IL2 goes more negative.The energy to increase the
current IL1 comes from the input source. Since S1 is a short
while closed, and the instantaneous voltage VC1 is
B. Discontinuos Mode
approximately VI, the voltage VL2 is approximately −VI.
Therefore, the capacitor Cs supplies the energy to increase the A SEPIC is said to be in discontinuous -conduction mode
magnitude of the current in IL2 and thus increase the energy or discontinuous mode if the current through the inductor L1
stored in Lm. The easiest way to visualize this is to consider is allowed to fall to zero.
the bias voltages of the circuit in a d.c. state, then close S1.

II. VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER

Here two capacitors are simultaneously charged to the same
voltage [6]in parallel. The supply is then switched off and the
capacitors are switched into series. The output is taken from
across the two capacitors in series resulting in an output
double the supply voltage. There are many different switching
devices that could be used in such a circuit, but in integrated
circuits MOSFET devices are frequently employed.

Figure 3 Modified SEPIC Converter Integrated with Voltage III. PI CONTROLLER

Multiplier
The simplest way to maintain a constant output is to
When switch S1 is turned off, the current ICs becomes the same as the use a feedback loop that will change the output automatically
current IL1, since inductors do not allow instantaneous changes in instead of by manual control (using visual feedback from a
current. The current ILm will continue in the negative direction, in voltmeter). The feedback loop should be able to increase the
fact it never reverses direction. It can be seen from the diagram that a duty cycle to raise the output when the output is too low and
negative ILm will add to the current IL1 to increase the current decrease it when the output is too high. To do this, the output
delivered to the load. Using Kirchhoff's Current Law, it can be will need to be compared to a reference voltage which
shown that ID0 = ICs - ILm. It can then be concluded, that while S1 is remains constant even if the input changes. The error between
off, power is delivered to the load from both Lm and L1. Cs, however the output and the reference voltage is then amplified and
is being charged by L1 during this off cycle, and will in turn recharge added to a set bias voltage. The resulting voltage is then used
Lm during the on cycle. as the control voltage for PWM[11]. When the output is too
Because the potential (voltage) across capacitor Cs low, the amplified error increases which causes the control
may reverse direction every cycle, a non -polarized capacitor voltage to increase. The increase in control voltage increases
should be used. However, a polarized tantalum or electrolytic the duty cycle until the output is correct.
capacitor may be used in some cases, because the potential When the output is too high, the amplified error becomes negative
(voltage) across capacitor Cs will not change unless the switch which decreases the duty cycle to correct output. Both of these
is closed long enough for a half cycle of resonance with scenarios work together to constantly make slight adjustments to the
inductor Lm, and by this time the current in inductor L1 could duty cycle so that the output remains stable.
be quite large.
The capacitor Cs is required to reduce the effects of the
parasitic inductance and internal resistance of the power supply. The
boost/buck capabilities of the SEPIC are possible because of
capacitor Cs and inductor Lm. Inductor L1 and switch S1 create a
standard boost converter, which generates a voltage (VS1) that is
higher than VI, whose magnitude is determined by the duty cycle of
the switch S1. Since the average voltage across Cs is VI, the output
voltage(VO) is VS1 - VI.

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 23

 Figure 4 PI Controller

Figure 5 Simulink Model of SEPIC Converter integrated with Voltage Multiplier

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 24

Input for the system is from the PV module which is 100 volt
give to both Conventional Boost Converter and the Modified
SEPIC converter integrated with voltage Multiplier and the
1200
output is analyzed in the simulation work. Sim Power Systems
uses the Simulink environment, allowing you to build a model 1000
using simple click and drag procedures. Not only can you

Voltage(v)
800
draw the circuit topology rapidly, but your analysis of t he
circuit can include its interactions with mechanical, thermal, 600
control, and other disciplines. This is possible because all the
400
electrical parts of the simulation interact with the extensive
Simulink modeling library 200

0
Since Simulink uses MATLAB as its computational engine,
designers can also use MATLAB toolboxes and Simulink
-2000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
block sets. Time(s)

The output for both the sytem is given below the result
and difference between them in tabulated in table 1. As Figure 8 Output Voltage of SEPIC Converter
shown the output is much higher when compared to the input
from the PV module. This can be compared form the output
obtained in the graphs below.

101 OBTAINED RESULTS

S.NO

100.5 CONVERTER TYPE INPUT OUTPUT

Boost Converter
100 1 Integrated With Voltage 100V 380V
)

Multipier

99.5 SEPIC Converter

2 Integrated With Voltage 100V 750V
Multiplier
99 0 20 40 60 80
Time(s) Table 1 Comparison Results
Figure 6 Input Voltage for Conventional and SEPIC
The simulation ressult for both the existing system and
Converter
proposed system is given above.This gives a clear idea on the
change in output which is varied from 380v to 750v
accordingly .The modified SEPIC converter integrated with
400 voltage multiplier gives the ideal change in the output.
350
IV. CONCLUSION
300
In the paper, SEPIC converter along with voltage
250 multiplier achieves high voltage gain and improved
Voltage (V)

200
efficiency. Comparisons are made between the proposed
system and the existing system. Compared to the previous
150 topology the proposed converter have higher voltage gain and
100
efficiency, low voltage stress along the semiconductor
devices, and continuous input and output current. Therefore,
50 the proposed converter are competitive alternative for
practical applications where high voltage transfer gain is
00 5 10 15 20 25 30 demanded, such as renewable energy systems with simple
Time(s)
structure and high efficiency. Finally, simulation and
Figure 7 Output Voltage of Conventional Converter
experimental results are analyzed.

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 25

 V. REFERENCES gain,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25,no. 11, pp.
2753–2761, Nov. 2010.
[1] C. W. Li and X. He, “Review of non-isolated high step-
up DC/DC converters in photovoltaic grid-connected
[11] M. K. Kazimierczuk and R. Cravens II, “Closed
applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp.
loop characteristics of voltage-mode controlled PWM
1239–1250, Apr. 2011.
boost converter with an integral-lead controller,”J.
[2] D. Meneses, F. Blaabjerg, O. Garcia, and J. A. Cobos, Circuits, Syst. Comput., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 429–458,
“Review and comparison of step-up transformerless topologies Dec.1994.
for photovoltaic AC-Module application,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2649–2663,Jun. 2013. [12]Chuanhong, Z., S. D. Round, et al, “An Isolated Three-Port

[3] K. Park, H.-W. Seong, H.-S. Kim, G.-W. Moon, and M.- Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With Decoupled Power
J.Youn, “Integrated boost-SEPIC converter for high step-Flow Management,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.
up applications,” in Proc.IEEE Power Electron. Spec.23(5), pp. 2443-2453, 2008.
Conf.2008 (PESC 2008), Jun. 2008, pp. 944–950K.
[13] Zhijun, Q., O. Abdel-Rahman, et al, “Modeling
[4] S. Kim, D.-K. Choi, S.-J. Jang, T.-W. Lee, and and
C.-
Control of Three- Port DC/DC Converter Interface for
Y.Won,“The active clamp SEPIC- fly back converter,”
Satellite Applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics,
in Proc. IEEE 36th Power Electron.Spec. Conf., 2005 vol. 25(3), pp. 637-649, 2010
(PESC‘05), Jun. 2005, pp. 1209–1212.

[5] M. Prudente, L. L. Pfitscher, G. Emmendoerfer, E. F.

Romaneli, and R. Gules, “Voltage multiplier cells applied
to non-isolated DC–DC converters,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 871–887, Mar.2008.

[6] Ismail, M. A. Al-Saffar, A. J. Sabzali, and A. A.

Fardoun, “A family of single-switch PWM converters
with high step-up conversion ratio,” IEEE Trans.
Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1159–
1171, May 2008.

[7] B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovich, and A. Ioinovici,

“Switched
Capacitor/Switched-Inductor structures for getting
transformerless hybrid DC–DC PWM converters,” IEEE
Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg.Papers, vol. 55, no. 2,
pp.687– 696, Mar. 2008.

[8] L.-S. Yang, T.-J. Liang, and J.-F. Chen,

“Transformerless DC–DC converters with high step-up
voltage gain,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol.56,no. 8,
pp. 3144–3152, Aug.2009.

[9] Q. Zhao and F. C. Lee, “High-efficiency, high step-

up DC–DC converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65–73, Jan. 2003.

[10] G. Henn, R. Silva, P. Prac a, L. Barreto, and D.

Oliveira, “Interleaved boost converter with high voltage

All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 26