PHY 110

MECHANICS 1
LABORATORY REPORT
TITLE :NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
EXPERIMENT 2
STUDENTS NAME :
1. NURUL ALYA BINTI MOKHIDIN (2020611192)
2. NUR ARISSA SYAMINA BINTI SAHRIM (2020894932)

LECTURE ‘S NAME :
DR. HARTINI AHMAD RAFAIE

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 31/12/2020

 Objective
1. To investigate the relationship between total forces
acted on an object with acceleration of the object.

2. To study the Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

 1 2 3 4
SMALL CRATE WAS ICE SURFACE WAS CHOSEN THE APPLIED FORCE THE PRESS BUTTON
SET AS AN OBJECT FOR NON FRICTION WAS SET UP TO 500N WAS TURNED ON
SURFACE
 5 6 7 8
THE ACCELERATION STEP 3 TO 6 WAS STEP 2 TO 7 WAS
“RESET ALL” BUTTON WAS
WAS RECORDED IN REPEATED 3 TIMES FOR REPEATED FOR ANOTHER
CLICKED FOR SECOND
TABLE 1 EACH DATA 9 DATA
READING
 2
3

6
 1 2 3 4
WOOD SURFACE WAS
SMALL CRATE WAS CHOSEN FOR FRICTION THE APPLIED FORCE THE PRESS BUTTON
SET AS AN OBJECT SURFACE WAS SET UP TO 500N WAS TURNED ON
 5 6 7 8
THE ACCELERATION “RESET ALL” BUTTON WAS STEP 3 TO 6 WAS
REPEATED 3 TIMES FOR STEP 2 TO 7 WAS
WAS RECORDED IN CLICKED FOR SECOND
EACH DATA REPEATED FOR ANOTHER
TABLE 2 READING
9 DATA
 2

4
6
 Table 2.1 Experimental Data for Non-friction Surface
Applied Friction force Total force Acceleration, a (m/s²)
force (N) (N) (N)
a1 a2 a3 a4
500 0 500 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
600 0 600 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
700 0 700 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00

.02
800 0 800 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
900 0 900 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
1000 0 1000 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
1100 0 1100 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00
1200 0 1200 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
1300 0 1300 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00
 Table 2.1 Experimental Data for Friction Surface
Applied force Friction force Total force Acceleration, a (m/s²)
(N) (N) (N)
a1 a2 a3 a4
500 -294 206 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06
600 -294 306 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06
700 -294 406 4.06 4.06 4.06 4.06

.02
800 -294 506 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06
900 -294 606 6.06 6.06 6.06 6.06
1000 -294 706 7.06 7.06 7.06 7.06
1100 -294 806 8.06 8.06 8.06 8.06
1200 -294 906 9.06 9.06 9.06 9.06
1300 -294 1006 10.06 10.06 10.06 10.06
 Analysis Data
From the data, plot graph for:
a. Total force as a function of acceleration
for non-friction surface.
1) FROM THE DATA, PLOT GRAPH FOR :
a) Total force as a function of acceleration for non-friction surface.
b) Total force as a function of acceleration for friction surface.
2. From both graphs, state the relationship between the total force with the
acceleration of the object.
An object will only accelerate if there is a net or unbalanced force acting upon it. The presence of an unbalanced
force will accelerate an object - changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction. Two factors affect
the acceleration of an object: the net force acting on the object and the object’s mass. Newton’s second law of
motion describes how force and mass affect acceleration. The law states that the acceleration of an object equals
the net force acting on the object divided by the object’s mass.The acceleration of an object as produced by a net
force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the object.This verbal statement can be expressed in equation form as follows:a = Fnet
/m. The above equation is often rearranged to a more familiar form as shown below. The net force is equated to
the product of the mass times the acceleration.Fnet = m • a. In this entire discussion, the emphasis has been on
the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force; the net force equals mass times acceleration;
the acceleration in the same direction as the net force; an acceleration is produced by a net forceNewton’s second
law of motion states that the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the
object’s mass.According to the second law, there is a direct relationship between force and acceleration and an
inverse relationship between mass and acceleration.
3. Does the graph obeys Newton’s Second Law of Motion? Explain.
Yes, the graph obeys Newton’s Second Law of motion. It is because the acceleration of
small crate increased when the total force acting on the small create being increase. This
is alike with Newton’s Second Law of Motion
4. Determine the gradients (slopes) of the graphs. What do the gradients
represents? Explain.

Graph 1 :
Explanation:
The slope of the acceleration vs. force graph
Gradient, m =
/ / represents the reciprocal of the mass of the small
= 100 Nm/s
crate. So, when F=ma, F is change in force and a is
Graph 2 :
the change in acceleration. It means the slope on
the graph is equal to the mass of the object
Gradient, m =
. / . / accelerating.
= 100 Nm/s
5) Using Newton’s Second Law of Motion, prove that the coefficient of kinetic
friction, μk between the small crate and the wood surface is 0.3.

Fk = μN
Fk = -294 N
N = mg , m= (100 kg) g= (10 N)
N = (100)(10)
= 1000 N
Fk =μN
-294 N = μ ( 1000 N)
μ = -0.294
= 0.3
 DISCUSSION
This experiment was done to study the Newton Second's Law of Motion. It mathematically
states the cause and effect relationship between force and changes in motion. Newton's
second law of motion is more quantitative and is used to calculate what happens in
situations involving a force. To obtain an equation for Newton’s second law, we first write
the relationship of acceleration and net external force as the proportionalitya ∝ Fnetwhere
the symbol ∝ means “proportional to,” and Fnet is the net external force. It also seems
reasonable that acceleration should be inversely proportional to the mass of the system. In
other words, the larger the mass, the smaller the acceleration produced by a given force.
The proportionality is written asa ∝ 1mwhere m is the mass of the system. To prove this
theory, this experiment was done with small crate pushed with a force 500N on ice surface
as no friction for the first experiment. The acceleration was calculated 5.00m/s2 and had
been recorded four times to avoid error. The friction force in this experiment was not
changed -294N for each data for the second experiment. the graph was plotted and it
showed that acceleration increased as force increased.. This show that relationship between
acceleration and net external force is proportional in the same direction.