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MAT 461/561: 13.1 The Shooting Method For BVP: Announcements

The document summarizes the shooting method for solving two-point boundary value problems (BVPs). It discusses: 1) Converting a BVP into an initial value problem (IVP) by guessing the derivative at one boundary and solving the IVP. 2) Iteratively adjusting the guessed derivative to find the value that satisfies both boundaries. 3) Applying the shooting method to linear BVPs by constructing solutions from two IVPs and solving for the combining coefficient. 4) An example demonstrating solving a linear BVP using the shooting method.

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47 views

MAT 461/561: 13.1 The Shooting Method For BVP: Announcements

The document summarizes the shooting method for solving two-point boundary value problems (BVPs). It discusses: 1) Converting a BVP into an initial value problem (IVP) by guessing the derivative at one boundary and solving the IVP. 2) Iteratively adjusting the guessed derivative to find the value that satisfies both boundaries. 3) Applying the shooting method to linear BVPs by constructing solutions from two IVPs and solving for the combining coefficient. 4) An example demonstrating solving a linear BVP using the shooting method.

Uploaded by

Debisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAT 461/561: 13.

1 The Shooting Method for BVP

James V. Lambers

April 22 & 27, 2020

Announcements
Final Exam: either oral (over Skype or Zoom or...) or coding project (on Assignments page), on
BVP. Please make your choice and let me know, all work must be completed by Thursday, May 14
(anytime)

Two-Point Boundary Value Problems


A two-point boundary value problem (BVP) consists of a ODE

y 00 = f (x, y, y 0 ), a< x< b

with boundary conditions


y(a) = α, y(b) = β.
Assumptions that guarantee unique solution:
• f , fy , fy0 continuous on domain of x, y, y 0 : x ∈ [a, b], y, y 0 ∈ R

• fy > 0 on domain

• fy0 bounded on domain

The Shooting Method


The shooting method solves this BVP by converting it to an initial value problem (IVP)

y 00 = f (x, y, y 0 ), y(a) = α, y 0 (a) = t

where t is unknown. This requires rewriting the ODE as a first-order system

(y 1 )0 = y 2
(y 2 )0 = f (x, y 1 , y 2 )

where y 1 = y, y 2 = y 0 . Initial conditions: y 1 (a) = α, y 2 (a) = t. The goal is to find t∗ such that

F (t∗ ) = y 1 (b; t∗ ) − β = 0

where y 1 (x; t) is the solution y 1 (x) obtained from initial condition y 2 (a) = t. That is, we’re finding
a root of F (t).

1
Linear Problems
A linear BVP has an ODE of the form

y 00 = p(x)y 0 + q(x)y + r(x)

therefore fy = q(x), fy0 = p(x). Therefore we assume q(x) > 0 since fy > 0 ensures unique solution.

2
To solve this BVP using the Shooting Method, we first solve these problems:

• Let y1 (x) be the solution of

y 00 = p(x)y 0 + q(x)y + r(x), y(a) = α, y 0 (a) = 0

• Let y2 (x) be the solution of

y 00 = p(x)y 0 + q(x)y, y(a) = 0, y 0 (a) = 1

Then we let y(x) = y1 (x) + ty2 (x). Therefore

(y1 + ty2 )00 = p(x)(y1 + ty2 )0 + q(x)(y1 + ty2 ) + r(x)

and y(x) solves our ODE. At boundary:

y(a) = y1 (a) + ty2 (a) = α + 0 = α, y 0 (a) = y10 (a) + ty20 (a) = t, β = y(b) = y1 (b) + ty2 (b)

Therefore we can solve for t, in terms of β, y1 (b), y2 (b), provided y2 (b) 6= 0.


Example:
y 00 = 2y 0 − y + xex − x, y(0) = 0, y(2) = −4
We solve the IVP
y 00 = 2y 0 − y + xex − x, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
to obtain
1
y1 (x) = x3 ex − xex + 2ex − x − 2
6
We then solve the IVP
y 00 = 2y 0 − y, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
to obtain
y2 (x) = xex .
Then
1
y(x) = x3 ex − xex + 2ex − x − 2 + t(xex )
6
and
4
y(2) = y1 (2) + ty2 (2) = e2 − 4 + t(2e2 ) = −4.
3
If we set t = −2/3 then both boundary conditions are satisfied.

Nonlinear Problems

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