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Edm 104 Script

The document is a seminar script about the meaning of knowledge and its characteristics. It defines knowledge as facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education. It discusses different types of knowledge including a priori knowledge, which is attained independently of experience through reasoning, and a posteriori knowledge, which depends on empirical evidence and experience. The summary highlights the key topics covered in the document about defining knowledge and discussing different types.

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Mohit Gautam
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107 views8 pages

Edm 104 Script

The document is a seminar script about the meaning of knowledge and its characteristics. It defines knowledge as facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education. It discusses different types of knowledge including a priori knowledge, which is attained independently of experience through reasoning, and a posteriori knowledge, which depends on empirical evidence and experience. The summary highlights the key topics covered in the document about defining knowledge and discussing different types.

Uploaded by

Mohit Gautam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMINAR SCRIPT

EDM 104

TOPIC: MEANING OF KNOWLEDGE


AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

SUBMITTED BY:

KHUSHBOO GAUTAM

2001692
Concept of Knowledge:

Knowledge stands for: -

 facts information and skills acquired by a person


through experience or education.
 theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
 awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a
fact or situation.
The philosopher Plato defined knowledge as

 justified true belief


Let us compare knowledge with wisdom. Knowledge is
the accumulation of facts and information. Wisdom is a
synthesis of knowledge and experiences into insights.
Wisdom deepens one’s relationships and the meaning
of life. Education is a means of discovering new things
which we do not know and hence it increases our
knowledge.

So, knowledge is a meaningful structure of facts into


some relationships. We can define knowledge as

 the fact of knowing


 information or what is already known
 the whole of what can be learned or found out.
Terms knowledge, information, and wisdom are
interrelated to each other. We can further define
knowledge as

 assured belief
 information
 enlightenment
 practical skill and acquaintance.
As used by teachers and educators the term ‘concept of
knowledge’ refers to

the information that teacher teaches and students are


expected to learn in given subject or content area.
Knowledge is related to the facts, concepts, theories,
and principles that are taught. It is not related to the
skills such as reading, writing or researching that
students learn in academic courses.
 

Meaning
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding
of someone or something, such as facts (propositional
knowledge) skills (procedural knowledge), or objects
(acquaintance knowledge). By most accounts,
knowledge can be acquired in many different ways and
from many sources, including but not limited
to perception, reason, memory, testimony,
scientific, education, and practice. The philosophical
study of knowledge is called epistemology.
The term "knowledge" can refer to a theoretical or
practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit
(as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with
the theoretical understanding of a subject); formal or
informal; systematic or particular. The
philosopher Plato famously pointed out the need for a
distinction between knowledge and true belief in
the Theaetetus, leading many to attribute to him a
definition of knowledge as "justified true beliefs. The
difficulties with this definition raised by the Gettier
problem have been the subject of extensive debate in
epistemology for more than half a century.

Importance of Knowledge:
 Knowledge is a powerful and important part of life.
 A famous Sanskrit verse says that ‘an educated
person is honoured everywhere’.
 Knowledge has equipped man with limitless power.
With knowledge, man can dominate over beings
who are much stronger than him in strength.
 Knowledge has helped humans and prompted the
progress of our civilization.
 Knowledge accounts for the success of the people.
The more knowledgeable you are, the more
advantage you have over other people.
 Power of knowledge should not be used for a
destructive purpose.
Characteristics of knowledge:

   Knowledge is like wealth, the more he gets, the


more he craves.
 Knowledge never decays.
 Knowledge once gained casts a light beyond its
own immediate boundaries.
 Information is the source of knowledge.
 The word knowledge implies three things – truth,
proof, conviction
 Facts and values are the basis of the structures of
knowledge.
 Knowledge is boundless
 It exists to be imparted.

Types of Knowledge:

In order to build skills, it is important that we know about


different types of Knowledge that exists in education.
Knowledge is an awareness or familiarity gained by
experience of fact or situation. It can be theoretical or
practical understanding of a subject. All our knowledge
is founded on and is ultimately derived from experience.
There are so much debate and disagreement over the
exact list of different types of knowledge, so no such list
has ever existed. This is because the concept of
knowledge is purely philosophical and everyone has a
different opinion about what it is or what it is not.

Different types of knowledge that are based on


experience and lack of it are

1. A priori knowledge: -
 The literal meaning of a priori is from before or from
earlier.
 A priori is the knowledge that is attained
independently of experience.
 It means there are certain assumptions that one can
take for granted.
 This knowledge is non-empirical. (empirical means
originating or based on observation or experience)
 This type of knowledge comes from theoretical
reasoning rather than actual observation or
personal experience.
 In practical, a priori describes knowledge that exists
without reference to any actual proof or reality.

Definition of a priori

existing in the mind, independent of observation


or experience
Relating to what may be known through an
understanding of how certain things work, rather
than by observation or experience.

Example: –
1. The proposition that all bachelors are unmarried
is prior.
2. No proposition can be true and false at the same
time.
3. The shortest distance between two points on a
Euclidean plane is a straight line.

2. A posteriori
 Posteriori literally mean from what comes
later or from what comes after.
 It is the knowledge which is gained through
experience.
 A posteriori knowledge depends on experimental
evidence or warrant.
 This knowledge is empirical, arrived at afterword.
 Truths of physics, chemistry, and biology are
instances of a posteriori knowledge.
 A posteriori judgment adds to the knowledge. But
the knowledge yielded can sometimes be uncertain
or problematic.
 This kind of knowledge is gained by first having
experience and then using logic and reflection to
derive understanding from it.
 It is believed a priori knowledge is more reliable
than a posteriori knowledge.
 In philosophy term, posteriori is sometimes used
interchangeably with empirical knowledge based on
observation.

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