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    Balinese Saka Calendar: Months Use Notable Days References Bibliography

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    The document discusses the Balinese saka calendar, a lunar calendar used on Bali. It is similar in length to the Gregorian calendar. The calendar adjusts months to prevent drift from the lunar cycles and contains 12 months with traditional Balinese names. Important holidays like Nyepi mark the new year and other religious festivals are observed.

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    Balinese Saka Calendar: Months Use Notable Days References Bibliography

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    Radovan Spiridonov
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    The document discusses the Balinese saka calendar, a lunar calendar used on Bali. It is similar in length to the Gregorian calendar. The calendar adjusts months to prevent drift from the lunar cycles and contains 12 months with traditional Balinese names. Important holidays like Nyepi mark the new year and other religious festivals are observed.

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    The document discusses the Balinese saka calendar, a lunar calendar used on Bali. It is similar in length to the Gregorian calendar. The calendar adjusts months to prevent drift from the lunar cycles and contains 12 months with traditional Balinese names. Important holidays like Nyepi mark the new year and other religious festivals are observed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views2 pages

    Balinese Saka Calendar: Months Use Notable Days References Bibliography

    Uploaded by

    Radovan Spiridonov
    The document discusses the Balinese saka calendar, a lunar calendar used on Bali. It is similar in length to the Gregorian calendar. The calendar adjusts months to prevent drift from the lunar cycles and contains 12 months with traditional Balinese names. Important holidays like Nyepi mark the new year and other religious festivals are observed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Balinese saka calendar

    The Balinese saka calendar is one of two calendars used on the Indonesian island of Bali. Unlike the 210-
    day pawukon calendar, it is based on the phases of the Moon, and is approximately the same length as the
    Gregorian year.

    Contents
    Months
    Use
    Notable days
    References
    Bibliography

    Months
    Based on a lunar calendar, the saka year comprises twelve months, or
    sasih, of 30 days each. However, because the lunar cycle is slightly
    shorter than 30 days, and the lunar year has a length of 354 or 355
    days, the calendar is adjusted to prevent it losing synchronization with
    the lunar or solar cycles. The months are adjusted by allocating two
    lunar days to one solar day every 9 weeks. This day is called
    ngunalatri, Sanskrit for "minus one night". To stop the Saka from
    lagging behind the Gregorian calendar – as happens with the Islamic
    calendar, an extra month, known as an intercalary month, is added
    after the 11th month (when it is known as Mala Jiyestha), or after the Information about the Saka calendar
    12th month (Mala Sadha). The length of these months is calculated on a Balinese wall calendar
    according to the normal 63-day cycle. An intercalary month is added
    whenever necessary to prevent the final day of the 7th month, known
    as Tilem Kapitu, from falling in the Gregorian month of December.

    The names the twelve months are taken from a mixture of Old Balinese and Sanskrit words for 1 to 12, and
    are as follows:[1][2]

    1. Kasa
    2. Karo
    3. Katiga
    4. Kapat
    5. Kalima
    6. Kanem
    7. Kapitu
    8. Kawalu
    9. Kasanga
    10. Kadasa
    11. Jyestha
    12. Sadha

    Each month begins the day after a new moon and has 15 days of waxing moon until the full moon (Purnama),
    then 15 days of waning, ending on the new moon (Tilem). Both sets of days are numbered 1 to 15. The first
    day of the year is usually the day after the first new moon in March.[3] Note, however, that Nyepi falls on the
    first day of Kadasa, and that the years of the Saka era are counted from that date.

    Use
    The calendar is 78 years behind the Gregorian calendar, and is calculated from the beginning of the Saka Era
    in India. It is used alongside the 210-day Balinese pawukon calendar, and Balinese festivals can be calculated
    according to either year. The Indian saka calendar was used for royal decrees as early as the ninth century
    CE.[4] The same calendar was used in Java until Sultan Agung replaced it with the Javanese calendar in
    1633.[5]

    Notable days
    The Balinese Hindu festival of Nyepi, the day of silence, marks the start of the Saka year. Tilem Kepitu, the
    last day of the 7th month, is known as Siva Ratri, and is a night dedicated to the god Shiva. Devotees stay up
    all night and meditate. There are another 24 ceremonial days in the Saka year, usually celebrated at
    Purnama.[2]

    References
    1. Hobart et al, p82
    2. Esimeman (1989) pp186-190
    3. Esimeman (1989) pp 159,186
    4. Haer et al, pp 24, 228
    5. Ricklefs (1981), p.43

    Bibliography
    Eiseman, Fred B. Jr, Bali: Sekalia and Niskala Volume I: Essays on Religion, Ritual and Art pp
    182–185, Periplus Editions, 1989 ISBN 0-945971-03-6
    Haer, Debbie Guthrie; Morillot, Juliette & Toh, Irene (Eds) (1995) Bali, a Traveller's Companion,
    Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 981 3018 496
    Hobart, Angela; Ramseyer, Urs & Leeman, Albert (1996) The Peoples of Bali, Blackwell
    Publishers. ISBN 0 631 17687 X
    Ricklefs, M.C; A History of Modern Indonesia, MacMillan, ISBN 978-0-333-24380-0

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    This page was last edited on 2 February 2020, at 15:55 (UTC).

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