Add and Subtract Fractions

Check your understanding of important skills

Name

→ Fractions Equal to 1 Write the fraction that names the whole.

1. 2.

_ _

→ Parts of a Whole Write a fraction that names the shaded part.

3. 4. 5.

_ _ _

→ Read and Write Fractions Write a fraction for the

shaded part. Write a fraction for the unshaded part.

6. 7.
shaded: __ shaded: __
unshaded: __ unshaded: __
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

WITH
TM

The electricity that powers our appliances is converted

from many sources of energy. About __
5
10
is made from coal,
about __
2 from natural gas, and about __
10
2 from nuclear
10
power. Be a Math Detective. About how much of our
electricity comes from sources other than coal, natural gas,
or nuclear power?

GO Assessment Options: Soar to Success Math Chapter 7 265

Online
 Vocabulary Builder
→ Visualize It
Complete the bubble map using the words with a ✓. Review Words

Associative Property
of Addition
Commutative
Property of
Addition
✓ denominator
fraction
fraction
✓ numerator
simplest form

Preview Words

✓ mixed number
✓ unit fraction

→ Understand Vocabulary
Write the word or phrase that matches the description.

1. When the numerator and denominator have only 1 as a

common factor

___

2. A number that names a part of a whole or part of a group

___ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. An amount given as a whole number and a fraction

___

4. The number in a fraction that tells how many equal parts

are in the whole or in the group ___

5. A fraction that has a numerator of one ___

266
GO • eStudent Edition • Multimedia eGlossary
Online
 Lesson 7.1
Name
Add and Subtract Parts of a Whole
Essential Question When can you add or subtract parts of a whole?

Investigate
Investigate
Materials n fraction circles n color pencils

Ms. Clark has the following pie pieces left over from a bake sale.

She will combine the pieces so they are on the same dish. How
much pie will be on the dish?

A. Model the problem using fraction circles. Draw a picture

of your model. Then write the sum.

1 5

__ 1 __ 5 __
So, __ of a pie is on the dish.

B. Suppose Ms. Clark eats 2 pieces of the pie. How much pie
will be left on the dish? Model the problem using fraction
circles. Draw a picture of your model. Then write the difference.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

__ 2 __ 5 __
So, __ of the pie is left on the dish.

Chapter 7 267
Draw Conclusions
1. Kevin says that when you combine 3 pieces of pie and 1
piece of pie, you have 4 pieces of pie. Explain how Kevin’s
statement is related to the equation 3_6 1 1_6 5 4_6 .

2. Isabel wrote the equation 1_2 1 1_6 5 4_6 and Jonah wrote
_ 1 1_ 5 4_ to represent combining the pie pieces. Explain why
3
6 6 6
both equations are correct.

3. If there is 4_6 of a pie on a plate, what part of the pie

is missing from the plate? Write an equation to justify your
answer.

Make ConnectionsN
You can only join or separate parts that refer to the same whole.

Suppose Randy has 1_4 of a round cake and 1_4 of a square cake.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Give an example of a situation

where the equation 1_4 1 1_4 5 2_4 makes
sense. Explain your reasoning.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

a. Are the wholes the same? Explain.

b. Does the sum _14 1 1_4 5 2_4 make sense in this situation? Explain.

268
 Name

Share and Show

Use the model to write an equation.
1. 2.

1 5

3. 4.
1 5 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Use the model to solve the equation.

3 1 5 1
5. __ 2 __ 5 6. __ 1 __ 5
4 4 __ 6 6 __

1 1 5
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4

7. Sean has _15 of a cupcake and 1_5 of a large cake.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

a. Are the wholes the same? Explain.

b. Does the sum _15 1 1_5 5 2_5 make sense in this situation? Explain.

Chapter 7 • Lesson 1 269

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Sense or Nonsense?
8. Samantha and Kim used different models to help find _13 1 1_6 .
Whose model makes sense? Whose model is nonsense?
Explain your reasoning below each model.

Samantha’s Model Kim’s Model

1 1

1
__ 1
__ 1
__ 1
__
1 1
3 6 3 6

9. Draw a model you could use to add _14 1 1_2 .

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

270 Standards Practice Book, pp. P133–P134
 Lesson 7.2
Name
Write Fractions as Sums
Essential Question How can you write a fraction as a sum of fractions
with the same denominators?

UNLOCK the Problem

Emilio cut a sandwich into 8 equal pieces and ate 1 piece.
He has _87 of the sandwich left. Emilio put each remaining
piece on a snack plate. How many snack plates did he
use? What part of the sandwich did he put on each plate?

Each piece of the sandwich is 1_8 of the whole. 1_8 is called

a unit fraction because it tells the part of the whole that
1 piece represents. A unit fraction always has a
numerator of 1.

Example 1 Write 78_ as a sum of unit fractions.

75
__
8 _1_1_1_1_1_1_

The number of addends represents the number of plates used.

The unit fractions represent the part of the sandwich on each plate.

So, Emilio used _ plates. He put _ of a sandwich on each plate.

1. What if Emilio ate 3 pieces of the sandwich instead of 1 piece?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many snack plates would he need? What part of the

sandwich would be on each plate? Explain.

Chapter 7 271
 Example 2 Write a fraction as a sum.

Kevin and Olivia are going to share a whole pizza. The pizza is
cut into 6 equal slices. They will put the slices on two separate
dishes. What part of the whole pizza could be on each dish?

Shade the models to show three different ways Kevin and Olivia
could share the pizza. Write an equation for each model.

Think: 6_6 5 1 whole pizza.

5 1

5 1
_ _

5 1

5 1
_ _

5 1

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5 1 If there were 8 dishes,
_ _
could 1_6 of the whole pizza be on
each dish? Explain.

2. What if 3 friends share the pizza and they put the pizza slices
on three separate dishes? What part of the pizza could be on
each dish? Write equations to support your answer.

272
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Write 3_4 as a sum of unit fractions.

35
__ 1 1
4 _ _ _

Write the fraction as a sum of unit fractions.

2. 3.
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3

55
__ 25
__
6 ___ 3 ___
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how the

numerator in 5_6 is related to the
On Your OwnN number of addends in the sum of
its unit fractions.
Write the fraction as a sum of unit fractions.
4
4. ___ 5
6
5. __ 5
12 ____ 8 ____

Write the fraction as a sum of fractions three different ways.

8
6. ___
6
7. __
10 6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. How many different ways can you write a fraction that has a
numerator of 2 as a sum of fractions? Explain.

Chapter 7 • Lesson 2 273

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

9. Holly’s garden is divided into 5 equal sections. She will fence

the garden into 3 areas by grouping some equal sections
together. What part of the garden could each fenced area be?
a. What information do you need to use?

b. How can writing an equation help you solve the problem?

c. How can drawing a model help you write an equation?

d. Show how you can solve the problem. e. Complete the sentence.

The garden can be fenced into _,

_, and _ parts or _,

_, and _ parts.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. What is __
7 __
9
11. Test Prep Which is equivalent to 12 ?
10 written as a sum of unit
fractions? 5 1 ___
3
A ___
12 12
3 1 ___
B ___ 2 1 ___
1 1 ___
1
12 12 12 12
5 1 ___
C ___ 2 1 ___
2
12 12 12
4 1 ___
D ___ 4 1 ___
1 1 ___
1
12 12 12 12

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

274 Standards Practice Book, pp. P135–P136
 Lesson 7.3
Name
Add Fractions Using Models
Essential Question How can you add fractions with like denominators
using models?

UNLOCK the Problem

Ms. Clark made a loaf of bread. She used 1_8 of the bread
for a snack and 5_8 of the bread for lunch. How much did
she use for a snack and lunch?

One Way Use a picture. Another Way Use fraction strips.

_1 is _ eighth-size piece of bread. The 1 strip represents the whole loaf.
8
_5 is _ eighth-size pieces of bread. Each 18_ part represents 1 eighth-size piece of
8
bread.
Shade 1 eighth-size piece. Then shade
5 eighth-size pieces. Shade 1_8 . Then shade 5_8 .

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Think: The pieces you
shaded represent the 1 5 Think: The model
snack lunch pieces Ms. Clark used. 8 8 shows 1_8 1 5_8 .

So, Ms. Clark used _ eighth-size How many 1_8 -size parts are shaded? _

pieces, or ___ Write the sum. 1_8 1 5_8 5 ____

8 of the bread. 8

So, Ms. Clark used _ of the bread.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
1. Explain how the numerator of the sum is related to the
Explain why
fraction strip model. _1 1 5_8 fi __
6
.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8 16

2. Explain how the denominator of the sum is related to the

fraction strip model.

Chapter 7 275
 Example
Jacob needs two strips of wood to make masts for a miniature
sailboat. One mast will be 3_6 foot long. The other mast will be 62_ foot
long. He has a strip of wood that is 4_6 foot long. Is this strip of wood
long enough to make both masts?

Shade the model to show _36 1 2_6 .

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 6 6 6 6 6

Write the sum. _63 + 2_6 5 ___

6

Is the sum less than or greater than _46 ? __

So, the strip of wood __ long enough to make both masts.

3. Explain how you used the number line to determine if the

sum was less than 4_6 .

4. What if each mast was 2_6 foot long? Could Jacob use the
strip of wood to make both masts? Explain.

Share and ShowN © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

N1. Gary’s cat ate 3_5 of a bag of cat treats in September and
_ of the same bag of cat treats in October. What part of the
1
5
bag of cat treats did Gary’s cat eat in both months?

Use the model to find the sum 3_5 1 1_5 .

How many fifth-size pieces are shown? _

_3 1 _15 5 ___ of a bag

5 5
3 1
5 1 5

276
 Name

Use the model to find the sum.

2. 3.
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

1 1 2 6 3
4 4 1 10
10
1
__ 1 2
__5 6 1 ___
___ 3 5
4 4 _ 10 10 _

Find the sum. Use models to help.

3 3
4. __ 1 __ 5 __
5 2
5. __ 1 __ 5 __
1 1
6. __ 1 __ 5 __
6 6 8 8 3 3

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

On Your OwnN Explain how to add 2_6 1 3_6 .

Find the sum. Use models to help.
5 2
7. __ 1 __ 5 __
2 2
8. __ 1 __ 5 __
4 1
9. __ 1 __ 5 __
8 8 5 5 6 6

1 4
10. ___ 1 ___ 5 __
1 1
11. __ 1 __ 5 __
5 5
12. ___ 1 ___ 5 __
10 10 4 4 12 12

Problem Solving
13. Jin is putting colored sand in a jar. She filled
__
2 __
4
10 of the jar with blue sand and 10 of the jar with pink sand.
Describe one way to model the part of the jar filled with sand.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

14. A sum has five addends. Each addend is a unit

fraction. The sum is 1. What are the addends?

15. Test Prep Rita needs 4_8 yard of ribbon to wrap a gift for her sister
and 2_8 yard of ribbon to wrap a gift for a friend. How much ribbon
does she need to wrap both gifts?
A 3
__ yard B 6
__ yard C 7
__ yard D 8
__ yard
8 8 8 8
Chapter 7 • Lesson 3 277
 Stained Glass Windows
Have you ever seen a stained glass window in a
building or home? Artists have been designing
stained glass windows for thousands of years.
Help design the stained glass sail
on the boat below.

Materials n color pencils

Look at the eight triangles in the sail. Use the
guide below to color the triangles:

• 2_8 blue

• 3_8 red

• 2_8 orange

• 1_8 yellow

16. Write an equation that shows the 17. What part of the sail is orange or yellow?
fraction of triangles that are red Explain how you found the answer.
or blue.

18. What color is the greatest part of the 19. Pose a Problem Write a
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

sail? Write a fraction for that color. How problem about the sail that uses addition
do you know that fraction is greater than of fractions.
the other fractions? Explain.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

278 Standards Practice Book, pp. P137–P138
 Lesson 7.4
Name
Subtract Fractions Using Models
Essential Question How can you subtract fractions with like
denominators using models?

UNLOCK the Problem

A rover needs to travel 5_8 mile to reach its destination. It has already
traveled 3_8 mile. How much farther does the rover need to travel?
Compare fractions to find the difference.

STEP 1 Shade the model.

Shade the model to show the total distance.

Then shade the model to show how much distance the
rover has already covered.

0 81 82 83 84 85 68 87 88

Total distance

Distance traveled

Think: The difference is _.

STEP 2 Write the difference.

523
__ __ 5 ____
8 8 8

So, the rover needs to travel _ mile farther.

1. Explain how the model shows how much farther the rover
needs to travel.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. Explain how you can use the model to find _68 2 2_8 .

Chapter 7 279
 Example
Sam ordered a small pizza, which was cut
into 6 equal slices. He ate 2_6 of the pizza and • How much pizza did Sam begin with?
put the rest away for later. How much of the
pizza did he put away for later?
• How many slices are in the whole? _
Find 1 2 _26 .
• How many slices did Sam eat? _

One Way Use a picture. Another Way Use fraction strips.

Shade 1 whole. Use six 16_ -size parts to model the whole pizza.

1
1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6
How many 1_6 -size parts should you cross out to

model the slices Sam ate? _

Cross out the parts Sam ate.
How many 1_6 -size parts are left? _
Think: He ate 2_6 of the pizza, or 2 sixth-size parts. Write the difference.

How many sixth-size parts are left? _

1 2 ____ 5 ____

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why it
So, Sam put _ of the pizza away for later. makes sense to think of 1
whole as 6_6 in this problem.

3. Explain how the equation _66 2 2_6 5 4_6 is related to the problem situation.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. Explain how you could find the unknown addend in

_2 1 n 5 1 without using a model.
6

280
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Lisa needs _45 pound of shrimp to make shrimp salad. She has 1_5
pound of shrimp. How much more shrimp does Lisa need to
make the salad?
_4 _1 . 0 51 25 53 45 55
Subtract 5 – 5 Use the model to help.

Shade the model to show how much shrimp Lisa needs.

Then shade the model to show how much shrimp Lisa has.
Compare the difference between the two shaded rows.

_4 2 _15 5 ___ pound

5 5

Lisa needs _ pound more shrimp.

Use the model to find the difference.

3 2
2. __ 2 __ 5 ___
8 3
3. ___ 2 ___ 5 ___
6 6 6 10 10 10

1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Subtract. Use models to help.

5 2
4. __ 2 __ 5 _
7 2
5. ___ 2 ___ 5 _
3 2
6. __ 2 __ 5 _
8 8 12 12 4 4

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why the numerator

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

changes when you subtract fractions

On Your OwnN with like denominators, but the
denominator doesn’t.
Subtract. Use models to help.
2 1
7. __ 2 __ 5 _
7 5
8. __ 2 __ 5 _
4 2
9. ___ 2 ___ 5 _
3 3 8 8 12 12

2 1
10. __ 2 __ 5 _
9 3
11. ___ 2 ___ 5 _
5
12. 1 2 __ 5 _
4 4 10 10 8

6 5
13. __ 2 __ 5 _
1
14. 1 2 __ 5 _
4 2
15. __ 2 __ 5 _
8 8 3 5 5

Chapter 7 • Lesson 4 281

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

16. Mrs. Ruiz served a pie for dessert two nights in a row.
The drawings below show the pie after her family ate
dessert on each night. What fraction of the pie did
they eat on the second night?
First night Second night

2
A ___ 5
B ___ 7
C ___ 10
D ___
12 12 12 12
a. What do you need to know?–

b. How can you find the number of pieces eaten on the second night?–

c. Explain the steps you used to solve d. Complete the sentences.

the problem.
After the first night, _ pieces were left.

After the second night, _ pieces

were left.

So, _ of the pie was eaten on

the second night.

e. Fill in the bubble for the correct answer

choice above.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

17. Judi ate _78 of a small pizza and Jack ate 2_8 18. Dani’s bean plant grew _68 inch the first
of a second small pizza. How much more week and _2 inch the second week. How
8
of a pizza did Judi eat? much less did Dani’s plant grow the
8 6 second week?
A __ C __
8 8 8 inch 4 inch
5 A __ C __
B 1 D __ 8 8
8 6 inch 2 inch
B __ D __
8 8

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

282 Standards Practice Book, pp. P139–P140
 Lesson 7.5
Name
Add and Subtract Fractions
Essential Question How can you add and subtract fractions with like
denominators?

UNLOCK the Problem

Julie is making a poster for a book report. The directions
say to use 1_5 of the poster to describe the setting, 2_5 of
the poster to describe the characters, and the rest of the
poster to describe the plot. What part of the poster will
she use to describe the plot?

Example Use a model.

Shade _ to represent the part for the setting.

Shade _ to represent the part for the characters.

1
1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5

• Write an equation for the part of the poster used for

the setting and characters. ___

• What does the part of the model that is not shaded represent?

___________

• Write an equation for the part of the poster she will use for the plot.

___________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

So, Julie will use _ of the poster to describe the plot. Why should Julie divide
her poster into 5 equal parts
instead of 3 equal parts? Explain.

1. What’s the Error? Luke says _15 1 2_5 5 __

3
10 . Describe his error.

Chapter 7 283
 Common Denominators Fractions with common denominators
represent wholes divided into the same number of equal-size parts.
To add or subtract fractions with the same denominator, you can
add or subtract the number of parts given in the numerators.

Example Complete each equation.

Words Fractions

1 fourth-size part 1 2 fourth-size parts 5 _ fourth-size parts 1 1 2_ 5 ____

_
4 4 4

3 1 2_ 5 ____
_
3 sixth-size parts 1 2 sixth-size parts 5 ___ 6 6

____ 2 ____ 5 ____

7 tenth-size parts 2 4 tenth-size parts 5 ___

2. Sense or Nonsense? Brian says that when you add or subtract

fractions with the same denominator, you can add or subtract
the numerators and keep the same denominator. Is Brian correct? Explain.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Share and ShowN

Explain why
__
11 2 5_6 fi 6_6 .
12
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1. 9 twelfth-size parts 2 5 twelfth-size parts 5 ___

9 2 ___
___ 5 5
12 12 _

Find the sum or difference.

3 8
2. ___ 1 ___ 5 _
1 1
3. __ 1 __ 5 _
3 1
4. __ 2 __ 5 _
12 12 3 3 4 4
2 2
5. __ 1 __ 5 _
3 1
6. __ 1 __ 5 _
6 2
7. ___ 2 ___ 5 _
6 6 8 8 10 10

284
 Name

On Your OwnN
Find the sum or difference.
1 1
8. __ 1 __ 5
5 4
9. __ 2 __ 5
4 2
10. __ 2 __ 5
2 2 _ 6 6 _ 5 5 _

1 3
11. ___ 1 ___ 5
5 1
12. ___ 2 ___ 5
3 2
13. __ 1 __ 5
10 10 _ 12 12 _ 8 8 _

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the sum or difference.

1 1
14. __ 1 __ 5
9 5
15. ___ 2 ___ 5
1 7
16. ___ 1 ___ 5
4 4 _ 10 10 _ 12 12 _

Algebra Find the unknown fraction.

2
17. __ 1
6
__ 18. 1 2
3
__ 4
19. __ 2
1
__
8 _58 _54 5 _55

20. A city worker is painting a stripe down

the center of Main Street. Main Street is 10 __
8
mile long.
__
4
The worker painted 10 mile of the street. Explain how
to find what part of a mile is left to paint.

21. The length of a rope was 6_8 yard. Jeff cut the rope
into 3 pieces. Each piece is a different length measured in
eighths of a yard. What is the length of each piece of rope?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Test Prep Otis has 1 cup of granola. He added _38 cup to a
bowl of yogurt. How much granola is left?
2 cup
A __ 5 cup
C __
8 8

3 cup
B __ 8 cup
D __
8 8

Chapter 7 • Lesson 5 285

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Sense or Nonsense?
23. Harry says that _14 1 1_8 5 2_8 . Jane says 1_4 1 1
_ 5 3_ .
8 8
Whose answer makes sense? Whose answer is
nonsense? Explain your reasoning. Draw a
model to help.

Harry Jane
1 +1 =2 1 +1 =3
4 8 8 4 8 8

Model

Harry Jane

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

286 Standards Practice Book, pp. P141–P142
 Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint
→ Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
fraction
1. A ___ always has a numerator of 1. (p. 271)
simplest form
2. A number that names part of a whole is a unit fraction

___.
→ Check Concepts
Write the fraction as a sum of unit fractions.
3
3. ___ 5
6
4. __ 5
10 ____ 6 ____
Use the model to write an equation.
5. 6.
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6

Use the model to solve the equation.

3 2
7. __ 1 __ 5
4 5
8. ___ 1 ___ 5
8 8 _ 10 10 _

1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 2 4 5
8 8 10 10

Find the sum or difference.

9 7
9. ___ 2 ___ 5
2 1
10. __ 1 __ 5
1 3
11. __ 1 __ 5
12 12 __ 3 3 __ 5 5 _

2 2
12. __ 1 __ 5
4 2
13. __ 2 __ 5
7 4
14. __ 2 __ 5
6 6 __ 4 4 __ 8 8 _

Chapter 7 287
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

15. Tyrone mixed __

7 __
1
12 quart of red paint with 12 quart of yellow
paint. How much paint does Tyrone have in the mixture?
8 quart
A ___
24
6 quart
B ___
12
8 quart
C ___
12
D 12
___ quart
12
16. Jorge lives _68 mile from school and 2_8 mile from a ballpark.
How much farther does Jorge live from school than from
the ballpark?
4 mile
A ___
16
B 4
__ mile
8
C 8
__ mile
8
D 8 miles

17. Su Ling started an art project with 1 yard of felt. She used
_5 yard. How much felt does Su Ling have left?
6
1 yard
A __
6
B 4
__ yard
6
C 5
__ yard
6
D 6
__ yard
6
18. Eloise hung artwork on _25 of a bulletin board. She hung math
papers on 1_ of the same bulletin board. What part of the
5
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

bulletin board has artwork or math papers?

1
A ___
10
B 1
__
5
3
C ___
10
D 3
__
5

288
 Lesson 7.6
Name
Rename Fractions and Mixed Numbers
Essential Question How can you rename mixed numbers as fractions
greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers?

UNLOCK the Problem

Mr. Fox has 2 3_6 loaves of corn bread. Each loaf
was cut into 1_6 -size pieces. If he has 14 people • What is the size of 1 piece of bread
relative to the whole?
over for dinner, is there enough bread for each
person to have 1 piece?
• How much bread does Mr. Fox need for
A mixed number is a number represented by 14 people?
a whole number and a fraction. You can write a
mixed number as a fraction.

To find how many _16 -size pieces are in 2 3_6 , write

2 3_6 as a fraction.

Example Write a mixed number as a fraction.

THINK MODEL AND RECORD
3.
STEP 1 Model 2__
6

1 1 3
6
__ 5 _ 1 _ 1 ____
23
6

STEP 2 Find how many 1_6 -size

pieces are in each
whole. Model 2 3_6 using
only 1_6 -size pieces.
6 6 3
6 6 6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23
__ 5 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____
6

STEP 3 Find the total number Think: Find 6

__ 1 6
__ 1 3
__.
of 1_6 -size pieces in 2 3_6 . 6 6 6

23
__ 5 ____
6
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

There are _ sixth-size pieces in 2 _36 . Explain how to

write 1 1_4 as a fraction without
So, there is enough bread for 14 people to each have 1 piece. using a model.

Chapter 7 289
 Example Write a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number.
To weave a bracelet, Charlene needs 7 pieces of brown
thread. Each piece of thread must be 1_3 yard long. How
much thread should she buy to weave the bracelet?

Write _73 as a mixed number.

THINK MODEL AND RECORD

STEP 1 Model 7
__.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

7
__ 5 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____1 ____ 1 ____
3

STEP 2 Find how many wholes are in 7_3 , and how 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

many thirds are left over. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 1
3 51 3 51 3

75
__
3
_ 1 _ 1 ____

STEP 3 Write 7_3 as a mixed number.

75
__ ____
3

So, Charlene should buy _ yards of thread. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share and Show

Write the unknown numbers. Write mixed numbers above
the number line and fractions greater than one below the number line.
1.
1 1 61 1 63 1 65 2 2 61 2 63 2 65 3

6 8 10 13 15 17 18
6 6 6 6 6 6 6

290
 Name

Write the mixed number as a fraction.

1
2. 1__
3
3. 1__
2
4. 1__
8 5 3

Write the fraction as a mixed number.

11
5. ___
6
6. __
13
7. ___
4 5 10

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Describe how you

can compare 1 3_5 and 7_5 .

On Your Own
Write the mixed number as a fraction.

8. 2___
7 2
9. 3__
2
10. 4__
10 3 5

Write the fraction as a mixed number.

9
11. __
11
12. ___
12
13. ___
5 10 2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra Find the unknown numbers.

13 n
14. ___ 5 1__ 15. n 5__6 5 23
___ 57 n
16. ___ 5 n ___
7 7 6 11 11

Chapter 7 • Lesson 6 291

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the recipe to solve 17–19.

17. Cal is making energy squares. How

many _1 cups of peanut butter are used
2
in the recipe?

18. What is the amount of bran cereal, written

as a fraction greater than 1, that is used in
the recipe?

19. Suppose Cal wants to make 2 times

as many energy squares as the recipe makes.
How many cups of bran cereal should he use?
Write your answer as a mixed number and as
a fraction greater than 1 in simplest form.

20. Cal added 2 _38 cups of raisins. Write this

mixed number as a fraction greater than
1 in simplest form.

21. Jenn is preparing brown rice. She

needs 1 1_2 cups of brown rice and 2 cups
of water. Jenn has only a 1_8 -cup measuring
cup. How many 1_8 cups each of rice and
water will Jenn use to prepare the rice? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Test Prep Which fraction greater than 1 can

you write for 4 _5 ?
9
9
A __ 41
C ___
9 9
B 18
___ D 45
___
9 9

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

292 Standards Practice Book, pp. P143–P144
 Lesson 7.7
Name
Add and Subtract Mixed Numbers
Essential Question How can you add and subtract mixed numbers with
like denominators?

UNLOCK the Problem

After a party, there were 1 4_6 quesadillas
left on one tray and 2 3_6 quesadillas • What operation will you use?
left on another tray. How much of the
quesadillas were left?
• Is the sum of the fractional parts of the
mixed numbers greater than 1?

Example Add mixed numbers.

THINK MODEL RECORD

Think: Shade to model 4_6 1 3_6 .

14
STEP 1 Add the __
fractional parts 6
of the mixed
numbers. + 23
__
_ 6
___

14
STEP 2 Add the whole- Think: Shade to model 1 1 2. __
number parts 6
of the mixed
numbers. + 23
__
_ 6
7
__
6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

STEP 3 Rename the sum. Think: 7_6 is greater than 1. Group the __ = 3 + 6
wholes together to rename the sum. 37 __ + ___
6 6
The model shows a total of

wholes and ____ left over. = 3 + 1 + ___ = ___

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
So, _ quesadillas were left.
When modeling sums such as
_4
and 3_6 , why is it helpful to combine
6
parts into wholes when possible? Explain.

Chapter 7 293
 Example Subtract mixed numbers.
Alejandro had 3 4_6 quesadillas. His family
ate 2 3_6 of the quesadillas. How many
quesadillas are left?

Find 3 4_6 2 2 3_6 .

MODEL RECORD
Shade the model to show 3 _46 . Subtract the fractional parts of the mixed
numbers.
Then cross out 2 3_6 to model the subtraction.
Then subtract the whole-number parts of the
mixed numbers.
4
3__
6
– 23
__
_ 6
___

The difference is _.

So, there are _ quesadillas left.

Share and Show

Write the sum as a mixed number © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

with the fractional part less than 1.

1. 11__ Add whole Add 2. 14__ 3. 21__

6 numbers. fractions. 5 2
+3 3
__ +7 2
__ +3 1
__
__ 6 __ 5 __ 2
+ +
+ =
_

294
 Name

Find the difference.

4.
7
3 ____ 5. 42__ 6.
9
6 ____
12 3 10
5
–2 ____ –3 1
__ 7
–3 ____
__ 12 __ 3 __ 10 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how
adding and subtracting
mixed numbers is different
from adding and subtracting
fractions.

On Your Own
Write the sum as a mixed number
with the fractional part less than 1.

7. 74__ 8. 81__ 9. 54
__ 10.
5
3 ____
6 3 8 12
2
+4 3
__ +3 2
__ +35
__ +4 ____
12
__ 6 __ 3 __8 __

Find the difference.

11. 57__ 12.

7
5 ____ 13.
5
3 ____ 14. 73__
8 12 10 4
–2 3
__ 1
–4 ____ 3
–1 ____ –2 2
__
__ 8 __ 12 __ 10 __ 4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the sum or difference.

3 7
15. 1 __ 1 2 __
5
16. 6 __ 2 4
1
17. 9 __ 1 8 __
1
8 8 8 2 2
3 3
18. 6 __ 1 4 __
7 4
19. 8 ___ 2 ___
3
20. 7 __ 2 6 __
3
5 5 10 10 5 5

Chapter 7 • Lesson 7 295

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Solve. Write your answer as a mixed number.

21. The driving distance from Alex’s house to the museum is

6 __
7 miles. What is the round-trip distance?
10

22. The driving distance from the sports arena to Kristina’s house is
10 __
9
miles. The distance from the sports arena to Luke’s house
10
is2 __
7
10
miles. How much greater is the driving distance between
the sports arena and Kristina’s house than between the sports
arena and Luke’s house?

23. Benji biked from his house to the nature preserve, a distance of
23 _45 miles. Jade biked from her house to the lake, a distance
of 12 2_ miles. How many fewer miles did Jade bike than Benji?
5

24. During the Samson family trip, they drove from home
to a ski lodge, a distance of 55 4_5 miles, and then drove an
additional 12 4_5 miles to visit friends. If the family drove the
same route back home, what was the distance traveled
during their trip?

25. Test Prep Jeff used 4 _78 cups of orange juice and 3 1_8 cups
of pineapple juice to make tropical punch. How much more
orange juice than pineapple juice did Jeff use?
A 3
__ cup
4

B 13
__ cups
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

C 17
__ cups
8

D 8 cups

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

296 Standards Practice Book, pp. P145–P146
 Lesson 7.8
Name
Subtraction with Renaming
Essential Question How can you rename a mixed number to help
you subtract?

UNLOCK the Problem

Bruce, Chandler, and Chase go bike riding on
weekends. On one weekend, Chase rode his • Which operation will you use?
bike for 3 hours, Chandler rode her bike for 2 1_4
hours, and Bruce rode his bike for 1 3_4 hours. • In the problem, circle the numbers that
How much longer did Chandler ride her bike you need to use to find a solution.
than Bruce did?

One WayFind 21_4 2 13_4.

Use a model.
Shade the model to show how long Chandler rode her bike.
Then shade the model to show how long Bruce rode his bike.

0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 22 2 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Chandler

Bruce

Think: The difference is _.

So, Chandler rode her bike _ hour longer than Bruce did.

1. If you have 1 fourth-size part, can you take away

3 fourth-size parts? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. If you have 1 whole and 1 fourth-size part, can you

take away 3 fourth-size parts? Explain.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you can

find how much longer Chase
rode his bike than Chandler did.

Chapter 7 297
 One Way Rename the first mixed number.
__ 2 33
Find the difference. 51 __
8 8
STEP 1 Think:
Rename 51
__ as a mixed
8
number with a fraction 51
__
=4+1+1
__
8 8
greater than 1.
= 4 + _____ + 1
__
8 8 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you

= need to rename 5 1_8 .

STEP 2

51
Subtract the mixed __ =
numbers. 8

–33
__ = –33
__
8 8

Another Way Rename both mixed numbers.

Find the difference. 3 __
4 2 1 __
12
6
12

STEP 1
4 = ______
3____ 6 = _______
1____
Rename both mixed 12 12 12 12
numbers as fractions
greater than 1.

STEP 2
____
Subtract the fractions 12
greater than 1.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

– ____
12

• Explain how you could rename 5 to subtract 3 _4 .

1

298
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Rename both mixed numbers as fractions. Find the difference.

33
__ =
6
_____
6
−14
__ = − _____
6 6

Find the difference.

7 5
2. 11
__ 3. 4 ___
10
4. 3___
12
3
–2
__ 9
–1 ___ 8
– ___
_3 __ 10 __12

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Describe how you

would model 13
___ 2 8
__.
6 6

On Your OwnN
Find the difference.

5.
1
8 ___
10
6. 2 7. 41
__
5
9 – 11
__
– 2___
10 _4 – 32
__
__ _ 5
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the difference.

1 5 9 10 3 7 3
8. 4__ 2 2__ 9. 6___ 2 3___ 10. 3___ 2 ___ 11. 4 2 2__
6 6 12 12 10 10 5

1
12. 5__ 2 2__
3 9 11
13. 3___ 2 1___
3 7
14. 7___ 2 4___
3 5
15. 2__ 2 1__
4 4 12 12 10 10 8 8

Chapter 7 • Lesson 8 299

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Rename the fractions to solve.

Many instruments are coiled or curved so that they

are easier for the musician to play, but they would be
quite long if straightened out completely.

16. Trumpets and cornets are brass instruments. Fully

stretched out, the length of a trumpet is 5 _14 feet
and the length of a cornet is 4 2_ feet. The trumpet
4
is how much longer than the cornet?

17. Bassoons and double bassoons are woodwind

instruments. Fully stretched out, the length of a
bassoon is 9 __
2 feet and the length of a double
12
bassoon is 18 __
1 feet. The double bassoon is how
12
much longer than the bassoon?

18. Tubas, trombones, and French horns are brass

instruments. Fully stretched out, the length of a
__
11
tuba is 18 feet, the length of a trombone is 9 12
__
1 feet.
feet, and the length of a French horn is 17 12
The tuba is how much longer than the French
horn? The French horn is how much longer than
the trombone?

19. The pitch of a musical instrument is

related to its length. In general, the greater the
length of a musical instrument, the lower its pitch.
Order the brass instruments identified on this
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

page from lowest pitch to the highest pitch.

20. Test Prep Sam ran 2 _25 miles on Saturday and 1 4_5
miles on Monday. How many more miles did Sam
run on Saturday than on Monday?
3 mile
A __ C 12
__ miles
5 5
4 mile
B __ 4 miles
D 1__
5 5
FOR MORE PRACTICE:
300 Standards Practice Book, pp. P147–P148
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 7.9
Fractions and Properties of Addition
Essential Question How can you add fractions with like denominators
using the properties of addition?

CONNECT The Associative and Commutative Properties of Addition can

help you group and order addends to find sums mentally. You can use
mental math to combine fractions that have a sum of 1.

• The Commutative Property of Addition states that when the

order of two addends is changed, the sum is the same. For
example, 4 1 5 5 5 1 4.

• The Associative Property of Addition states that when the

grouping of addends is changed, the sum is the same. For
example, (5 1 8) 1 4 5 5 1 (8 1 4).

UNLOCK the Problem

The map shows four lighthouses in the Florida Keys
and their distances apart in miles. The Dry Tortugas
Lighthouse is the farthest west, and the Alligator
34 150
Reef Lighthouse is the farthest east. 43 160
70 150

What is the distance from the Dry Tortugas Lighthouse

to the Alligator Reef Lighthouse, traveling between the
four lighthouses?

Use the properties to order and group.

5 1 43 ___
Add. 70 ___ 6 1 34 ___
5
10 10 10 Use the Commutative
Property to order the
70 ___ 6 + 34 ___
5 + 43 ___ 5 =_+_+_ addends so that the fractions
10 10 10 with a sum of 1 are together.
Use the Associative Property
= (_ + _) + _ to group the addends that
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

you can add mentally.

Add the grouped numbers,
= (_) + _ and then add the other
mixed number.

=_ Write the sum.

So, the distance from the Dry Tortugas Lighthouse to the

Alligator Reef Lighthouse, traveling between the four lighthouses, is

_ miles.

Chapter 7 301
Try This! Use the properties and mental math to solve. Show
each step, and name the property used.

1 1_3 + (2 + 3 2_3 )

Share and Show

1. Complete. Name the property used.

(3104 + 5102 ) + 106 = (5102 + 3104 ) + _

____ ____ ____ ____ ____
_____
= 5 2 + (3 4 + _)
____ ____
_____
10 10
2 +
= 5 ____
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

10 _ Describe how you

could use the properties to
=_ find the sum 1 1_3 1 2 5_8 11 2_3 .

Use the properties and mental math to find the sum.

2. (278 + 328) + 118

__ __ __ 3. 12
5 (
__ + 1 + 3
__
5)
4. 53
__ + (5 5
6
__ + 4 3
6
__)
6

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. (11 __) + 2 3
__ + 11 __ 6. (12 4 __) + 3 5
__ + 1 2 __ 3 8 9
7. ____ + (1____ + ____)
4 4 4 9 9 9 12 12 12

302
 Name

On Your Own
Use the properties and mental math to find the sum.
(1
3
1
3
2
)
8. 45 __ 1 6 __ 1 38 __
3
1
2
1
9. __ 1 103 __ 1 12
2 ( ) 10. (3___
10 ) 105
5 1 10 1 11___

4
(
3 6
11. 1___ 1 37 ___ 1 ___
10 10 10 ) 12. (___
3
12 12) 12
5 1 ___
1 10 ___ 9 7
(
3 1
13. 5 __ 1 6__ 1 __
8 8 8 )

Use the expressions in the box for 14–15.

14. Which property of addition would be best to solve
Expression A? 11
A __
8 (7__8 1 4__8)
B 1
__ 1 2
2
15. Which two expressions have the same value?
C 3
__ 1
7 (1__2 1 4__7)
D 1
__ 1 412
__ __
3 3 3
16. Test Prep Shari represented the perimeter of a triangle she
(
measured using the expression 1 _1 1 2 1 2 1_ . How could
2 2 )
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Shari rewrite the expression using both the Associative and

Commutative Properties?
A 3 1 21
__
2
B 1 1 21
1
__
2 (
__ 1 2
2 )
(
C 1 1 2 1 21
1
__
2
__
2 )
1
(
__
D 1 12 12
2
1
__
2 )

Chapter 7 • Lesson 9 303

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Pose a Problem
17. Costumes are being made for the high school
musical. The table at the right shows the amount
of fabric needed for the costumes of the male
Costume Fabric (in Yards)
and female leads. Alice uses the expression
7 3_8 1 1 5_8 1 2 4_8 to find the total amount of fabric Female Lead Male Lead
Material Costume Costume
needed for the costume of the female lead.
Silk 7
_
3
1
2 _
To find the value of the expression using mental 8 8

math, Alice used the properties of addition. Felt 1

_5
2
3 _
8 8
73
__ 1 15 __ 5 73
__ 1 24
(__ 1 15
__ 1 24
) __ Cotton 24_ 5
6 _
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Alice added 7 1 1 and was able to quickly add

3 and 5
__ __ to the sum of 8 to get 9. She added 24
__
8 8 4. 8
to 9, so her answer was 11__
8
So, the amount of fabric needed for the
costume of the female lead actor is 114
__ yards.
8
Write a new problem using the information for the costume for
the male lead actor.
Pose a Problem Solve your problem. Check your solution.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• Explain how using the properties of addition makes both problems easier to solve.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

304 Standards Practice Book, pp. P149–P150
 PROBLEM SOLVING
Name
Lesson 7.10
Problem Solving • Multistep Fraction
Problems
Essential Question How can you use the strategy act it out to solve
multistep problems with fractions?

UNLOCK the Problem

A gift shop sells walnuts in 3_4 -pound bags. Ann will buy
some bags of walnuts and repackage them into 1-pound
bags. What is the least number of 3_4 -pound bags Ann could
buy, if she wants to fill each 1-pound bag, without leftovers?

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find? Describe how to act it out. Use fraction circles.

I need to find how many One _34 -pound bag Not enough for a 1-pound bag

__ bags of walnuts 1 1 1 1
Ann needs to make 1-pound 4 4 4 4

bags of walnuts, without leftovers. 1 1

_3
1 1
4 4
4
5 3_4 4 4

What information do I need

Two _34 -pound bags One 1-pound bag with
to use? _ pound left over
2
4
The bags she will buy contain
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
_ pound of walnuts. She 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
will repackage the walnuts into 4 4 4 4 3_
1 3_
5 6_ 4 4 4 4
4 4 4
_ -pound bags.
Three _34 -pound bags have _34 1 3_4 1 3_4 5 ___
4 pounds of
How will I use the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

information? walnuts. This makes _ 1-pound bags with _

pound left over.
I can use fraction circles to
Four 3_4 -pound bags have _34 1 3_4 1 3_4 1 3_4 5 ___
4 -pounds
__ the problem. of walnuts.

This makes _ 1-pound bags with __ left

over.

So, Ann could buy _ _34 -pound bags of walnuts.

Chapter 7 305
 Try Another Problem
At the end of dinner, a restaurant had several dishes
of quiche, each with 2 sixth-size pieces of quiche. The
chef was able to combine these pieces to make 2 whole
quiches, with no leftovers. How many dishes did the
chef combine?

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find? Describe how to act it out.

What information do I need to use?

How will I use the information?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, the chef combined _ dishes each with _26 quiche.

306
 Tips
Name UNLOCK the Problem
√ Underline the question.
Share and Show √ Circle the important facts.

1. Last week, Sia ran 1 _14 miles each day for 5 days and √ Cross out unneeded information.

then took 2 days off. Did she run at least 6 miles last
week?

First, model the problem. Describe your model.

Then, regroup the parts in the model to find the

number of whole miles Sia ran.

Sia ran _ whole miles and _ mile.

Finally, compare the total number of miles she ran to

6 miles.

6 1_4 miles l 6 miles

So, Sia _ run at least 6 miles last week.

2. What if Sia ran only ran _34 mile each day. Would she
have run at least 6 miles last week? Explain.

3. A quarter is _14 dollar. Noah has 20 quarters. How

much money does he have? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. How many _25 parts are in 2 wholes?

Chapter 7 • Lesson 10 307

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
5. A company shipped 15,325 boxes of apples and
12,980 boxes of oranges. How many more boxes
of apples than oranges did the company ship?

6. A fair sold a total of 3,300 tickets on Friday and Saturday.

It sold 100 more on Friday than on Saturday. How many
tickets did the fair sell on Friday?

7. Emma walked 1_4 mile on Monday, 2_4 mile

on Tuesday, and 3_4 mile on Wednesday. If the pattern
continues, how many miles will she walk on Friday?
Explain how you found the number of miles.

8. Jared painted a mug __5 __

4
12 red and 12 blue. What
part of the mug is not red or blue?

9. Test Prep Sophia spent _34 hour reading about the

Warwick Applefest. Then she spent _1 hour writing
4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

a paragraph about the festival. How long did Sophia

spend reading and writing about the festival?
1 hour
A __ C 1 hour
4
2 hour
B __ D 11
__ hours
4 4

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

308 Standards Practice Book, pp. P151–P152
 Name

Chapter Review/Test
→ Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
mixed number
1. A number represented by a whole number and a fraction is a
simplest form
___ . (p. 289) unit fraction
2. A fraction that always has a numerator of 1 is a

___ . (p. 271)

→ Check Concepts
Write the fraction as a sum of unit fractions.
4 5
3. __ 5 4. ___ 5
5 _____ 10 _____

Write the mixed number as a fraction.

3 2 3
5. 1__ 5 6. 4__ 5 7. 2__ 5
8 _ 3 _ 5 _

Write the fraction as a mixed number.

12 10 15
8. ___ 5 9. ___ 5 10. ___ 5
10 _ 3 _ 6 _

Find the sum or difference.

3 6 9 2 7 5
11. 2__ 1 1__ 5 12. ___ 2 ___ 5 13. 5___ 2 4___ 5
8 8 _ 12 12 _ 10 10 _

1 5 2 4 4 6
14. 4__ 2 2__ 5 15. 3__ 2 1__ 5 16. ___ 1 ___ 5
6 6 _ 5 5 _ 12 12 _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Use the properties and mental math to find the sum.

(
2 1
)
3
17. 1__ 1 __ 1 2__
5 5 5
4 3
( 2
18. 2__ 1 2__ 1 2__
6 6 6 ) 3
10 (
4
10
7
19. ___ 1 2___ 1 ___
10 )

GO Assessment Options
Online Chapter Test
Chapter 7 309
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

20. Eddie cut 2 2_4 feet of balsa wood for the length of a kite. He
cut 3_4 foot for the width of the kite. How much longer is the
length of the kite than the width?
A 11 __ feet
4
B 1__ 3
feet
4
C 2 feet
D 31 __ feet
4
7
21. On a trip to the art museum, Lily rode the subway for __
10 mile
3
and walked for __
10 mile. How much farther did she ride on the
subway than walk?
3
A ___ mile
10
4
B ___ mile
10
7
C ___ mile
10
D 1 mile

22. Pablo is training for a marathon. He ran 5 4_8 miles on Friday,

6 5_8 miles on Saturday, and 7 4_8 miles on Sunday. How many
miles did he run on all three days ?
A 1__5
miles
8
B 121 __ miles
8
C 19__ 4
miles
8
D 195 __ miles
8
23. Cindy has two jars of paint.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 2
8 8

Which fraction below represents how much paint Cindy has?

1 5
A __ C __
8 8
4
__ 7
B D __
8 8

310
 Name

24. Cole grew 2 3_4 inches last year. Kelly grew the same amount.
Which fraction below represents the number of inches that
Kelly grew last year?
3
A __
4
5
B __
4
11
C ___
4
14
___
D
4
25. Olivia’s dog is 4 years old. Her cat is 1 1_2 years younger. How
old is Olivia’s cat?
A 51 __ years old
2
B 3__1
years old
2
C 21 __ years old
2
D 1__ 1
years old
2
26. Lisa mixed 4 4_6 cups of orange juice with 3 1_6 cups of milk to
make a health shake. She drank 3 3_6 cups of the health shake.
How much of the health shake did Lisa not drink?
2
A __ cups
6
B 42 __ cups
6
C 7__5
cups
6
D 112 __ cups
6
27. Keiko entered a contest to design a new school flag.
3
Five twelfths of her flag has stars and __
12 has stripes. What
fraction of Keiko’s flag has stars and stripes?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8
A ___
12
8
B ___
24
2
C ___
12
2
D ___
24

Chapter 7 311
→ Constructed Response
2
28. Ela is knitting a scarf from a pattern. The pattern calls for 4 __
12
11
__ yards of yarn. How much more
yards of yarn. She has only 2 12
yarn does Ela need to finish knitting the scarf? Explain how
you found your answer.

→ Performance Task

29. Miguel’s class went to the state fair. The fairground is divided
6
into sections. Rides are in __
10 of the fairground. Games are in
2
__ 1
__
10 of the fairground. Farm exhibits are in 10 of the fairground.
A How much greater is the fraction of the fairground with rides
than the fraction with farm exhibits? Draw a model to prove
your answer is correct.

B What fraction of the fairground has games and farm exhibits?

Write an equation to show your answer.

C The rest of the fairground is refreshment booths. What fraction

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of the fairground is refreshment booths? Describe the steps

you follow to solve the problem.

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