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No. Content 1. 1 2. Objective 2 3. Apparatus 2 4. Procedure 3-4 5. Result 4-5 6. Analysis 6-8 7. Discussion 9 8. Conclusion 9 9. References 10

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62 views3 pages

No. Content 1. 1 2. Objective 2 3. Apparatus 2 4. Procedure 3-4 5. Result 4-5 6. Analysis 6-8 7. Discussion 9 8. Conclusion 9 9. References 10

Uploaded by

Zaffira Rahman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA


PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page


1. Introduction 1
2. Objective 2
3. Apparatus 2
4. Procedure 3-4
5. Result 4-5
6. Analysis 6-8
7. Discussion 9
8. Conclusion 9
9. References 10

©FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September–Januari 2018


FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

1.0 Introduction

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s principle states that increase in the speed of fluid
occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s
potential energy.
Bernoulli’s principle, which is normally known as Bernoulli’s equation, defines
the conservation of energy in terms of non-viscous, incompressible and
frictionless fluid in steady flow. By considering two points, 1 and 2, on a
streamline :

p₁ V ₁2 p₂ V ₂2
ρg
+ 2g
+ ᶻ₁ = ρg
+ 2g
+ ᶻ₂

p₁
The term
ρg
, represent the pressure head, V2₁2
g
represent velocity head

and z is vertical elevation. The sum of these three terms is known as the total
head or total energy. When the locations of the points 1 and 2 in the pipe are in
the same datum where the position where z1=z2.

P=𝞺gh, Bernoulli’s equation can be written as :


V ₁2 V ₂2
h ₁+ = h ₂+
2g 2g
The total pressure head, H can be measured from a probe with an end hole
facing into the flow such that it brings the flow to rest locally at the probe end,
thus :
V ₂2
H=h+
2g
The velocity of the flow measured by measuring the volume of the flow,V,
over the time period,t. This gives the rate of volume flow as :

©FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September–Januari 2018


FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

V
Q=
t

2.0 Objectives

To determine total head for each point in the horizontal pipe using Bernoulli’s
principle when applied to the steady flow of water.

3.0 Apparatus

 Bernoulli’s Apparatus Test Equipment


 Hydraullic Bench
 Stopwatch

©FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September–Januari 2018

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