MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology

ISSN 2454-5880

Pandey & Bathla, 2020

Volume 6 Issue 3, pp. 87-101.
Date of Publication: 30th December 2020
DOI-https://doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2020.63.87101
This paper can be cited as: Pandey, S., & Bathla, D. R. K., (2020). A Secure and Managed Cloud Storage
System Using Encryption with Machine Learning Approach. MATTER: International Journal of Science
and Technology, 6(3), 87-101.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a
letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

A SECURE AND MANAGED CLOUD STORAGE SYSTEM

USING ENCRYPTION WITH MACHINE LEARNING
APPROACH

Shweta Pandey
Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Application, Deshbhagat University Mandi,
Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
[email protected]

Dr. R. K. Bathla
HOD Computer Science & Application, Deshbhagat University Mandi, Gobindgarh, Punjab,
India
hodcs@deshbhagatuniversity
______________________________________________________________________________
Abstract
Cloud storage platform is a promising architecture provided by the Cloud Service. However, the
use of these services raises many doubts and concerns about the security, confidentiality,
reliability and integrity of users' data and information. Because the cloud is based on a per-user
payment model, it will take longer to retrieve the required document, which raises the financial
burden, and hence affects the satisfaction level of cloud users. This is the major point, where
presented research comes to play. The proposed work takes advantage of multi-layered neural
network architecture for secure cloud storage system along with the involvement of encryption
and similarity approaches such as Cosine Similarity algorithm while encryption check engrosses
AES and DSA approaches. Simulation analysis offers a secure cloud platform using cloudsim

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simulator. Experimentation was performed against 700 text documents to evaluate the proposed
work in terms of precision, recall, f-score and accuracy with an average accuracy of 92.48%.
Simulation results had demonstrated that the designed algorithm proved to offer data storage in
a cloud computing environment with high-end security. In future, the authors aim to involve
some deep learning approaches to improve the text mining capabilities using cloud storage
without challenging data security.
Keywords
Cloud Computing, Cloud Storage, Security, Encryption, Similarity, Classification
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
Cloud computing is an emerging technology that enables cloud user to share resources
on-demand basis and pay for the used resources. Resources might be software, a single program,
a platform, bandwidth, which is being utilized by the user through the internet (Gilad-Bachrach
et al., 2016). Multiple requests are handled by the cloud service provider; therefore, the cloud
must be highly scalable. Any cloud user can access data from the cloud though internet by using
PC, tab, mobile or laptop as a platform (Fu, Wu, Guan, Sun, & Ren, 2016.) As cloud computing
provides an efficient paradigm, therefore the security and privacy have become a major and
significant concern of the cloud user as well as the cloud providers (Zhou, Varadharajan, &
Hitchens, 2013).
One important reason is that cloud users rely on the cloud provider and it’s the duty of the
cloud provider's to deliver data with high security (Li, Shi, & Zhang, 2017). To provide security,
cryptography is one of the widely accepted techniques in industry and academia to resolve the
security and privacy issues in cloud computing environments. In the last few years, many
cryptography-based techniques have been used for the cloud data security some of the
researchers have focused on secure storage (Mahmood, Huang, & Jaleel, 2017; Hur, Koo, Shin,
& Kang, 2016; Deng, Li, Li, & Zhou, 2017), reliable computing (Amoon, 2016) and secure
service usage (Jouini, & Rabai, 2019; Li, Gai, Qiu, Qiu, & Zhao, 2017). The cloud storage
facility is known to be specific Sub-offer within cloud computing platform. Using this cloud
storage is provided to the user to a distinct space rather the data is stored on the dedicated cloud
providers (Cui, Deng, & Li, 2018). The providers provide data storage services over Internet
users and others. The main requirement of today’s cloud storage providers is to store a large

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amount of data with minimum cost (Mahmood, Huang, & Jaleel, 2019). As the data is moved
through radio means, therefore, security and privacy are also needed. To deal with this problem,
secure cloud storage has been designed using cryptography approach (Yu, & Wang, 2017). The
general strategy of storing data using the internet is shown in Figure 1.

Data Owner

Cloud Server

Key server

User

Figure 1: General Structure of Uploading Data in Cloud Server

This research has been performed to store data using encryption with a classification approach.
The entire working process is discussed in section 3.
The rest of the paper is organized in the following way: Section 2 reviews and provided a
survey of conventional methods. Section 3 presents the architecture of the proposed work with
step by step description, Section 4 explains the computed results of the designed model and part
5 summarizes the entire work followed by the references used.

2. Related Work
Currently, most of the trade marketable processes are digitized. The data are of the
greatest importance, so any damage or loss of the data can be a major failure for the data owner.
Large organizations want to keep their data in a place where there is maximum security and
required low cost. One of the most commonly used locations in the cloud where information is
stored. Therefore, the foremost duty of cloud service providers is to improve security in the
cloud. In the last couple of years, research has been done to enhance the cloud data security

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using cryptography approach in integration with other techniques (Venkatesh, & Eastaff, 2018).
This section deals with the research work provided by the existing authors.
Aghili, (2019) has used DES as a security algorithm for cloud storage, which is being
created as a duplicate of the original storage. The results indicated that good data accuracy has
been provided against the attacker as the attacker has not to access confidential data. Khalique,
Hussain, Alam, & Khan, (2020) have presented a new mechanism to provide security for the
cloud data using the RSA approach with 2 prime numbers. Using this approach, data security has
been increased to the desired security level based on the user's request or the importance of the
data. Abdel-Kader, El-Sherif, & Rizk, (2020) have used cryptography technique twice in the
designed model and after that save data into the cloud database. Initially, One Time Password
(OTP) has been generated that provides authentication. This process also has not required extra
processing time for the identification of the genuine user. Also, the plain text has been classified
into two parts and each part is encrypted by a separate key. Using this approach, the complexity,
as well as the data size, has been reduced.
Tyagi, Manoria, & Mishra, (2019b) have designed a cloud model using AES and RSA as
an asymmetric and asymmetric algorithm. The confidentiality of the data along with the data
security has been obtained by integrating these two techniques and the performance has been
analyzed with AES, RSA and AES with RSA approach. Tyagi, Manoria, & Mishra, (2019a) have
designed a framework that is being defended data based on classified data. The dedicated server
has been selected using the fitness function of the cuckoo search algorithm. After the selection of
an appropriate server, elliptic curve integrated encryption has been used to encrypt data towards
the user side and then transmit data to the cloud service provider. Towards the service provider
side, the data is encrypted using AES approach and then stored in the cloud database. At last, the
system has provided better confidentiality of data with higher computing efficiency.

3. Proposed Work
The entire flow of the work is shown in Figure 2. The entire work is divided into two
parts authentication and encryption. For authentication of the appropriate user, the login panel is
designed that includes two fields (i) user ID and (ii) password. The password of a maximum of 8
characters (upper case and lowercase) length has been used. For the wrong password following
algorithm is used.

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𝑈𝐼𝐷 = 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙. 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡(𝐷𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)

𝑈_𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙. 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡(𝐷𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡);
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑎 = 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒. 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚. 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑎(8,1);
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
Captcha Code: In the age of digital technology and the Internet, each of us had to become
an “advanced” user of the network. And for sure, almost everyone came across such an
undesirable thing as captcha.
After the user authentication process, the next step is to apply, similarity measures that
are Cosine similarity to check the similarity among the uploaded documents. Earlier, Gupta,
Dutta & Kumar (2017) had also implemented Cosine similarity to identify frequent terms used in
the text documents. The algorithm used in the current work is as follows:
Algorithm: Cosine Similarity
Input: DataRaw data in which similarity needed
Output: Cos-simSimilarity between data
Create an empty array to store similarity, Cos-sim = []
Sim-count = 0
For m = 1  Length (Data)
Current_Data = Data (m)
For n = m+1 Length (Data)
Calculate the cos similarity using the given equation
L= |Cos (Current_Data) - Cos (Data (n))|
Cos-sim[sim_count, 1] = Current_Data
Cos-sim[sim_count, 2]= Data(n)
Cos-sim[sim_count, 3]=L
Increment in array, Sim-count = Sim-count + 1
End
End
Return: Cos_sim as an output in terms of similarity between data
End

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Start

Yes
Upload
data
Evaluate
User ID and PW verification Cosine
Enter Captcha Similarity

Enter Again ID & No

PW

Apply
Encryption

Evaluate radical
Complexity

Classification

Store in
Cluster

Stop

Figure 2: Proposed Work

After determining the similarity between the documents, the next step is to evaluate the
radical complexity of the documents based on the level of complexity; the selection of an
encryption algorithm has been done. Using radical complexity finder, a lot of execution time has
been saved during the transmission of the document towards the encryption block. An
appropriate selection of encryption technique saves time as well as reduces the chances of data
loss. The radical complexity has been calculated based on two different conditions such as:
Apply
i. DSA algorithm, if 𝑅_𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 ≤ 𝑇ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦
ii. AES algorithm, if 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 > 𝑇ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦
The designed cloud security model has used AES or DSA as an encryption technique based on
the examined 𝑅_𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 value.
The algorithm that is to be followed to determine complexity probability is written as below;
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦_𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑_𝑐_𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑_
𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑_𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝐼𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑐_𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑_𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠);

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𝐼𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟_𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑_𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡);

𝐶𝑝 = (𝑑𝑜𝑐/𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟);
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦_𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐𝑝 ∗ 100;
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦_𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
End
The encrypted data is then passed to the neural network as a classification approach,
which is used to select the appropriate space in the cloud server for the data storage by the cloud
provider.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): It is a symmetric key encryption algorithm, each
cypher having 128-bit size block. It makes sure that the encryption has been performed safely.
Diffi-Hellman (DSA): This is used to provide a secure key exchange between the cloud user and
the cloud service providers.

ED 1

Appropriate
ED 2 Storage
Space

ED N

Input layer Hidden layer Output layer

Figure 3: General Structure of ANN

The main contribution of this paper is providing security of cloud data using similarity
with encryption and ANN as a machine learning approach. ANN is an artificial intelligence
approach used in machine learning whose general architecture is illustrated in Figure 3. As the
name "neuron" indicates that this is related to brain stimulation systems that aim to replicate
what people have learned. Hassanzadeh, Nguyen, Karimi, & Chu, (2018) had adapted ANN
architecture for text-based categorization of documents for evaluation across hospitals.
Here, the ED is an encrypted document. The neural networks consist of a secret layer
(hidden layer) along with inputs and output layer. This is an excellent tool for a human
programmer to find out many difficult problems or the problem that is too large to be taught to
drive and recognize.

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4. Results and Discussions

The results of the proposed secure cloud model have been identified using the parameters
precision, recall, F-score and accuracy.
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 (1)
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (2)
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛∗𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐹 − 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 2 ∗ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛+𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 (3)
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 (4)
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 +𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

Where, 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑  It is the total count of features, which are selected during the
classification process and similar to the classified results.
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 It is the count of the total feature which is matched with other categories during
the classification process and it is opposite to the classified results.
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 It is the total number of irrelevant feature set which are used for the classification
and it should be minimum for good classification results.
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 It the total counts of the relevant feature which are considered as other class as
compared to the classified output.
The examined results with different techniques are described below:
Table 1: Precision
Number of Uploaded Text
Cosine similarity ANN
Documents
100 0.716 0.742
200 0.697 0.7289
300 0.689 0.7068
400 0.671 0.6918
500 0.654 0.6879
600 0.648 0.6728
700 0.635 0.6575

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0.76
0.74
0.72
0.7
Precision 0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.6
0.58
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Number of uploaded text documents

Cosine similarity ANN

Figure 4: Precision
The precision values analyzed using cosine similarity and ANN as classification
approach is listed in Table 1 with the graphical representation illustrated in Figure 4. The training
of the encrypted data has been performed using the ANN technique. The results have been
analyzed during the testing processes while the document is uploaded. From the figure, it is seen
that the documents are uploaded with higher security (precision) value while using Ann approach
compared to the similarity index approach.
Table 2: Recall
Number of Uploaded Text
Cosine similarity ANN
Documents
100 0.637 0.612
200 0.622 0.6057
300 0.613 0.5924
400 0.609 0.5817
500 0.597 0.5769
600 0.586 0.5647
700 0.579 0.5526

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0.66
0.64
0.62

Recall 0.6
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.5
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Number of uploaded text documents
Cosine similarity ANN

Figure 5: Recall
The recall values analyzed after applying similarity measures on the uploaded text and
the ANN as a classification approach is listed in Table 2 with the graphical representation
illustrated in Figure 5. The graph has shown that the recall rate using the ANN approach is less
compared to the Cosine similarity index. This is possible only because the similarity approach
along with encryption and ANN approach performed well to find the similarity between the
uploaded text documents as well as the features that are used during the training time are exactly
used by the classifier and hence reduce the falsely detected documents.
Table 3: F-score
Number of Uploaded Text
Cosine similarity ANN
Documents
100 0.674194 0.670759
200 0.657368 0.661614
300 0.648782 0.644563
400 0.638498 0.623512
500 0.624201 0.614743
600 0.615442 0.605562
700 0.59377 0.596298

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0.7
0.68
0.66

F score 0.64
0.62
0.6
0.58
0.56
0.54
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Number of uploaded text documents
Cosine similarity ANN

Figure 6: F-score
F score represents the average selection of truly matched features with classified output based on
training as well as a testing feature set. From Figure 6, the F score analyzed using ANN approach
is higher than that of the Cosine similarity technique.
Table 4: Accuracy
Number of Uploaded Text
Cosine similarity ANN
Documents
100 68.536 0.955
200 67.98 0.9422
300 66.12 0.938
400 65.37 0.926
500 64.47 0.917
600 63.68 0.904
700 62.92 0.892

The accuracy of the designed secure cloud system is shown in Table 4 and Figure 7. From the
figure, it has been observed that with the increase in the number of uploaded text documents the
accuracy of the designed system decreases. This is because with the increase in the number of
text documents, the chances of relevant features as well as irrelevant features increases, which
results in the reduction of detection accuracy.

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100

80

Accuracy
60

40

20

0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Number of uploaded text documents

Cosine similarity ANN

Figure 7: Accuracy

5. Conclusion
Presently, in the IT sector everything is moving to adopt new and trending technology.
Most people around the world are switching to cloud storage for data storage so that they can
access their data from anywhere and anytime. This paper has presented a neural network-based
secure cloud storage architecture that takes advantage of encryption and cosine similarity
approaches.
The designed model offers data security with the high-performance rate in terms of
precision, recall, F-score and accuracy evaluated using large number of text documents ranging
from 100 to 700. Based on the AES and DSA as an encryption approach, the document has been
encrypted and the results have been computed in cloudsim as a simulator. The comparative
analysis with and without involvement of ANN architecture is also performed to justify the
essence of neural architecture in the proposed work. Overall, simulation analysis concluded that
the proposed work proved to be successfully offering a secure data storage platform for cloud
users with an average accuracy of 92.48%.

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