Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure

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 Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure
YEAP SY
3.1 PRESSURE
1. Pressure is defined …………………………………………...
Force
Pressure =
Area
F
P=
A
where P in unit of Pascal (Pa) or N m-2, F in unit of Newton (N), A in unit of metre2 (m2)
2. Factor affect the magnitude of pressure :
(a)
(b)

3. Application:
(a)

(b)

(c)

3.2 Pressure in Liquids

1. The pressure in water is due to the weight of the water above the object.
2. Formula of pressure in liquids:
P = gh
where  is density of liquid /kg m-3 ,A is surface area of/m2and h is depth/m.

3. Factors Influencing the Pressure in Liquids:

(a)
(b)
(c)

4. Application of pressure in liquid:

(a)
(b)
(c)

3.3 Understanding Gas Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

Kinetic Theory of Gases
1. The kinetic theory of gases is based on the following assumption:
(a) The molecules in a gas move freely in ……………………………
……………………………………………………..
(b) The ……………………… between the molecules are negligible.
(c) The collisions of the molecules with each other and with the walls of the
container are …………………………..
2. Explanation of pressure of gas produced:

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 Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure
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3. Factors affect the air or gas pressure:
(a)
(b)

Atmospheric Pressure
1. Atmospheric pressure is caused by t…………………………………………….
above the earth’s surface and acts on every object on the surface of the earth.
1 atmosphere (atm) at sea level = 105 Pa
= 105 Nm-2
= 760 mm Hg
= 10 m water
2. Atmospheric pressure …………………. with altitude, or height above sea level.
3. At …………………………. altitudes, the density and the temperature of the air
are ……………………... As the result, the frequency of collision of the molecules
is ………………………... Hence, the atmospheric pressure is ………………..

4. Applications of Atmospheric Pressure:

Application Explanation
a Rubber sucker

b Drinking Straw

c Pour milk out of its can

5. Instruments for Measuring atmospheric pressure:

Instrument Explanation
a. Aneroid Barometer

b Mercury barometer

6. Instruments for Measuring gas pressure:

Instrument Explanation
a. Bourdon gauge

b Manometer

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 Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure
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3.4 Applying Pascal’s Principle
Pascal’s Principle
1. Pascal’s Principle state that ………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Formula:
a.
F1 F
= 2
A1 A2

b.

3. Application:
A. Hydraulic lift:

B. hydraulic brake

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 Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure
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3.5 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
1. An object immersed in water is subjected to two forces, the …………………… of the
object which acts downwards and an ………………………………………………. which
acts upwards.
2. A buoyant force is an ………………………………. resulting from an object being
wholly or partially immersed in fluid.
3. Archimedes’ Principle states that when an object is wholly or partially immersed in a
liquid, it experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
4. Formula (i): According the definition,

Formula (ii): Figure below shows an object attached to a spring balance.

Formula (iii): Different pressure acted on the surfaces of block produce a

resultant force
which if buoyant force.

5. Cases happened when an object is immersed in fluid:

Situation

Moving upward Stationary

Moving downward
Explanation

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6. Application:
No Application Explanation
1 Submarine

2 Hot air balloon

3 Hydrometer

3.6 Understanding Bernoulli’s Principle

1. Bernoulli’s Principle states that when the velocity of fluid is ……………, the pressure
is …………., and when the velocity is………….., the pressure is …………..
- High velocity, Low Pressure
- Low velocity, High Pressure

2. Bernoulli tube:
a.

b.

c.

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 Revision Chapter 3 Forces and Pressure
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3. Application:
No Application Diagram Explanation
1 Aerofoil

2 Bunsen
burner

3 Carburetor

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