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Lateral Design of Wood Frame be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Structures

Lateral Failure
Shear Walls and Braced Walls

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Photos Courtesy National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
 Earth Home Lateral Failure
Shear Walls and Braced Walls Shear Walls and Braced Walls

Photos Courtesy National Information Service for

Earthquake Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley.
Photos Courtesy National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.

Lateral Forces Lateral Forces

! WIND - Wind forces are calculated from the velocity of the wind in that ! SEISMIC - Each region (Seismic Design Category, SDC) applies a
region and the load is stated in pounds per square foot. multiplier to the structure’s mass in order to determine the lateral design
load.
! The higher the SDC, the higher the multiplier.

– Racking

– Sliding – Overturning – Racking

 Lateral Bracing Lateral Bracing
Shear Walls and Braced Walls Shear Walls and Braced Walls

Both Braced Walls and Shear Walls behave as a All buildings must have some type
of lateral resisting system for
cantilevered beam. lateral forces (wind, seismic).
1. Braced Walls
2. Shear walls
3. Prefabricated shear panel
5. X-Bracing

Shear Wall/Braced
Cantilever Beam
Wall fixed at one end
fixed at one end
(at foundation)

Shear Walls & Braced Walls Shear Wall Analysis Methods

Shear Walls Shear Walls

Shear Walls
! An Engineered Solution
!  Pre-Fabricated or Field Fabricated
Braced Walls
! A prescriptive equivalent to engineered
shear wall Each Method requires:
• Holdowns for uplift or overturning/
! Braced Wall Lines racking resistance
• Anchor bolts for shear or translation
! Braced Wall Panels
 Pre-Fabricated Shear Walls Shear Walls
Shear Walls Shear Walls

!  Manufacturer provides allowable loads for a

particular panel and installation Site-Built Shear Walls
!  Should compare cost differences to site built !  Nailingpatterns and
!  Install per manufacturer’s recommendation. hardware attachment
information provided by
engineer.
!  IBC Table 2306.4.1
Provides Nailing
Information

Courtesy of APA-The Engineered Wood Association!

Complete Exterior Sheathing

CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls

Building Better Shear walls

CUREE came out with 7 Tips to

building better shear walls as a result
of their research.
 Symmetrical Edge Nailing Pattern
CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls

!  Non-symmetrical pattern shifts center of rotation of the panel

!  Reduced Capacity
!  Damage concentrated at edges having single row of nails

Use Sill Plate Washers Increase Nailing Edge Distance

CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls

!  Plate washers called for in the code as a result of sill plate !  More distance from edge equals better shear wall
splitting in cyclic testing performed at Virginia Tech performance.
!  Building code now requires 3” x 3” x ¼” Plate washers !  Maintain ¾” at top and bottom of wall 5/8” on side framing
member attachment
 Avoid Over-Driving Nails into Sheathing Use Larger Vertical Members
CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls CUREE’s 7 Steps to better Shearwalls

!  Increasevertical members
or studs at holdowns and on
sheathing joints
!  Use 4x at holdowns
!  Use 3x at vertical framing
joints
!  Ifusing built-up post, studs
!  When using a pneumatic nailer, avoid over-driving nails into must be nailed together
sheathing (stitch nailing) to ensure
!  Nail head should be recessed into sheathing a maximum of piece acts as single unit
1/32 inch

Shear Walls & Braced Walls Exceptions for Braced Wall Panel Length
Braced Walls Braced Walls

Shear Walls !  Section R602.10.4 give exceptions if building

! An Engineered Solution contains:
!  Continuous wood structural panel sheathing
!  Pre-Fabricated or Field Fabricated (R602.10.5)
Braced Walls !  Alternate braced wall panels (R602.10.6.1 or
R602.10.2)
! A prescriptive equivalent to engineered
shear wall
! Braced Wall Lines
! Braced Wall Panels
 PRESCRIPTIVE VS.
“Cookbook Engineering”
ENGINEERED

!  PRESCRIPTIVE !  ENGINEERED !  Ad Hoc Wall Bracing Committee

! 3 Stories Max. ! Any size/shape within !  Recipes based on:
! Wind < 110 mph (< 100 IBC limits ! Historical Performance
mph in hurricane-prone ! Wind – no limit
regions) ! Typical Materials
! Seismic – no limit ! Conservative Analysis
! SDC A-D
! Governed by engineer’s ! Nationwide Application
! Other limitations stated
in IRC Chapter 3 calculations ! No Design Professional Required

2012 IRC & 2009 IRC vs. 2006 IRC Braced Walls in the 2012 IRC ©
!  BRACED WALL REQUIREMENTS HAVE BEEN COMPLETELY REWRITTEN
! 2006 IRC © = 6 pages
! 2009 IRC © and 2012 IRC © = 28 pages ! Continuous improvement to the organization of BW requirements
! ICC / APA Guide to the 2009 IRC© Bracing Provisions = 255 pages ! Reorganized to consolidate BWL length, spacing and orientation into
one section
!  ALL PLANS DESIGNED UNDER 2006 IRC © SHOULD BE REVIEWED ! BWP now allowed to be up to 10ft from end of BWL instead of 12.5ft
! Most smaller houses will likely be OK ! Wind adjustment footnotes have now been consolidated into a table
! Larger houses may need additional bracing. ! Bracing methods consolidated into one section
! Minimum BWP lengths consolidated into one table
! All ABW now consolidated into one section
! Simplified BW section added for low wind and low seismic areas.
 BRACED WALL TERMINOLOGY BRACED WALL LINE SPACING
! Braced Wall Line
! Braced Wall Line Spacing
! Braced Wall Panel
– The braced wall line spacing in IRC Table
! Braced Wall Panel Spacing R602.10.1.3 Seismic>Do is limited to 25 feet
or less, however:

– For townhouses in SDC C - No adjustment

required for spacing up to 35 feet, bracing
length Table R602.10.1.3. Note that IRC
Section R301.2.2 exempts all residential
buildings in SDC A and B from seismic
provisions of the code.

– For all structures in SDC D0, D1, D2, - No

adjustment required for spacing up to 35
feet to accommodate a single room not to
exceed 900 square feet in each dwelling
unit, otherwise braced wall line lengths
should be adjusted in accordance with IRC
Table R602.10.1.3, with certain limitations.
Braced wall line spacing greater than 35
feet is not permitted.

BRACED WALLS OFFSET

TABLE R602.10.1.3
BRACED WALL LINE SPACING

BRACED WALL LINE SPACING CRITERIA

•  BRACED WALL PANELS are allowed to be offset up to 8’-0” and still be
APPLICATION CONDITION BUILDING TYPE
Maximum Spacing Exception to Maximum Spacing considered in the same BRACED WALL LINE so long as all of the BRACED
WALL PANELS are within 4’-0” of the designated BRACED WALL LINE.
Wind Bracing 85 mph to < 110 mph Detached, Townhouse 60 feet None

SDC A - C Detached Use Wind Bracing

SDC A - B Townhouse Use Wind Bracing

Up to 50 feet when length of required bracing

SDC C Townhouse 35 feet per Table R602.10.3(3) is adjusted in
Seismic Bracing accordance with Table R602.10.3(4).

Up to 35 feet to allow for a single room not to

Detached, Townhouses,
SDC D0, D1, and D2 25 feet exceed 900 square feet. Spacing of all other
One- and Two-Story Only
braced wall lines shall not exceed 25 feet.

Up to 35 feet when length of required bracing

SDC D0, D1, and D2 Detached, Townhouse 25 feet per Table R602.10.3(3) is adjusted in
accordance with Table R602.10.3(4).

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
 BRACED WALL LINE SPACING LENGTH OF BRACED WALL LINES

! IRC Section R602.10.1 ! IRC Section R602.10.1

! The length of the braced wall line spacing shall be measured as the ! The length of a braced wall line shall be measured as the distance
maximum distance to adjacent braced wall lines. between the ends of the wall line.

LENGTH OF BRACED WALL LINES LENGTH OF BRACED WALL LINES

!  R602.010.1 BRACED WALL !  R602.010.1 BRACED WALL

LINES: LINES:
!  The end of a braced wall line shall be !  The end of a braced wall line shall be
considered to be either: considered to be either:
!  The intersection with perpendicular !  The intersection with perpendicular
exterior walls exterior walls
!  The intersection with perpendicular – 1 !  The intersection with perpendicular
– 1
braced wall lines braced wall lines
!  The end of the braced wall line !  The end of the braced wall line shall be
shall be chosen such that the – 2 chosen such that the maximum length
– 2
maximum length results results

– 3
– 3
 IMAGINARY (EFFECTIVE) BRACED WALL LINE LENGTH
BRACED WALL LINES EXAMPLE
! If wall line is less than 4 feet from braced wall line there is no need for a
bracing panel on that line.
– The braced wall line spacing in IRC Table
R602.10.1.2 (2) is limited to 25 feet or less,
however:

– For townhouses in SDC C - No adjustment

required for spacing up to 35 feet, bracing
length Table R602.10.1.2 (3). Note that IRC
Section R301.2.2 exempts all residential
buildings in SDC A and B from seismic
provisions of the code.

– For all structures in SDC D0, D1,, D2, - No

adjustment required for spacing up to 35
feet to accommodate a single room not to
exceed 900 square feet in each dwelling
unit, otherwise braced wall line lengths
should be adjusted in accordance with IRC
Table R602.10.1.5, with certain limitations.
Braced wall line spacing greater than 35
feet is not permitted.

BRACED WALL PANEL BRACED WALL PANEL

SPACING (PRESCRIBED)
! IRC Section R602.10.1.4
! Not Farther Than 25 Feet on Center
! A full-height section of wall constructed to resist in-plane shear
! Measured From Centerline of Panel to Centerline of Panel
! If Bracing Sections are Wider Than 4 Feet it is Acceptable to be Spaced 21 loads through interaction of framing members sheathing
Feet Apart
material and anchors.
! Seismic and Wind Requirements Slightly Different
! The panel’s length meets the requirements of its particular
bracing method and contributes toward the total amount of
bracing required along its braced wall line in accordance with
Section R602.10.1.
 INTERMITTENT BRACING LIB – LET-IN-BRACING

! LIB – LET-IN-BRACING Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

! DWB – DIAGONAL WOOD BOARDS

1x4 wood or approved
metal straps at 45 to Wood: 2-8d nails per stud
! WSP – WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL LIB Let-In Bracing 60 angles for including top & bottom plate
maximum 16” stud Metal: per manufacturer
spacing
! SFB – STRUCTURAL FIBERBOARD SHEATHING

! GB – GYPSUM BOARD

! PBS – PARTICLEBOARD SHEATHING

! PCP – PORTLAND CEMENT PLASTER

! HPS – HARDBOARD PANEL SIDING

! ABW – ALTERNATE BRACED WALL

! PFH – PORTAL FRAME WITH HOLDOWNS

! PFG – PORTAL FRAME AT GARAGE.

DWB – DIAGONAL WOOD WSP – WOOD STRUCTURAL

BOARDS PANEL
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

Exterior Sheathing: see

3/4” (1” nominal) for IRC Table R602.3(3)
Diagonal Wood 2-8d (2 1/2” x 0.113”) nails Wood Structural Panel
DWB maximum 24” stud WSP 3/8”
Boards or 2 staples, 1-3/4” per stud (See Section R604)
spacing Interior Sheathing: see
IRC Table R602.3(1)
 SFB – STRUCTURAL
GB – GYPSUM BOARD
FIBERBOARD SHEATHING
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

Nails and screws at 7” spacing at

1-1/2” galvanized roofing panel edges including top and
nails or 8d common bottom plates for all braced wall
1/2” or 25/32” for
Structural Fiberboard (2-1/2” x 0.131”) nails at panel locations. For exterior
SFB Maximum 16” Stud GB Gypsum Board 1/2” sheathing nail or screw size, see
Sheathing 3” spacing (panel edges)
spacing IRC Table R602.3(1). For interior
at 6” spacing gypsum board nail or screw size,
(intermediate supports). see IRC Table R702.3.5.

PBS – PARTICLEBOARD PCP – PORTLAND CEMENT

SHEATHING PLASTER
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

1-1/2” galvanized roofing

nails or 8d common 1-1/2”, 11 gage
Particleboard 3/8” or 1/2” See Section R703.6
(2-1/2” x 0.131”) nails at Portland Cement 7/16” head nails or
PBS Sheathing for maximum PCP for maximum
3” spacing (panel edges) Plaster 7/8”, 16 gage staples
(See Section R605) 16” stud spacing 16” stud spacing
at 6” spacing at 6” spacing
(intermediate supports).
 HPS – HARDBOARD PANEL SIDING CONTINUOUS SHEATHING

Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria ! Structural Sheathing Applied to all Sheathable Surfaces Including the
Areas Above and Below Openings
0.092” dia., 0.225 head nails
with length to accommodate
Hardboard Panel 7/16” for maximum 1-1/2” penetration into studs
HPS
Siding 16” stud spacing at 4” spacing (panel edges),
at 8” spacing (intermediate
supports).

CONTINUOUS SHEATHING CS-WSP

CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL
BRACING MATERIALS
!
!
CS-WSP
CS-G
!
!
CS-PF
CS-SFB
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

6d common (2” x 0.113”) nails

at 6” spacing (panel edges)
and at 12” spacing
(intermediate supports) or
CS-WSP Wood Structural Panel 3/8” 16 ga. x 1-3/4 staples: at
3” spacing (panel edges)
and 6” spacing
Minimum (intermediate supports)
Method Material Figure Connection Criteria
Thickness

6d common (2” x 0.113”) nails at 6” spacing

(panel edges) and at 12” spacing
CS-WSP Wood Structural Panel 3/8” (intermediate supports) or 16 ga. x 1-3/4
staples: at 3” spacing (panel edges) and
6” spacing (intermediate supports)

Wood Structural Panel Adjacent

See Method
CS-G to Garage Openings and 3/8”
CS-WSP
Supporting Roof Load Only ab

See Section See Section

CS-PF Continuous Portal Frame
R602.10.4.1.1 R602.10.4.1.1

a. Applies to one wall of a garage only.

b. Roof covering dead loads shall be 3 psf or less.
 CS-G CS-PF
CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED
WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL ADJACENT TO GARAGE CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED PORTAL FRAME

Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

Wood Structural Panel

Adjacent to Garage
See Method
CS-G Openings and 3/8”
CS-WSP See Section See Section
Supporting Roof Load CS-PF Continuous Portal Frame
Only ab R602.10.4.1.1 R602.10.4.1.1

a. Applies to one wall of a garage only.

b. Roof covering dead loads shall be 3 psf or less.

CS-SFB MIXED BRACING METHODS

CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED STRUCTURAL FIBERBOARD SHEATHING

Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

! R602.10.1.1 BRACED WALL PANELS.
1-1/2” galvanized roofing ! Mixing of bracing methods shall be permitted as follows:
nails or 8d common
CS-SFB
Continuous Structural
Fiberboard Sheathing
1/2” or 25/32” for 16”
Stud Spacing Only
(2-1/2” x 0.131”) nails at
3” spacing (panel edges)
! 1. Mixing bracing methods from story to story is permitted.
at 6” spacing
(intermediate supports). ! 2. Mixing bracing methods from braced wall line to braced wall
line within a story is permitted, except CS shall conform to
! New to the 2009 IRC R602.10.4 and R602.10.5.
! 3. Mixing bracing methods within a braced wall line is
! Restrictions apply, see R602.10.5 permitted only in SDC A, B and detached dwellings of C.
 Table R602.10.4.1.1
ABW – ALTERNATE BRACED WALL Tension Strap Capacity Required For Resisting Wind Pressures
Perpendicular to 6:1 Aspect Ratio Walls
BASIC WIND SPEED (mph)
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
MINIMUM WALL PONY WALL TOTAL WALL MAXIMUM 85 90 100 85 90 100
STUD FRAMING HEIGHT HEIGHT OPENING
SIZE AND GRADE (feet) (feet) WIDTH (feet) Exposure B Exposure C
Wood Structural
ABW 3/8” See Section R602.10.3.2 Tension strap capacity required (lbf)
Panel
0 10 18 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
– For panel splice (if needed) 9 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1275
adjoining panel edges shall meet
– Min. 3/8" (10) wood structural 16 1000 1000 1750 1800 2325 3500
panel sheathing on one face over and be fastened to common 1 10
framing 18 1000 1200 2100 2175 2725 Engineering
Req’d

– Minimum 2X4 framing, minimum 9 1000 1000 1025 1075 1550 2500
double studs required – 8d common or gal. box nails@
2X4 16 1525 2025 3125 3200 3900 Engineering
6" o.c. at panel edges for the first 2 10 Req’d
two stories No. 2 Grade
18 1875 2400 3575 3700 Engineering Engineering
– Studs under header Req’d Req’d

as required 9 1000 1200 2075 2125 2750 4000

– 8d common or gal. box nails @
12" o.c. at interior supports 2 12 16 2600 3200 Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d
– Hold-down or strap-type anchor
18 3175 3850 Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
per Table R602.10.3.2 (Both Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d
shown for clarity.) Strap-type – (2) 1/2" Diameter anchor bolts
anchors shall be permitted to be per Figure R403.1.1, located 9 1775 2350 3500 3550 Engineering Engineering
Req’d Req’d
attached over the wood structural between 6 and 12 inches of each
panel. end of the segment 4 12 16 4175 Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d

9 1000 1000 1325 1375 1750 2550

– Minimum reinforcing of
– Minimum footing size under 16 1650 2050 2925 3000 3550 Engineering
opening is 12" x 12" A turned- foundation, one #4 bar top and 2 12 Req’d

down slab shall be permitted at bottom of footing. Reinforcing

shall be lapped 15 inches. 2x6 18 2025 2450 3425 3500 4100 Engineering
Req’d
door openings. Reinforcing shall Stud Grade
be as shown above. 9 1125 1500 2225 2275 2775 3800

16 2650 3150 Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering

4 12 Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d

18 3125 3675 Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering

Req’d Req’d Req’d Req’d

Table R602.10.3.2
Minimum Length Requirements and Hold-Down Bracing Around Garage Doors
Forces For ABW Braced Wall Panels
Braced Walls

Lateral Failure

SEISMIC DESIGN HEIGHT OF BRACED WALL PANEL

CATEGORY AND
WIND SPEED
8 ft 9 ft 10 ft 11 ft 12 ft

Minimum sheathed length 2’-4” 2’-8” 2’-10” 3’-2” 3’-6”

R602.10.3.2, item 1 hold-down
force (lb)
SDC A, B and C 1800 1800 1800 2000 2200

Wind speed < 110 mph R602.10.3.2, item 1 hold-down

force (lb)
3000 3000 3000 3300 3600

Minimum sheathed length 2’-8” 2’-8” 2’-10” Not Permitted Not Permitted
R602.10.3.2, item 1 hold-down
force (lb)
1800 1800 1800 Not Permitted Not Permitted
SDC D0, D1 and D2
R602.10.3.2, item 1 hold-down
Wind speed < 110 mph force (lb)
3000 3000 3000 Not Permitted Not Permitted

Photo Courtesy National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
 PFG – PORTAL FRAME AT GARAGE PFH – PORTAL FRAME WITH
EIGHT SPECIFIC PFG PROVISIONS R602.10.3.4
HOLDOWNS
Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria Method Material Minimum Thickness Figure Connection Criteria

PFG Wood Structural Panel 7/16” See Section R602.10.3.4 PFH Wood Structural Panel 3/8” See Section R602.10.3.3

– Fasten top plate to header with two rows of

– Fasten sheathing to header with – 1 16d sinker. Nails at 3 in. o.c. typ.
– 1 8d common or galvanized box nails
in 3 in. grid pattern as shown and 3
in. o.c. in all framing (studs, – Fasten sheathing to header with 8d common
blocking, and sills) typ. – 2 or galvanized box nails in 3 in. grid pattern as
shown and 3 in. o.c. in all framing (studs,
blocking, and sills) typ.
– For a panel splice (if needed),
– 2 panel edges shall occur over and
be nailed to common blocking, and – Min. length = 16 in. for one story, min. length
occur within middle 24 in. of wall – 3 = 24 in. for use in the first two story structures.
height. One row of 3 in. o.c. nailing
is required in each panel edge.
– Min. 4200 lb tie-down device (embedded into
– 4 concrete and nailed into framing).
– Minimum length based on 4:1
– 3 height-to-length ratio. For example:
24 in. min. for 8 ft. height. – For a panel splice (if needed), panel edges
– 5 shall occur over and be nailed to common
blocking, and occur within middle 24 in. of wall
height. One row of 3 in. o.c. nailing is required
in each panel edge.

CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED

BRACED WALL LINE BRACED WALL WITH OPENINGS

! A braced wall line with structural sheathing applied to all sheathable ! R602.10.4.2 OPENINGS IN BRACED WALL LINE
surfaces including the areas above and below openings.
 CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED CONTINUOUSLY SHEATHED
BRACED WALL WITH OPENINGS BRACED WALL WITH OPENINGS

! R602.10.4.2 OPENINGS IN BRACED WALL LINE ! R602.10.4.2 OPENINGS IN BRACED WALL LINE

– TABLE R602.10.5 CS - MINIMUM LENGTH OF BRACED WALL PANELS

EXAMPLE PROBLEM
WALL HEIGHT
Adjacent Clear
Method 8’ 9’ 10’ 11’ 12’
Opening Height
64” 24” 27” 30” 33” 36”
68” 26” 27” 30” 33” 36”
72” 27” 27” 30” 33” 36”
76” 30” 29’ 30” 33” 36”
80” 32” 30” 30” 33” 36”
84” 35” 32” 32” 33” 36”
88” 38” 35” 33” 33” 36”
92” 43” 37” 35” 35” 36”
96” 48” 41” 38” 36” 36”
100” - 44” 40” 38” 38”
CS-WSP, CS-SFB 104” - 49” 43” 40” 39”
108” - 54” 46” 43” 41”
112” - - 50” 45” 43”
116” - - 55” 48” 45”
120” - - 60” 52” 48”
124” - - - 56” 51”
128” - - - 61” 54”
132” - - - 66” 58”
136” - - - - 62”
140” - - - - 66”
144” - - - - 72”
CS-G See Note B 24” 27” 30” - -
CS-PF < 120” 16” 18” 20” - -
a. Interpolation shall be permitted.
b. Garage openings adjacent to a method CS-G panel shall be provided with a header in accordance with IRC Table R502.5(1). A full-height clear
opening shall not be permitted adjacent to a method CS-G
c. Maximum opening height shall be in accordance with IRC Figure R602.10.4.1.1.
 EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1 Example 1 – Upper Level

!  Single Family
!  Two Story

!  SDC = C
!  Wind =100 MPH, Exposure C
!  Roof Eave-to-Ridge = 8 ft
!  Roof/Ceiling Dead Load = 20 psf
!  Wall Dead Load = 8 psf
!  Wall Heights: 10 ft

2012 IRC - WIND

TABLE R602.10.3(2)
WIND ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH OF WALL BRACING

! BASIC WIND SPEED <100 MPH, IRC Table R602.10.3(1) ADJUSTMENT FACTOR a,b
APPLICABLE
ADJUSTMENT BASED ON: STORY/SUPPORTING CONDITION (Multiply length from Table
Exposure Category B METHODS
R602-10.3(1) by this factor)
30 ft Mean Roof Height
Minimum Total Length (feet) of Braced Wall Panels Required Along Each Braced Wall Line
10ft Eave to Ridge Height B 1.00
10ft Wall Height, 2 Braced Wall Lines One-Story Structure C 1.20
D 1.50
Bracing Wall Line Method GB Method DWB, WSP, Cont.
Story Location Method LIB
Spacing (ft) (Double Sided) SFB, PBS, PCP, HPS Sheathing B 1.00
10 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5 Exposure Category Two-Story Structure C 1.30
D 1.60
20 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.0
B 1.00
30 12.0 12.0 7.0 6.0
Three-Story Structure C 1.40
40 15.5 15.5 9.0 7.5 D 1.70
50 19.0 19.0 11.0 9.5 < 5 feet 0.70
10 feet 1.00 All Methods
60 22.5 22.5 13.0 11.0 Roof Only
15 feet 1.30
10 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.5 20 feet 1.60
20 16.0 16.0 9.0 8.0
< 5 feet 0.85
30 23.0 23.0 13.0 11.0 10 feet 1.00
Roof Eave-To-Ridge Height Roof + 1 Floor
15 feet 1.15
40 29.5 29.5 17.0 14.5
20 feet 1.30
50 36.5 36.5 21.0 18.0
< 5 feet 0.90
60 43.5 43.5 25.0 21.0 10 feet 1.00
Roof + 2 Floors
10 NP 12.5 7.5 6.0 15 feet 1.10
20 feet Not Permitted
20 NP 23.5 13.5 11.5
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm, 1 pound = 4.48 N.
30 NP 34.0 19.5 16.5 a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
b. The total adjustment factor is the product of all applicable adjustment factors.
40 NP 44.0 25.0 21.5
c. The adjust factor is permitted to be 1.0 when determining bracing amounts for intermediate braced wall lines provided the bracing amounts on adjacent
50 NP 54.0 3.0 26.5 braced wall lines are based on a spacing and number that neglects the intermediate braced wall line.

60 NP 64.0 36.5 31.0

 – TABLE R602.10.3(2) - WIND ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH
OF WALL BRACING - CONTINUED Example 1 – Lower Level
ADJUSTMENT FACTOR a,b
APPLICABLE
ADJUSTMENT BASED ON: STORY/SUPPORTING CONDITION (Multiply length from Table
METHODS
R602-10.3(1) by this factor)

8 feet 0.90
9 feet 0.95
Wall Height Adjustment Any Story 10 feet 1.00
11 feet 1.05
12 feet 1.10
All Methods
2 1.00
Number of Braced Wall Lines 3 1.30
Any Story
(per plan direction) c 4 1.45
>5 1.60

Fastened to the end

studs of each braced
Additional 800-Pound DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS,
Top Story Only wall panel and to the 0.80
Hold-Down Device PCP, HPS
foundation or framing
below.

Omitted from inside DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS,

Interior Gypsum Board Finish
Any Story face of braced wall 1.40 PCP, HPS, CS-WSP,
(or Equivalent)
panels CS-G, CS-SFB

4 inches o.c. at panel

edges, including top
Gypsum Board Fastening Any Story and bottom plates, and 0.70 GB
all horizontal joints
blocked
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm, 1 pound = 4.48 N.
a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
b. The total adjustment factor is the product of all applicable adjustment factors.
c. The adjust factor is permitted to be 1.0 when determining bracing amounts for intermediate braced wall lines provided the bracing amounts on adjacent
braced wall lines are based on a spacing and number that neglects the intermediate braced wall line.

2012 IRC - WIND

TABLE R602.10.3(2)
WIND ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH OF WALL BRACING

! BASIC WIND SPEED <100 MPH, IRC Table R602.10.3(1) ADJUSTMENT FACTOR a,b
APPLICABLE
ADJUSTMENT BASED ON: STORY/SUPPORTING CONDITION (Multiply length from Table
Exposure Category B METHODS
R602-10.3(1) by this factor)
30 ft Mean Roof Height
Minimum Total Length (feet) of Braced Wall Panels Required Along Each Braced Wall Line
10ft Eave to Ridge Height B 1.00
10ft Wall Height, 2 Braced Wall Lines One-Story Structure C 1.20
D 1.50
Bracing Wall Line Method GB Method DWB, WSP, Cont.
Story Location Method LIB
Spacing (ft) (Double Sided) SFB, PBS, PCP, HPS Sheathing B 1.00
10 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5 Exposure Category Two-Story Structure C 1.30
D 1.60
20 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.0
B 1.00
30 12.0 12.0 7.0 6.0
Three-Story Structure C 1.40
40 15.5 15.5 9.0 7.5 D 1.70
50 19.0 19.0 11.0 9.5 < 5 feet 0.70
10 feet 1.00 All Methods
60 22.5 22.5 13.0 11.0 Roof Only
15 feet 1.30
10 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.5 20 feet 1.60
20 16.0 16.0 9.0 8.0
< 5 feet 0.85
30 23.0 23.0 13.0 11.0 10 feet 1.00
Roof Eave-To-Ridge Height Roof + 1 Floor
15 feet 1.15
40 29.5 29.5 17.0 14.5
20 feet 1.30
50 36.5 36.5 21.0 18.0
< 5 feet 0.90
60 43.5 43.5 25.0 21.0 10 feet 1.00
Roof + 2 Floors
10 NP 12.5 7.5 6.0 15 feet 1.10
20 feet Not Permitted
20 NP 23.5 13.5 11.5
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm, 1 pound = 4.48 N.
30 NP 34.0 19.5 16.5 a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
b. The total adjustment factor is the product of all applicable adjustment factors.
40 NP 44.0 25.0 21.5
c. The adjust factor is permitted to be 1.0 when determining bracing amounts for intermediate braced wall lines provided the bracing amounts on adjacent
50 NP 54.0 3.0 26.5 braced wall lines are based on a spacing and number that neglects the intermediate braced wall line.

60 NP 64.0 36.5 31.0

 – TABLE R602.10.3(2) - WIND ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH
OF WALL BRACING - CONTINUED
TABLE R602.10.5
ADJUSTMENT FACTOR a,b
MINIMUM LENGTH OF BRACED WALL PANELS
APPLICABLE
ADJUSTMENT BASED ON: STORY/SUPPORTING CONDITION (Multiply length from Table
METHODS
R602-10.3(1) by this factor)

MINIMUM LENGTH a
8 feet 0.90 CONTRIBUTING
9 feet 0.95 METHOD
Wall Height LENGTH
(See Table R602.10.4)
Wall Height Adjustment Any Story 10 feet 1.00 (inches)
11 feet 1.05 8 Feet 9 Feet 10 Feet 11 Feet 12 Feet
12 feet 1.10
All Methods DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS, PCP, HPS, BV-WSP 48 48 48 53 58 Actual b
2 1.00
Double Sided = Actual
Number of Braced Wall Lines 3 1.30 GB 48 48 48 53 58
Single Sided + 0.5 x Actual
Any Story
(per plan direction) c 4 1.45
>5 1.60 LIB 55 62 69 NP NP Actual b

Fastened to the end SDC A, B, and C

28 32 34 38 42
studs of each braced wind speed = < 110 mph
Additional 800-Pound DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS, ABW 48
Top Story Only wall panel and to the 0.80
Hold-Down Device PCP, HPS SDC D0, D1, and D2
foundation or framing 28 32 34 NP NP
Wind speed < 110 mph
below.
Supporting Roof Only 16 16 16 18c 20c 48
Omitted from inside DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS, PFH
Interior Gypsum Board Finish Supporting One Story
Any Story face of braced wall 1.40 PCP, HPS, CS-WSP, 24 24 24 27c 29c 48
(or Equivalent) & Roof
panels CS-G, CS-SFB
PFG 24 27 30 33d 36d 1.5 x Actual b
4 inches o.c. at panel
edges, including top CS-G 24 27 30 33 36 Actual b
Gypsum Board Fastening Any Story and bottom plates, and 0.70 GB
all horizontal joints CS-PF 16 18 20 22e 24e Actual b
blocked
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 4.45 N, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm, 1 pound = 4.48 N. NP = Not Permitted
a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted. a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
b. The total adjustment factor is the product of all applicable adjustment factors. b. Use the actual length when it is greater than or equal to the minimum length.
c. The adjust factor is permitted to be 1.0 when determining bracing amounts for intermediate braced wall lines provided the bracing amounts on adjacent c. Maximum header height for PFH is 10 feet in accordance with Figure R602.10.6.2 but wall height may be increased to 12 feet with pony wall.
braced wall lines are based on a spacing and number that neglects the intermediate braced wall line. d. Maximum opening height for PFG is 10 feet in accordance with Figure R602.10.6.3 but wall height may be increased to 12 feet with pony wall.
e. Maximum opening height for CS-PF is 10 feet in accordance with Figure R602.10.6.4 but wall height may be increased to 12 feet with pony wall.

This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Course!

Todd Grevious!
(952)898-8651!
[email protected]!