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Introduction To HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - A Review Paper

This document provides a review of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It discusses common HTML tags such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It also reviews HTML attributes, elements, styles, and nested elements. The document aims to discuss the basic concepts of HTML that are important for developing web pages.

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Kiran Kukreja
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73 views4 pages

Introduction To HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - A Review Paper

This document provides a review of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It discusses common HTML tags such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It also reviews HTML attributes, elements, styles, and nested elements. The document aims to discuss the basic concepts of HTML that are important for developing web pages.

Uploaded by

Kiran Kukreja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - A Review Paper

Article  in  International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · May 2018

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Chandigarh University Federation University Australia
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296

Introduction to HTML (Hyper Text Markup


Language) - A Review Paper
Ankush Sharma1, Aakanksha2
Assistant Professor, Department of C.S.E, Chandigarh University Gharuan, India

Abstract: HTML is the Standard Markup Language. It is used for developing Web Pages. HTML is Hyper Text Markup Language
and is used for describing the structure of web pages. Various Tags are used in HTML like "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so
on. This paper discusses various HTML tags that are must for developing web pages.

Keywords: Html Tags, Tables, Lists, Forms and Frames

1. Introduction 2. Related Work


HTML is the Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML elements using Single applet to communicate with
multiple HTML elements contained inside of multiple
The following is a list of some of the most commonly used categories on a page [1].
HTML tags:-
1) <! DOCTYPE HTML>:- It is used to describe the 3. Review of HTML Attributes
version of html.
2) <HTML>:- It is the root element in an Html Web page. HTML Elements can use different Attributes to provide
3) <HEAD>:- It is having information about the document. information.
4) <TITLE>:- It is used to provide title for the Web
Document. Basics of HTML Attributes:-
5) <BODY>:- It contains all the information in the 1) Attributes can be used in all HTML elements.
document. 2) They are used to give information about the HTML
6) <H1>:- It defines heading of large size. Elements.
7) <P>:- It defines the paragraph. 3) They are defined by using start tag.
4) They are mostly defined in pairs like name/value pairs
a) Basic HTML Documents e.g.: name="value”.
1) To start any HTML document , it must be started with a 5) The Lang Attribute is used to declare a language.
document Type Declaration (DTD) i.e <!DOCTYPE 6) The title Attribute is used to display as a tooltip when
HTML>. you mouse over the paragraph.
2) HTML document starts with the start tag i.e <HTML> 7) The href Attribute is used to specify the link address. It
and ends with the end tag i.e </HTML> uses the <a> tag.
3) Content of document is between the <BODY> and E.g. <a href="https://www.google.com" Link for
</BODY>. Google</a>
8) Size Attributes is used to define the size in terms of
b) Basic HTML Headings width and height.
1) HTML Headings are of 6 types and defined with <h1> to E.g.<img src="abc.jpg" width="147" height="112">
<h6> tags. 9) The alt Attribute is used to provide alternative text to be
2) Heading <H1> defines the heading that is most important used in case image is unable to be displayed.
and of largest size. E.g.<img src="abc.jpg" alt="abc.com" width="104" hei
3) Heading <H6> defines the heading that is least important ght="142">
and of smallest size.
4) Heading <H2>,<H3>,<H4>,<H5> are of size in between 4. Review of HTML Elements
<H1> and <H6> i.e. (Size of H6<H5<H4<H3<H2<H1).
Various HTML Elements are used and they have start and
c) Basic HTML Paragraphs, Links and Images the end tag and in between them the content is inserted.
1) HTML Paragraphs are defined with the <p> and </p>. E.g. <tagname> Body or content </tagname>
2) Anchor tag <a> is used to define HTML Links.
3) Href Attribute is used to define the link’s destination. Nested HTML Elements
4) Additional properties can be assigned with the use of Nested HTML Elements are those in which elements are
different Attributes. within the elements. Almost all HTML documents are of
5) HTML Images are defined with the <img> tag. Nested HTML Elements.
6) Different attributes can be provided with image tag like E.g In this 4 elements are used.
the source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and <!DOCTYPE html>
height. <html>

Volume 7 Issue 5, May 2018


www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20182355 DOI: 10.21275/ART20182355 1337
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296
<body> <td>ABC</td>
<h1>Table and chair</h1> <td>2101</td>
<p>Table Description</p> <td>27</td>
</body> </tr>
</html> <tr>
<td>CDE</td>
5. Review of HTML Styles <td>2102</td>
<td>28</td>
HTML Style attribute is used to provide properties in the </tr>
document. Syntax is <tagname style="property:value;"> </table>
Different Type of Styles:-
1) Adding Border to an HTML Table
1. HTML Background Color Border is required to be defined otherwise it will be
The background-color property is used to provide displayed without Borders. CSS border property is used to
background color to an document. set the borders.E.g. table, th, td {
E.g. <body style="background-color: blue;"> border: 1px solid Red;
<h1>Table and Chair</h1> }
<p>Table Description</p>
</body> 2) Collapsing the Borders in an HTML Table
CSS Border-collapse Property is used to collapse the border
2. HTML Text Color into one border.
The color property is used to text a color in the document. table, th, td {
E.g. <h1 style="color:Red;">Table and chair </h1> border: 1px solid Red;
<p style="color:Green;">Table Description. </p> border-collapse: collapse;
}
3. HTML Fonts
The font-family property is used to describe the type of font 3) Cell Padding in an HTML Table
used in the document. It is used to define the space between the cell content and its
E.g. <h1 style="font-family:times new roman;">Table and borders.
chair</h1> th, td {
<p style="font-family:times new roman;">Table padding: 35px;
Description.</p> }

4. HTML Text Size 4) Border Spacing in an HTML Table


The font-size property is used to define the size of the text in It is used to provide the spacing between the cells.
an HTML Document. CSS border-spacing property is used to set the spacing
E.g.<h1 style="font-size:100%;">Table and chair</h1> between borders.
<p style="font-size:150%;">Table Description.</p> E.g. table {
border-spacing: 15px;
5. HTML Text Alignment }
The text-align property is used to text alignment in an
HTML Document. 5) Colspan in HTML Table
E.g. <h1 style="text-align:Right;">Right Heading</h1> It is used to merge the columns by using the colspan
<p style="text-align:Right;">Right paragraph.</p> attribute.
E.g.<table style="width:100%">
6. HTML Tables <tr>
<th>Name</th>
<Table> tag is used to define an HTML Table. It uses some <th colspan="2">Table</th>
tags for creating rows in the table and for adding data </tr>
elements in the table. <tr>
<td>ABC</td>
Some of them are: <td>55</td>
1) <TR>:- It is used to denote Table Row. <td>58</td>
2) <TH>:-It is used to denote Table Header. </tr>
3) <TD>:- It is used to denote the Table Data. </table>

E.g.:<table style="height:100%"> 6) Rowspan in an HTML Table


<tr> It is used to merge the rows by using the rowspan attribute.
<th>Name</th> E.g. <table style="width:100%">
<th>Roll NO</th> <tr>
<th>Age</th> <th>Name:</th>
</tr> <td>ABC</td>
<tr> </tr>
Volume 7 Issue 5, May 2018
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20182355 DOI: 10.21275/ART20182355 1338
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296
<tr> <ol>
<th rowspan="2">Tableth> <li>A</li>
<td>55</td> <li>B
</tr> <ul>
<tr> <li>C</li>
<td>58</td> <li>D</li>
</tr> </ul>
</table> </li>
<li>E</li>
7) Caption in an HTML Table </ol>
It is used to provide title to an HTML Table by using
<caption> tag. 1. A
2. B
E.g.<table style="width:100%">  C
<caption>Record</caption>  D
<tr>
<th>Name</th> 8. Future Scope
<th>Age</th>
</tr> HTML Tags are used in many other forms which I have not
<tr> added in this Review Paper. It can be extended by using
<td>JA</td> HTML in Forms, Frames, DTD, CSS, and it can also be
<td>20</td> discussed with the XML. It’s future scope is to introduce
</tr> some advanced HTML tags.
<tr>
<td>Fy</td> 9. Acknowledgment
<td>50</td>
</tr> The success of this Paper would have been uncertain
</table> without the help and guidance of dedicated person. Thus
as a token of appreciation of their effort in making it a
7. HTML Lists success, With a deep sense of gratitude I would like to
extend thanks to Mr. Ankush Sharma for their kind
Lists are used to define the elements in an order or without cooperation in the preparation of this Paper. Last but not
order. It is of two types: the least; we would like to convey our heartfelt gratitude
to our beloved parents, without their constant inspiration
1) An Unordered List: throughout our career we would not have reached this
It starts with the <ul> tag and ends with the </ul> tag. By stage.
default the list items will use the bullets.
<ul> References
<li>A</li>
<li>B</li> [1] Håkon Wium Lie, Janne Saarela, “Multipurpose Web
<li>C</li> publishing using HTML, XML, and CSS”,1999.
</ul>
It will be displayed as follows:-
 A
 B
 C

2) An Ordered List:
It starts with the <ol> tag and ends with the </ol> tag. By
default items will use numbers.
<ol>
<li>A</li>
<li>B</li>
<li>C</li>
</ol>
It will be displayed as follows:-
1. A
2. B
3. C

3) Nested HTML Lists


It is the list within the list.

Volume 7 Issue 5, May 2018


www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20182355
View publication stats DOI: 10.21275/ART20182355 1339

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