1 Architecture and Engineering Heavily Relies On Calculus For The Construction of Bridges, Road, Tunnel Etc

Calculus, also known as infinitesimal calculus in early history, is a mathematical discipline centred
on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Isaac Newton , a british scientist and
Gottfried Leibniz, a self taught german mathematician invented calculus in the mid-17th century. It
has been long disputed who should take credit for inventing calculus first, but both independently
made discoveries that led to what we know now as calculus.Isaac Newton is credited with many of
the beginnings of calculus. He introduced the product rule, chain rule and higher derivatives to solve
physics problems.He also replaced the calculus of infinitesimals with geometric representations.
Newton discovered the inverse relationship between the derivative (slope of a curve) and the integral
(the area beneath it), which deemed him as the creator of calculus. Thereafter, calculus was actively
used to solve the major scientific dilemmas of the time, such as:calculating the slope of the tangent line to
a curve at any point along its length,determining the velocity and acceleration of an object given a function describing
its position, and designing such a position function given the object's velocity or acceleration,calculating arc lengths
and the volume and surface area of solids and calculating the relative and absolute extrema of objects, especially
projectiles.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz systemized the ideas of calculus of infinitesimals. Unlike Newton,
Leibniz provided a clear set of rules to manipulate infinitesimals. He spent time determining
appropriate symbols and paid more attention to formality. His work leads to formulas for product and
chain rule as well as rules for derivatives and integrals. In conclusion ,For Newton, the applications
for calculus were geometrical and related to the physical world - such as describing the orbit of the
planets around the sun. For Leibniz, calculus was more about analysis of change in graphs.
Leibniz's work was just as important as Newton's, and many of his notations are used today, such as
the notations for taking the derivative and the integral.
Uses of calculus
1 Architecture and engineering heavily relies on calculus for the construction of bridges , road ,
tunnel etc
2 in biology,calculus is utilized to formulate rates such as birth and death rates.
3In business, calculus is used to compute marginal cost and marginal revenue, enabling
economists to predict maximum profit in a specific setting.
4Weather models.
technology, such as computer modeling uses calculus and is able to more meticulously
predict upcoming weather.
5 Calculus is used to improve public health in The field of epidemiology -- the study of
the spread of infectious disease
Definition of terms
In calculus, differentiation is the process by which rate of change of a curve is
determined.
Integration is just the opposite of differentiation. It sums up all small area lying under a
curve and finds out the total area.
Calculus Calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with the rates of changes between
variables (derivatives) as well as areas under curves that represent functions (integrals).the
two main types are differential calculus and i ntegral calculus.
The derivative of a function f is a (typically different) function f ' that measures the rate of
change of the y-values of f with respect to change in the x-value. Another notation for
the derivative is dy/dx.
The derivative value f '(a) also measures the slope of the tangent line to the curve at the
point (a, f( a) ).
In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that can describe displacement,
area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data.Integrals are often
described as finding the area under a curve.
A line that touches a function curve at a single point is said to be Tangent to the function.
Tangent is also one of the six basic trigonometric functions; it is the ratio of the opposite side
(from a specified angle) of a right triangle to the adjacent side.

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Calculus, also known as infinitesimal calculus in early history, is a mathematical discipline centred

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