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Read-Only Memories & Programmable Logic Arrays

This document discusses read-only memories (ROMs) and programmable logic arrays (PLAs). ROMs consist of a decoder and a memory array that stores binary data that can be read but not written. PLAs perform similar logic functions to ROMs but use an AND array and OR array rather than storing data. The document explains how ROMs and PLAs can be used to realize logic functions and provides examples of implementing code converters and Boolean functions with these devices. Programmable versions like PROMs, EPROMs, and EEPROMs allow the user to program the memory, with different levels of reprogrammability.

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Sanchit Parnami
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43 views7 pages

Read-Only Memories & Programmable Logic Arrays

This document discusses read-only memories (ROMs) and programmable logic arrays (PLAs). ROMs consist of a decoder and a memory array that stores binary data that can be read but not written. PLAs perform similar logic functions to ROMs but use an AND array and OR array rather than storing data. The document explains how ROMs and PLAs can be used to realize logic functions and provides examples of implementing code converters and Boolean functions with these devices. Programmable versions like PROMs, EPROMs, and EEPROMs allow the user to program the memory, with different levels of reprogrammability.

Uploaded by

Sanchit Parnami
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE 280

Introduction to Digital Logic Design

Lecture 23.
Read-Only Memories & Programmable Logic Arrays

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 1

Read-Only Memories
Memory is like an array of mailboxes (registries of binary data)
A stored array of binary data which can be read only, but not changed

In general, 2n × m ROM
≡ I/P lines
≡ O/P lines
≡ words*
each bits long

For each combination of inputs on the n input lines, the corresponding pattern
of 0’s and 1’s (a word) is generated on the m output lines
- typical sizes range from (32 words x 4 bits) to (512K words x 8 bits) or larger
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 2

1
ROM Realization of Logic Functions
A B C F0 F1 F2 F3
0 0 0
A
ROM 0 0 1
B 8 words 0 1 0
C x 4 bits 0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
F0 F1 F2 F3 1 1 0
1 1 1
a. Block diagram b. Truth table for ROM

F0 = = A'B' + AC‘
F1 = = B + AC‘
F2 = = A'B' + BC‘
F3 = = AC + B
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 3

ROM Realization of Logic Functions


ROM consists of a decoder and a memory array.
When a particular input sequence is applied to the n decoder inputs, exactly
one of the 2n outputs is set to 1. This output line selects one of the words in
the memory array.

decoder outputs mi
are consecutive
minterms

ROM outputs Fi
are generated by
ORing selected
minterms

Switching elements
pass 1 to output,
otherwise resistors
at the top set
output to 0
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 4

2
Code Conversion Network using ROM
The ROM realizes conversion between BDC (8421) code and Excess-3 code

Decimal Input Output


digit ABCD W X Y Z
0 0000 0 0 1 1 A W
1 0001 0 1 0 0
B X
2 0010 0 1 0 1
C ROM
3 0011 0 1 1 0
Y
4 0100 0 1 1 1 D Z
5 0101 1 0 0 0
6 0110 1 0 0 1
7 0111 1 0 1 0
8 1000 1 0 1 1
9 1001 1 1 0 0
X 1010 X X X X
X 1011 X X X X

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 5

Code Conversion Network using ROM


m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
A m6
4-line to 16-line

m7
DECODER

B
C m8
m9
D m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 6

3
ROM Realization of Logic Functions
Internal structure of a 128 x 1 ROM using two-dimensional decoding
- rectangular form reduces complexity and increases flexibility
- note the inverted decoder, and +5V on ROM output lines

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 7

ROM Types
Mask-programmable (ROM)
- Permanent programming done at fabrication time
- Diodes blown at factory as per customer order
- Very expensive and therefore feasible only for large quantity orders

Programmable ROM (PROM)


- User programmed after purchase, called field-programmable ROM
(FPROM)
- Reprogrammable by user, erasable by UV emission, called erasable,
programmable ROM (EPROM)

Electrically erasable, programmable ROM (EEPROM)


- User can erase individual words; switching elements can be enabled/disabled
- Can be erased and reprogrammed limited number of times, typically 100 to
1000 times

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 8

4
Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA)
Performs the same basic functions as ROM ROM

- the inner organization is different


- decoder is replaced with an AND array
and realizes selected product terms of
the input variables
- output functions are realized by OR
array that Ors together the product
terms

- PLA implements SOP expressions, while PLA


ROM implements a truth table

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 9

Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA)


PLA with n I/P's and m O/P's can realize
PLA is used instead of ROM when n is large, and number of terms is not large
e.g., if n = 16

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 10

5
Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA)
PLA can be represented by a PLA table

Inputs Outputs
Product terms
A B C f1 f2 f3 f4
A’C’ 0 – 0 1 0 1 0
A B’ 1 0 – 0 0 0 1
AC 1 – 1 1 1 0 0
B’C – 0 1 0 1 1 1
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 11

PLA - Example
Design PLA that implements
following functions

a’bd
abd
…

EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 12

6
Programmable Arrays Logic (PAL)
The PAL has many features in common with PROM and PLA
The PAL is a special case of the of the PLA in which the array is
programmable and the array is fixed by the manufacturer
Because for PAL only AND array is programmable it is cheaper than PLA; it
is also easier to program and therefore often used

A’ A B’ B C’ C

AND gates with 6 inputs


(A’, A, B’, B, C’, C)
EE280 Lecture 23 23 - 13

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