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    PDF - Why Is Beta Ratio Limit Required

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    Shakti Kumar Achyut Kurup
    The beta ratio, which is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of an orifice plate, is typically kept between 0.3 to 0.7 for flow measurement. Extreme beta ratios (very low or high) are problematic: a beta ratio of 1 means no pressure drop across the plate, while a very low beta of 0.1 causes high pressure drop but increases uncertainty. Moderate beta ratios around 0.5 provide an optimal balance of adequate pressure drop and measurement accuracy. The allowed beta range of 0.3 to 0.7 is based on empirical testing rather than a strict rule.

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    PDF - Why Is Beta Ratio Limit Required

    Uploaded by

    Shakti Kumar Achyut Kurup
    203 views6 pages
    The beta ratio, which is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of an orifice plate, is typically kept between 0.3 to 0.7 for flow measurement. Extreme beta ratios (very low or high) are problematic: a beta ratio of 1 means no pressure drop across the plate, while a very low beta of 0.1 causes high pressure drop but increases uncertainty. Moderate beta ratios around 0.5 provide an optimal balance of adequate pressure drop and measurement accuracy. The allowed beta range of 0.3 to 0.7 is based on empirical testing rather than a strict rule.

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    The beta ratio, which is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of an orifice plate, is typically kept between 0.3 to 0.7 for flow measurement. Extreme beta ratios (very low or high) are problematic: a beta ratio of 1 means no pressure drop across the plate, while a very low beta of 0.1 causes high pressure drop but increases uncertainty. Moderate beta ratios around 0.5 provide an optimal balance of adequate pressure drop and measurement accuracy. The allowed beta range of 0.3 to 0.7 is based on empirical testing rather than a strict rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    203 views6 pages

    PDF - Why Is Beta Ratio Limit Required

    Uploaded by

    Shakti Kumar Achyut Kurup
    The beta ratio, which is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of an orifice plate, is typically kept between 0.3 to 0.7 for flow measurement. Extreme beta ratios (very low or high) are problematic: a beta ratio of 1 means no pressure drop across the plate, while a very low beta of 0.1 causes high pressure drop but increases uncertainty. Moderate beta ratios around 0.5 provide an optimal balance of adequate pressure drop and measurement accuracy. The allowed beta range of 0.3 to 0.7 is based on empirical testing rather than a strict rule.

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    of 6

    Why is BETA ratio between 0.3 to 0.

    Have you ever wondered from where do we get this beta numbers from and why
    we must keep the BETA ratio in orifice calculation in between these two Values

    Let us start with understanding what is Beta Ratio and then lets get rebellious and
    take “Extreme cases” where we don’t follow these limits.

    It has a very simple self explainatory equation and is as follows

    BETA= I.D of Orifice (BORE of orifce) / O.D of Orifice (I.D of Pipe)

    For experimental purpose .Lets take “Extreme cases”

    What if we take a BETA of 1

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com


    This is Possible if I.D of orifice =O.D of Orifice

    But that means there is no restriction to flow so no Pressure Drop.

    And Flow measurement is not possible if we have no pressure drop

    Hence Beta ratio of 1 is not possible.

    What if we take a BETA of 0.9

    This is Possible if I.D of orifice approximately near O.D of Orifice

    But that means there is very little restriction to flow so very little Pressure Drop.

    And at low pressure drop it be difficult to measure and get required accuracy so
    we don’t go beyond 0.7

    Also "Uncertainty increases"at such high beta ratio, This is an amazing concept
    that often gets overlooked and this is explained in detail in the coming passage
    with a simple graph from API MPMS 14.3.1 standard

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com


    What if we take a BETA of 0.1

    This is Possible if I.D of orifice is very small as compared to O.D of Orifice

    But that means there is very High restriction to flow so very High Pressure Drop.

    This seems Good Right? High Pressure Drop means it will be easy to measure?

    This is not the only consideration we have while sizing orifice.

    Beta Ratio has an effect o variety of parmeters (Few reasons are listed below)

    1) Process Hydraulics

    This Affects Process Hydraulic calculation and also leads to Inefficiency in process
    as a whole.

    As the PUMP will have to PUMP more !! As a result Process people in their
    Datasheet specify maximum allowable Pressure loss in Orifice.

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com


    What is the use of purposefully creating more restriction and then trying to
    compensate it with more pumping power!

    2) Higher probability of cavitation and flashing

    The more we drop the pressure the more is the chances of liquid to reach “Vapor
    Pressure”

    And thus the chances for “Cavitation and Flashing” is more

    NEXT important consideration

    3) Coefficient of discharge (Ucertainity increases at extreem beta ratios)

    COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE (UNCERTIANITY)

    In simple words Cd (Uncertainty) is a function of Reynolds Number & Diameter


    ratio

    the same defination by API is as follows

    The estimated uncertainty of the empirical coefficient of discharge for concentric,


    square-edged, flange-tapped orifice meters that are in compliance with this
    standard (API 14.3.1) is a function of the Reynolds number and the diameter ratio
    (β)

    (Reference API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 14.3.1


    Page no 31)

    However at very high Reynolds numbers (approx. greater than 1,00000) the
    uncertainty is only a function of the diameter ratio(BETA) (β)

    So Here’s Where Beta Ratio again comes into picture

    Below is graph from API Standards Chapter 14.3.1 that has Percent Uncertainty Vs
    Beta Ratio (See Comments in Red)

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com


    So from this graph we can deduce it is better to come to a nearby moderate value
    of BETA approx.=0.5 for better accuracy !!

    Lastly one unanswered question?

    Why only between 0.3 to 0.7

    There is no hard and fast rule it is just due to above reasons we try to stay in the
    moderate range, this limit is established by “Empirical” Method (That is by
    experimental means, we have come to this value).

    Some standards say we should be between 0.2 to 0.6

    While few suggest beta ratio between 0.1 to 0.7

    None the less, stay Safe and select a moderate value

    Thanks for Reading !!

    Hope you found it valuable.

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com


    Credits :- Thanks to Satish Sohani for providing inputs about change in pump
    hydraulics due to increased restriction !!

    PS: This is as per best of my current understanding !!

    By : Asad Shaikh (I&C Engineer) www.asad-shaikh.com

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