Key Differences Between Windows XP and Windows 7

I have to admit that I didn't see this coming. Windows 7 has been exceptionally responsive, and
delightfully nimble, especially after installing the driver update. Back on Windows XP, IE8 was
exceptionally slow and buggy, to say the least, however, on 7, it was much better. I thought
things would be better, but not this good. And the more time I spend with the new operating
system, the more I fall in love with the new OS. By default, there are so many “features”
installed that you can almost see the new wave of anti-trust cases creeping up on Microsoft.
However, you are able to turn almost all of them off.
And the cool factor is way up there. I mean things like previewing windows without activating
them. I mean wiggling a window to make it the only one standing (minimizing all other
windows). Dragging a window to the left edge of the screen to dock it there and then dragging
another window to the right edge to view them side-by-side. I mean, with “Aero Peek,” hiding
all active Windows to view the desktop without a single click by hovering over the “show
desktop” button at the end of the taskbar (clicking it would actually minimize all windows).
You can view the contents of every tab in IE simply by hovering over the IE icon in the taskbar.
This also works for multi-document applications such as Word and Excel; you can preview all
open documents simply by hovering over the Word icon in the taskbar.
Searching for anything in Windows 7 is extremely simple and fast. Almost every window has a
search area in the top right corner. Searching indexes folder is lightning fast and considerably
quick for non-indexed area
How do I ...
... synchronize Outlook data between my desktop and laptop?
There's nothing built into Outlook to handle this (other than copying .pst files back and forth),
but there are web-based sync tools and other utilities that might help. One advantage of a web-
based tool is that you also get your Outlook data available in any browser. See Synchronizing
Microsoft Outlook on two machines.
... back up my contacts and other data?
Outlook data is either in a Personal Folder .pst file or an Exchange Server mailbox. The system
administrator is responsible for backing up the data in an Exchange mailbox. You could also use
File | Import and Export to make a copy of your Contacts folder as a .pst file for a backup.
If you have data in a Personal Folders .pst file, then you'll want to shut down Outlook and back
up that file periodically. See Outlook & Exchange/Windows Messaging Backup and Dual-Boot
for information on how to find the file on your system and what other files you'll want to back up
(e.g. those containing various Outlook configuration settings).
... recover data from a damaged Personal Folders .pst file?
You need to run the Scanpst.exe utility, possibly alternating with Scandisk.exe to fix disk
problems. See To repair a damaged Personal Folders PST file
How do I ...
... send one message to lots of people but hide their names?
After you open the message, choose View | Bcc Field, then put the names/addresses in the Bcc
box. (Bcc stands for blind carbon copy.) Put your own address in the To box, since many mail
programs will throw away a message without a valid To address as junk mail.
If you want to compose one message, but have it delivered to each person individually with their
address in the To box, see Mass Mail Tools.
... use my Hotmail account in Outlook?
If you use Outlook 2003 or 2007, you'll need to install the Outlook Connector.
... automatically reply to messages when I'm on vacation?
If Microsoft Exchange is your mail server, you use Out of Office Assistant, and the server sends
the reply. Otherwise, you use Rules Wizard and leave Outlook running while you're gone, so that
it can send the reply. See To make automatic reply rules in Microsoft Outlook.
How do I ...
... share my contacts and calendar with other people?
For complete sharing, you need Microsoft Exchange Server. Without Exchange Server, you can
share free/busy calendar information over the Internet in Outlook 98 or later versions or transfer
data with the Net Folders feature in Outlook 98 and Outlook 2000. (Net Folders is not available
in Outlook 97 or Outlook 2002). Other methods include web-based tools and third-party servers.
See Sharing Microsoft Outlook Calendar and Contacts.
Can Outlook ...
... read Internet newsgroups?
No. Outlook cannot connect to Internet newsgroup (Usenet) servers. The View | Go To | News 
command in Outlook launches Outlook Express, which is a separate program, sharing only the
name and a handful of Internet-related components. (If you work in an Exchange Server
environment, it is possible that the administrator has set up some public folders to hold Internet
newsgroups.)
Why can't Outlook ...
... operate exactly like ACT!, Organizer, Maximizer or some other PIM I've used?
Software programs are never one-to-one identical in features. Even individuals with the same
PIM will use it in many different ways. In most cases, there is a way to get Outlook to do what
you want it to do. If you don't find a clue searching this site, post a message in one of the
discussion forums for Outlook, and be very specific about what version of Outlook you are using
and what you want to accomplish. Just asking "how do I make Outlook work like ACT!" won't
get you any good answers.
Also, there are many full-blown contact management programs based on Outlook, usually in
conjunction with Exchange Server. See Contact Management Tools.
... do whatever it is I think that Outlook should be able to do?
Any software program has limitations. At some point, the developers have to say "enough!" so
they can actually ship it out the door. With years of experience using Outlook, we've found the
workarounds for the most common scenarios and invite you to search our site. If you don't find
what you're looking for, post a message in one of the discussion forums for Outlook, and be very
specific about what version of Outlook you are using and what you want to accomplish. If you
still can't find a solution, you can send a suggestion to Microsoft for what you want to see in the
next version. 
MS Exchange Server 2003 Interview Questions and Answers
What must be done to an AD forest before Exchange can be deployed?
Setup.exe /forestprep
What are the required components of Windows Server 2003 for installing Exchange 2003?
ASP.NET, SMTP, NNTP, W3SVC
What Exchange process is responsible for communication with AD?
DSACCESS

What 3 types of domain controller does Exchange access?

Normal Domain Controller, Global Catalog, Configuration Domain Controller
What connector type would you use to connect to the Internet, and what are the two methods of
sending mail over that connector?
SMTP Connector: Forward to smart host or use DNS to route to each address
How would you optimise Exchange 2003 memory usage on a Windows Server 2003 server with more
than 1Gb of memory?
Add /3Gb switch to boot.ini
Name the process names for the following: System Attendant?
MAD.EXE, Information Store � STORE.EXE, SMTP/POP/IMAP/OWA � INETINFO.EXE
What is the maximum amount of databases that can be hosted on Exchange 2003 Enterprise?
20 databases. 4 SGs x 5 DBs.
What is the use of NNTP with exchange?
This protocol is used the news group in exchange.
What is DHCP? How we configure DHCP?
DHCP is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. (Port 67 and 68). It means asiging Dynamic IP address
to the devices on a network. (Next Doc)
What are the ways to configure DNS & Zones?
DNS = Domain Name System. It can be configured by clicking the Start button, pointing to the Programs,
pointing to Administrative Toolsand clicking DNS Manager (which has two zones, namely the Forward
Lookup Zone and the Reverse Lookup Zone). When the DNS Server Configuration Wizard starts, click
Next. If it does not auto-start, it can be started by right-clicking the user's server name object in the DNS
Manager console and choosing the Configure Your Server option.
Zones = The next step is to choose to add a forward lookup zone, click Next and ensure whether the new
forward lookup zone is a primary zone or not. It can only accept dynamic updates if it is a primary zone.
Click Primary, and then click Next. It must be ensured that the zone name must either be the same as
the user's Active Directory Domain name or the same as the suffix for all the computers on the network
which are to be registered with the DNS server (in case of a stand-alone or workgroup environment).
Type the name of the zone and then click Next. The default name is accepted for the new zone file. Then
click Next. Choose to add a reverse lookup zone now and click Next. Click Primary and then click Next.
Type the name of the zone and then click Next. The zone name should be the same as the Network ID of
your local subnet. Accept the default name for the new zone file and click Next. Then click Finish to
complete the Server Configuration Wizard.
What are the types of backup? Explain each?
FULL, Incremental and Differential.
Full backup is as it says, it�s a full backup of available data.
Incremental backup stores all files changed since the last FULL, DIFFERENTIAL OR INCREMENTAL
backup. The advantage of an incremental backup is that it takes the least time to complete.
Differential backup contains all files that have changed since the last FULL backup . The advantage of a
differential backup is that it shortens restore time compared to a full backup or an incremental backup.
What are Levels of RAID 0, 1, 5? Which one is better & why?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is the combining of several hard drives into a single unit.
Level 0 is used for applications, which do not require redundancy or striping. Which, means the contents
of the files are spread out over the multiple disks. One of the common uses for level 0 is in editing digital
video.
Level 0 there is not falut redundancy, and if one drive happens to fail all the data is lost.
Level 1 is used for applications, which include critical data and referred to as mirroring. RAID 1 is fault
tolerant in situations when a drive fails the system will continue to work. Level 1 provides twice the
transaction rate of single disks.
Level 5 is used when fault tolerance is needed and uses block level striping and distributed parity. When
one disk drive in RAID 5 goes down the data is recovered using the remaining drives. RAID 5 is
considered, to be the most popular RAID level in use today, because of it's performance, redundancy
and storage efficiency.
What are FMSO Roles? List them.
FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operation Role) are used to avoid conflicts in our active directory as AD
provides lot of flexibility for users to do some kind of changes, thus increases chances of conflicts.
Schma Master Role
Domain Naming Master Role
RID - Relative Identifier.
PDC Emulator.
Infrastructure.
Describe the lease process of the DHCP server.
DORA
D (Discover) : DHCP Client sends a broadcast packets to identify the dhcp server, this packet will contain
the source MAC.
O (Offer) : Once the packet is received by the DHCP server, the server will send the packet containing
Source IP and Source MAC.
R (Request) : Client will now contact the DHCP server directly and request for the IP address.
A (Acknowledge) : DHCP server will send an ack packet which contains the IP address.
Disaster Recovery Plan?
A disaster recovery plan (DRP) - sometimes referred to as a business continuity plan (BCP) or business
process contingency plan (BPCP) - describes how an organization is to deal with potential disasters. Just
as a disaster is an event that makes the continuation of normal functions impossible, a disaster recovery
plan consists of the precautions taken so that the effects of a disaster will be minimized and the
organization will be able to either maintain or quickly resume mission-critical functions. Typically,
disaster recovery planning involves an analysis of business processes and continuity needs; it may also
include a significant focus on disaster prevention.
What is scope & super scope?
scope is a valid range of IP addresses which are available for assignments or lease to client computers on
a particular subnet. A superscope is an administrative grouping of scopes that can be used to support
multiple logical IP subnets on the same physical subnet. Superscopes only contain a list of member
scopes or child scopes that can be activated together.

Logical Diagram of Active Directory? What is the difference between child domain & additional
domain server?
Active directory contains forest, tree, domain and its child domain. Child domian is comes under parent
domain and it shares the name space, its names space append the parent domain name. Addtional
domain controller is the copy of main domain controller and its for load balancing and fault tolarance.
FTP, NNTP, SMTP, KERBEROS, DNS, DHCP, POP3 port numbers?
ftp = port 21 nntp = 443 smtp = 25 KERBEROS v4 = 88 KERBEROS v5 = 750 dns = 53 dhcp = 67 pop3 = 110
What is Kerberos? Which version is currently used by Windows? How does Kerberos work?
Kerberos is a network authentication protocol. It is designed to provide strong authentication for
client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. A free implementation of this protocol is
available from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos is available in many commercial
products as well. Current Version 5.0
Distribution List?
A distribution list, also known as a mailing list, is a collection of email addresses that allows you to email
multiple people at one time. A distribution list can contain a few addresses, or many.
GAL, Routing Group, Stm files, Eseutil & ininteg - what are they used for?
GAL = Global Address Book (Address book used by users for Email addresses)
Routing Group = A group setup within Exchange to connect to another mailserver
ESEUTIL = is the utilities used to managed the information store.
What is MIME & MAPI?
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
It defines non-ASCII message formats.
MAPI = Messaging Application Programming Interface
It's the programming interface for email.
How would you recover Exchange server when the log file is corrupted?
Tell me a bit about the capabilities of Exchange Server. 1) Outlook Anywhere (OWA)
2) Mailbox Can sync with Blackberry Device.
3) Calendar Sharing.
4) MAPI & POP3 Client support
5) RPC Over HTTP.
What are the different Exchange 2003 versions?
1. exchange 5.5
2. exchange server 2000
3. exchange server 2003
4. exchange server 2007
What are the major network infrastructure for installing Exchange 2003?
1.Geographical considerations
2.Bandwidth and latency
3.Current usage
4.Current messaging system
What is the latest Exchange 2003 Service Pack? Name a few changes in functionality in that SP.
SP2 is a cumulative update that enhances your Exchange
Server 2003 messaging environment with:
Mobile e-mail improvements
Better protection against spam
Mailbox advancements
What are the disk considerations when installing Exchange (RAID types, locations and so on).
Server hardware:
� Four 1 gigahertz (GHz), 1 megabyte (MB) or 2 MB L2 cache processors
� 4 gigabytes (GB) of Error Correction Code (ECC) RAM
� Two 100 megabits per second (Mbps) or 1000 Mbps network interface cards
� RAID-1 array with two internal disks for the Windows Server 2003 and Exchange Server 2003 program
files
� Two redundant 64-bit fiber Host Bus Adapters (HBAs) to connect to the Storage Area Network
You got a new HP DL380 (2U) server, dual Xeon, 4GB of RAM, 7 SAS disks, 64-bit. What do you do next
to install Exchange 2003? (you have AD in place)
Why not install Exchange on the same machine as a DC?
1. Redundancy and Stability - if the exchange server fails then Domain Controller also fails and it
concludes a big Failuire
2. Overload : It may overload your existing server and that can cause a significant performance problem.
How would you prepare the AD Schema in advance before installing Exchange?
1. Make sure all the following are installd and working on the server SMTP, NNTP, ASP.NET, IIS, WWW.
This can be installed windos component on Add-Remove program
2. Run Forest Preain Prep
3. Run Domain Prep and you are good to go.
What type or permissions do you need in order to install the first Exchange server in a forest? In a
domain?
you need Schema Admin, Domain Admin and Enterprise Admin Permission. What type of memory
optimization changes could you do for Exchange 2003? Add /3GB switch to boot.ini file and you can use
upto 3GB memory instead of 1GB by default.
How would you check your Exchange configuration settings to see if they're right?
Once your exchange server configuration is done run the tool EXBPA.exc .This will give you the correct
ficture of your exchange organization.
What are the Exchange management tools? How and where can you install them?
To install the Exchange System Management Tools
1. On the dedicated management workstation, insert the Exchange 2003 Setup CD into the workstation's
CD drive, and then locate : \setup\i386\setup.exe.
2. On the Component Selection page, do the following: --Under Component Name, locate Microsoft
Exchange. In the corresponding Action column, select Custom.
--Under Component Name, locate Microsoft Exchange System Management Tools. In the corresponding
Action column, select Install Microsoft Exchange System Management Tools installation option
3. Click Next, and continue with the wizard.
What types of permissions are configurable for Exchange?
1)Exchange full admin � full control over the exchange organization including permission
2)Exchange Admin � Manage everything within the organization except org permission.
3)Exchange view only administrator � read only administrative access to Exchange organization
How can you grant access for an administrator to access all mailboxes on a specific server?
1. Start Exchange System Manager.
2. Drill down to your server object within the appropriate Administrative Group. Right-click it and choose
Properties.
3. In the Properties window go to the Security tab.
4. Click Add, click the user or group who you want to have access to the mailboxes, and then click OK.
5. Be sure that the user or group is selected in the Name box.
6. In the Permissions list, click Allow next to Full Control, and then click OK.
Note: Make sure there is no Deny checkbox selected next to the Send As and Receive As permissions.
7. Click Ok all the way out.
What is the Send As permission?
Send As Permission means user A will be able to access the mail box of user B and reply back to those
mail. Even though user A has replied to the mail, the send address will display user b email.
What other management tools are used to manage and control Exchange 2003? Name the tools you'd
use.
Active Directory Account Cleanup Wizard (adclean.exe)
You created a mailbox for a user, yet the mailbox does not appear in ESM. Why?
Genrally, when you create a mailbox for a user. The user's e-mail address will be updated in the GAL.
During the regular update interval. But in order for you to be able to view the mail box. The user has to
access the Exchange server (either through MS outlook or OWA). Then you will be able to view the
user's mail box.
What are Query Based Distribution groups?
A query-based distribution group is a new additional type of distribution group in Exchange 2003. This
new type of distribution group provides the same functionality as a standard distribution group;
however, instead of specifying static user memberships, a query-based distribution group allows you to
use an LDAP query to dynamically build membership in the distribution group (for example All
employees with a special group membership). Using query-based distribution groups we can reduce the
administration costs dramatically. However a Query-based Distribution Group needs more Server
resources like CPU power and RAM.
What type of groups would you use when configuring distribution groups in a multiple domain forest?
create a Universal Distribution Group.
What are System Public Folders? Where would you find them?
In Exchange Server 2003, public folders can be used to share information between a group of users. In
smaller organizations where only one Exchange server is typically installed, one public folder instance
can exist.
Click Start, All Programs, Microsoft Exchange, and then select Exchange System Manager. Exchange
System Manager opens. In the left pane, expand the Public Folders container. All existing folders in the
public folder tree are displayed.
How can you immediately stop PF replication?
right-clicking the Organization name in Exchange System Management and clicking Stop Public Folder
Content Replication
What types of PF management tools might you use?
PFDAVADMIN Tool
What are the differences between administrative permissions and client permissions in PF?
How can you configure PF replication from the command prompt in Exchange 2003?
PFMIGRATE allows you to move a bunch of Public Folders from an Exchange Server to an Exchange 2003
Server from the command line.PFMIGRATE.WSF is a Script, which is located on the Exchange 2003 CD
and the Exchange 2003 SP1 under SUPPORT\EXDEPLOY.
PFMIGRATE requires ONE Exchange 2003 Server in your Enterprise because PFMIGRATE uses specific
WMI functions from Exchange 2003.
The syntax is simple:
To move System Folders
PFMIGRATE.WSF /S:SourceServer /T:DestinationServer /SF /A /N
:100 /F:C:\LOGFILE.LOG
To move Public Folders
PFMIGRATE.WSF /S:SourceServer /T:DestinationServer /A /N:100
/F:C:\LOGFILE.LOG
To remove Public Folders after succesful Replication
PFMIGRATE.WSF /S:SourceServer /T:DestinationServer /D
What are the configuration options in IMF?
First of all, IMF needs to be enabled because it's not by default. To enable, from ESM go to Global
Settings and right click on Message Delivery. Click on the "Intelligence Nessage Filter" tab, and change
from "No Action" to "Archive". Also, enable the IMF on the Virtual SMTP server by right clicking on the
default SMTP server and clicking on properties, then Advanced tab, then click on edit. Now you can
check on the "Apply IMF" tab.
There are two options in configuring Intelligence Message Filter (IMF):Gateway Blocking Configuration -
this is where the messages will be blocked at the server, and the users will not even see them. Store
Junk E-mail Configuration - this is where the messages will be delivered to the user's Outlook and stored
in their Junk Email folder (Outlook 2003 in cached mode only, or OWA).
What are virtual servers? When would you use more than one?
Exchange Virtual Server is a clustered Exchange installation. When Exchange is installed on a Windows
Server 2003 cluster, it is configured as an Exchange Virtual Server that can be passed between cluster
nodes transparently to Exchange clients.
1. SMTP Virtual Server,
2. HTTP Virtual Server,
3.POP3 Virtual Server,
4. IMAP4 Virtual Server and so on

Name some of the SMTP Virtual Server configuration options.

The following table lists important configuration information that Exchange Server 2003 stores for SMTP
virtual servers in Active Directory.

Important Active Directory attributes for SMTP virtual servers

msExchServerBindings -Specifies the Internet Protocol (IP) port binding for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
connections.
msExchAuthenticationFlags -Indicates which type of authentication this SMTP virtual server accepts.
msExchMaxIncomingConnections -Specifies the maximum number of inbound connections allowed for
this SMTP virtual server.
msExchLogType -Specifies the log formats that this SMTP virtual server uses for protocol logging.
msExchAccessSSLFlags -Identifies the type of encrypted channel that this SMTP virtual server supports.