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Lect 5

The document discusses PHP functions. It defines functions as groups of statements that execute as a single unit. The syntax for defining a function includes the function name, parameters in parentheses, and statements within curly braces. Functions can take parameters and return values. Variables used within functions have local scope, while global variables declared outside are accessible everywhere. PHP includes predefined global variables called autoglobals that provide server and environment information. The GET and POST methods are discussed for submitting form data to PHP scripts.

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Musa Mahdi
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59 views20 pages

Lect 5

The document discusses PHP functions. It defines functions as groups of statements that execute as a single unit. The syntax for defining a function includes the function name, parameters in parentheses, and statements within curly braces. Functions can take parameters and return values. Variables used within functions have local scope, while global variables declared outside are accessible everywhere. PHP includes predefined global variables called autoglobals that provide server and environment information. The GET and POST methods are discussed for submitting form data to PHP scripts.

Uploaded by

Musa Mahdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP

Functions

Lecture # 5
Defining Functions
 Functions are groups of statements that you
can execute as a single unit
 Function definitions are the lines of code that
make up a function
 The syntax for defining a function is:
<?php
function name_of_function(parameters) {
statements;
}
?>

PHP Functions 2
Defining Functions (continued)
 Functions, like all PHP code, must be
contained within <?php ... ?> tags
 A parameter is a variable that is used within a
function
 Parameters are placed within the parentheses
that follow the function name
 Functions do not have to contain parameters
 The set of curly braces (called function
braces) contain the function statements

PHP Functions 3
Defining Functions (continued)
 Function statements do the actual work of
the function and must be contained within the
function braces

function printCompanyName($Company1, $Company2, $Company3)


{
echo “<p>$Company1</p>”;
echo “<p>$Company2</p>”;
echo “<p>$Company3</p>”;
}

PHP Functions 4
Calling Functions

function printCompanyName($CompanyName) {
echo “<p>$CompanyName</p>”;
}
printCompanyName(“Course Technology”);

Figure 4-1 Output of a call to a custom function

PHP Functions 5
Returning Values
 A return statement is a statement that returns
a value to the statement that called the
function
 A function does not necessarily have to return
a value
function averageNumbers($a, $b, $c) {
$SumOfNumbers = $a + $b + $c;
$Result = $SumOfNumbers / 3;
Return $Result;
}

PHP Functions 6
Understanding Variable Scope
 Variable scope is where in your program a
declared variable can be used
 A variable’s scope can be either global or local
 A global variable is one that is declared
outside a function and is available to all parts
of your program
 A local variable is declared inside a function
and is only available within the function in
which it is declared

PHP Functions 7
Using Autoglobals

 PHP includes various predefined global


arrays, called autoglobals or superglobals
 Autoglobals contain client, server, and
environment information that you can use in
your scripts
 Autoglobals are associative arrays – arrays
whose elements are referred to with an
alphanumeric key instead of an index number

PHP Functions 8
Using Autoglobals (continued)

Table 4-1 PHP autoglobals

PHP Functions 9
Using Autoglobals (continued)

 Use the global keyword to declare a global


variable within the scope of a function
 Use the $GLOBALS autoglobal to refer to the
global version of a variable from inside a
function
 $_GET is the default method for submitting a
form
 $_GET and $_POST allow you to access the
values of forms that are submitted to a PHP
script

PHP Functions 10
Using Autoglobals (continued)

 $_GET appends form data as one long string


to the URL specified by the action attribute
 $_POST sends form data as a transmission
separate from the URL specified by the
action attribute

PHP Functions 11
Example #1

<?php
function writeMsg() {
echo "Hello world!";
} Hello world!

writeMsg(); // call the function


?>

PHP Functions 12
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
function familyName($fname) {
echo "$fname Refsnes.<br>"; Jani Refsnes.
} Hege Refsnes.
Stale Refsnes.
familyName("Jani"); Kai Jim Refsnes.
familyName("Hege"); Borge Refsnes.
familyName("Stale");
familyName("Kai Jim");
familyName("Borge");
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Functions 13
<html>
<head>
<title> Writing PHP Function </title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
You are really a nice
/* Defining a PHP Function */ person, Have a nice
time!
function writeMessage() {

echo "You are really a nice person, Have a nice time!";


}
/* Calling a PHP Function */

writeMessage();

?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Functions 14
PHP Functions 15
The GET Method
 The GET method sends the encoded user
information appended to the page request. The
page and the encoded information are
separated by the ? character.

PHP Functions 16
The GET Method
 The GET method produces a long string that appears in your server
logs, in the browser's Location: box.
 The GET method is restricted to send upto 1024 characters only.
 Never use GET method if you have password or other sensitive
information to be sent to the server.
 GET can't be used to send binary data, like images or word
documents, to the server.
 The data sent by GET method can be accessed using
QUERY_STRING environment variable.
 The PHP provides $_GET associative array to access all the sent
information using GET method.

PHP Functions 17
PHP Functions 18
The POST Method
 The POST method transfers information via HTTP headers. The
information is encoded as described in case of GET method and put
into a header called QUERY_STRING.

• The POST method does not have any restriction on data


size to be sent.
• The POST method can be used to send ASCII as well as
binary data.
• The data sent by POST method goes through HTTP header
so security depends on HTTP protocol. By using Secure
HTTP you can make sure that your information is secure.
• The PHP provides $_POST associative array to access all
the sent information using POST method.

PHP Functions 19
PHP Functions 20

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