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C - Strings: Char Greeting (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '/0')

The document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides examples of declaring and initializing strings, and shows how the null character marks the end of a string. The document also lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), and examples of using them.

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AVVARI AMMU
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39 views3 pages

C - Strings: Char Greeting (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '/0')

The document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides examples of declaring and initializing strings, and shows how the null character marks the end of a string. The document also lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), and examples of using them.

Uploaded by

AVVARI AMMU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C - Strings - Tutorialspoint https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c...

C - Strings

Strings are actually one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null


character '\0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the
string followed by a null.

The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting of the word
"Hello". To hold the null character at the end of the array, the size of the character
array containing the string is one more than the number of characters in the word
"Hello."

char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

If you follow the rule of array initialization then you can write the above statement as
follows −

char greeting[] = "Hello";

Following is the memory presentation of the above defined string in C/C++ −

Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C
compiler automatically places the '\0' at the end of the string when it initializes the
array. Let us try to print the above mentioned string −

Live Demo
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

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C - Strings - Tutorialspoint https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c...

char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};


printf("Greeting message: %s\n", greeting );
return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Greeting message: Hello

C supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings −

Sr.No. Function & Purpose

1 strcpy(s1, s2);

Copies string s2 into string s1.

2 strcat(s1, s2);

Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.

3 strlen(s1);

Returns the length of string s1.

4 strcmp(s1, s2);

Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if
s1>s2.

5 strchr(s1, ch);

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.

6 strstr(s1, s2);

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

The following example uses some of the above-mentioned functions −

Live Demo

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C - Strings - Tutorialspoint https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c...

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main () {

char str1[12] = "Hello";


char str2[12] = "World";
char str3[12];
int len ;

/* copy str1 into str3 */


strcpy(str3, str1);
printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 );

/* concatenates str1 and str2 */


strcat( str1, str2);
printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 );

/* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */


len = strlen(str1);
printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len );

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello


strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
strlen(str1) : 10

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