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1.1 Definition of LAN

The document discusses Local Area Networks (LANs) and intercom systems. It defines LAN as a high-speed data network covering a small geographic area. It describes common LAN topologies like bus, ring, star and tree. It also discusses LAN access methods, transmission types, and devices like repeaters and hubs. The document then defines intercom systems and describes types like full duplex, ClearCom, RTS TW, matrix and wireless intercoms.

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Shakib Mahmud Shovon
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82 views7 pages

1.1 Definition of LAN

The document discusses Local Area Networks (LANs) and intercom systems. It defines LAN as a high-speed data network covering a small geographic area. It describes common LAN topologies like bus, ring, star and tree. It also discusses LAN access methods, transmission types, and devices like repeaters and hubs. The document then defines intercom systems and describes types like full duplex, ClearCom, RTS TW, matrix and wireless intercoms.

Uploaded by

Shakib Mahmud Shovon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

EEE 314 Lecture 5

Prepared by: Md. Itrat Bin Shams (Sanin)

Contents
1 LAN (Local Area Network) 1
1.1 Definition of LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 LAN access method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Carrier sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD) 2
1.2.2 Token passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Some other informations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 LAN Transmission Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.1 Unicast transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4.2 Multicast transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4.3 Broadcast transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 LAN Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 LAN Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Intercom 5
2.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Some terms related to intercoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Classification of Intercoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.1 Full duplex intercom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.2 ClearCom type intercom systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.3 RTS TW Intercom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.4 Matrix intercoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.5 Wireless Intercom System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1 LAN (Local Area Network)


1.1 Definition of LAN
LAN can be defined as high speed data network. It covers a small geographic
network. LAN can be used to connect several computers, printers, computer
accessories, other devices etc. It helps many users to access one device (say
one printer is used by many computers). It also serves users to exchange
files,emails etc.

1
1.2 LAN access method

1.2 LAN access method


In a LAN there are many users. It is possible that two users may want to
access same device at a time. It will certainly create a problem as the device
can be accessed by one user at a time. Two methods are used to prevent
this.

1.2.1 Carrier sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD)


Here collision detect sensing is applied. It works as this: suppose two users
are sending data at the same time. If a collision occurs, it is sensed by one
user. That user then waits for a random while. Then he sends the data
again. In most of the cases collision will not occur again. It is because of
the network connection. It is customary that more the number of the users,
more will be the number of collisions. So if a LAN has many users, then it’ll
certainly become slow.

1.2.2 Token passing


Here a token is passed from device to device. If a device wants to send data,
it has to wait for token to be received. The main advantage of this method
is this that it is deterministic. It means it is possible to calculate maximum
time it will take for a device to send data.

1.3 Some other informations


In CSMA/CD we can have half duplex mode of communication. Here one
user can send a data but cannot listen to the network at the same time. If
he wants to listen the network he must stop sending the data. It is more
like a walkie-talkie. Only one person can talk and other can only listen in a
particular time.

When switches are introduced, we can have full duplex mode of operation.
Here a user can send and receive data from the network simultaneously. It
is like regular phones, where we can talk and listen at the same time.

1.4 LAN Transmission Methods


There are three ways for this. They are,

2
1.5 LAN Topologies

1.4.1 Unicast transmission


In this type of transmission one user communicates with another user. It is
like sending email to one person.

1.4.2 Multicast transmission


In this type, one user sends data to the network. It is then copied and sent
to many users. It is like sending emails to many persons.

1.4.3 Broadcast transmission


In broadcast transmission, a person’s data is sent to the network and a lot
of copies of it is made. After this it is sent to all the users in that network.

1.5 LAN Topologies


LAN topologies is the manner in which network devices are connected. There
are four common LAN topologies. They are: bus, ring, star, and tree.

1. BUS Topology: A bus topology is a connection scheme where all the


devices are connected to a one common bus. All the necessary data are
send to it firstly and then to other destinations.

Figure 1: Bus Topology

2. Ring Topology: In ring topology all the devices are connected in se-
ries to form a ring network. Here data can be sent in unidirectional
method. If one computer wants to access another, it got to go through
all other computers connected between them.

3. Star Topology: In star topology all the users are connected to one
common master. If any user wants to send data to other he has to go
through the master.

3
1.6 LAN Devices

Figure 2: Ring Topology

4. Tree Topology: In tree topology, branches are formed. Here hierar-


chy levels are well defined.

1.6 LAN Devices


1. Repeater: A repeater is a device that is used to interconnect two
devices. It is possible that wires used to connect two devices may be
long or of bad quality. It is expected that signals traveling through
them may be deteriorated. Repeaters are used to amplify, restore the
signal to its original format.

2. Hub: A hub is a device that connects multiple user stations, each by


a dedicated cable. Electrical interconnections are made inside the hub.
Hubs are used to create a physical star network while maintaining the
logical bus or ring topologies of the LAN.

3. LAN Extender: A LAN extender is used to connect to a more broad


network. Its function is to sequence and filter data to be sent.

4
2. Intercom

Figure 3: Star Topology

Figure 4: Repeater

2 Intercom
2.1 General Information
Intercom is a private telecommunication system that allows typically two or
more persons to communicate with each other like a telephone. Two wired

5
2.2 Some terms related to intercoms

Figure 5: LAN Extender

intercom system can be used as an intercom.

2.2 Some terms related to intercoms


• Point-to-Point (P-P): Point-to-Point can be defined as one-way com-
munication between two intercom stations. Receiving station must
press a key to listen to sending station signal.

• Party Line (PL): Party-line communication is a communication be-


tween two or more stations in full duplex mode. Each station has to
activate the listen key to the desired party line to listen and the talk
key to talk. Any station can be added and subtracted from a party line
by activating talk and listen keys.

• IFB: IFB means Interruptible Foldback. Here user is interrupted by


one audio source while listening another source.

• IRF: IRF stands for Interrupted Return Feed. It is same as IFB.

6
2.3 Classification of Intercoms

• Tally: Tally is a signal to indicate a particular purpose. The ringing


sound of a telephone is a tally.

2.3 Classification of Intercoms


There several types of intercoms. Some are,

2.3.1 Full duplex intercom


In a full duplex intercom system the users can communicate with each other
on both directions without any specific control (like pushing buttons as in
walkie-talkie.).

2.3.2 ClearCom type intercom systems


This type of intercom allows users to communicate in two directions between
anyone on the line on the basis that everyone hears everything.

2.3.3 RTS TW Intercom


The TW (two wire) Intercom System is a two-wire conference- line communi-
cations system that allows up to 50 user stations to connect across a common
line (also called a channel).

2.3.4 Matrix intercoms


A matrix intercom makes the user to have great power and flexibility. This
is largely because a matrix intercom consists of cross-points that allow any
intercom input to be routed to any intercom output.

2.3.5 Wireless Intercom System


It is a general intercom system that has wireless privilege.

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