Linear Equation in Two Variables – 5

We have learnt:
 X-axis is horizontal (Left to Right) and Y-axis is Vertical (Top to Bottom)
 The Point of intersection of the Axis is Called Origin and has coordinates as (0,0)
 Every point whose coordinates satisfy Equation lies on the line AB.

Let us Learn
Exercise 4.3

Question 1 Draw the graph of each of the following linear equations in two variables:
(i) x + y = 4 (ii) x – y = 2 (iii) y = 3x (iv) 3 = 2x + y
1. Draw the graph of x + y = 4

X 0 4 2
Y 4 0 2

(0,4), (4,0), (2,2)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

2. Draw the graph of x – y = 2

X 4 6 2
Y 2 4 0
(4,2), (6,4), (2,0)
Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

3. Draw the graph of y = 3x

X 0 1 2
Y 0 3 6

(0,0), (1,3), (2,6)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

4. Draw the graph of 3 = 2x + y

y = 3 – 2x

X 0 1 2
Y 3 1 - 1
(0,3), (1,1), (2,-1)
Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

 ordered pair (x, y). The value x is horizontal distance from the origin and y is the
vertical distance from the origin. Moreover, the x coordinate is known as abscissa
and y coordinate is known as ordinate. The Cartesian coordinate plane is shown
below:

2. Give the equations of two lines passing through (2, 14). How many more such lines are there, and
why?
Solution: 1) x + y = 16
2) y – x = 12
There are infinite lines passing through Point (2,14)

3. If the point (3, 4) lies on the graph of the equation 3y = ax + 7, find the value of a.
Solution :
3y = ax + 7
3(4) = a(3) + 7
12 – 7 = 3a
5 = 3a
5
a= 3
4. The taxi fare in a city is as follows: For the first kilometre, the fare is Rs 8 and for the
subsequent distance it is Rs 5 per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total
fare as Rs y, write a linear equation for this information, and draw its graph.

Solution:

Fare of 1st km = Rs. 8

Fare of every km after 1st km = Rs. 5
Total distance = x km
Fare for distance after 1st km = 5 (x – 1)
y = 8 + 5(x – 1)
y = 8 + 5x – 5
y = 5x + 3

X 1 2 3
Y 8 13 18

(1,8), (2,13), (3,18)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 km, on Y-axis 1cm = 2 Rs
18 Y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6. If the work done by a body on application of a constant force is directly proportional to
the distance travelled by the body, express this in the form of an equation in two variables
and draw the graph of the same by taking the constant force as 5 units. Also read from the
graph the work done when the distance travelled by the body is (i) 2 units (ii) 0 unit

Solution:
Let Distance travelled be x and force be y
y∝x
y = kx (k is constant) Here constant k is 5
∴y=5x
X 0 1 2
Y 0 5 10

(0,0), (1,5), (2,10)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 2 unit
18 Y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

at 2 unit distance force is 10 units and at 0 distance force is 0

7. Yamini and Fatima, two students of Class IX of a school, together contributed Rs 100
towards the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund to help the earthquake victims. Write a linear
equation which satisfies this data. (You may take their contributions as Rs x and Rs y.)
Draw the graph of the same.
Solution:
Let Yamini’s Contribution be = Rs x
Let Fatima’s Contrinution be = Rs y
Total Contribution = Rs .100
x + y = 100
X 50 20 60
Y 50 80 40

(50,50), (20,80), (60,40)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 10 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 10unit
90 Y
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0 X
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

8. In countries like USA and Canada, temperature is measured in Fahrenheit, whereas in

countries like India, it is measured in Celsius. Here is a linear equation that converts
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
9
F = 5 C + 32
(i) Draw the graph of the linear equation above using Celsius for x-axis and Fahrenheit
for y-axis.
(ii) If the temperature is 30°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?
(iii) If the temperature is 95°F, what is the temperature in Celsius?
(iv) If the temperature is 0°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit and if the
temperature is 0°F, what is the temperature in Celsius?
(v) Is there a temperature which is numerically the same in both Fahrenheit and
Celsius? If yes, find it.
Solution:
(i) Draw the graph of the linear equation above using Celsius for x-axis and Fahrenheit
for y-axis
9
F = 5 C + 32
 9
F = 5 (10) + 32

F = 9(2) + 32 = 18 + 32 = 50
9
1) F = 5 (20) + 32

F = 9(4) + 32 = 36 +32 = 68

If C = 0 then F = 32
If C = 10 then F = 50
If C = 20 then F = 68

X (c) 0 10 20
Y (f) 32 50 68

(0,32), (10,50), (20,68)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 10 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 10 unit
90 Y
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0 X
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

(ii) If the temperature is 30°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?

9
F = 5 C + 32
9
F = 5 (30) + 32
F = 9 (6) + 32
F = 54 + 32
F = 86

(iii) If the temperature is 95°F, what is the temperature in Celsius?

9
F = 5 C + 32
 9
95 = 5 C + 32
9
95 – 32 = 5 C

9
63 = 5 C

5
63 ( 9 ¿ = C

7 (5) = C
C = 35

(iv) If the temperature is 0°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit and if the
temperature is 0°F, what is the temperature in Celsius?
9
F = 5 C + 32
If C = 0 then
9
F = 5 (0) + 32
F = 0 + 32
F = 32

If F = 0 then
9
F = 5 C + 32
9
0 = 5 C + 32
9
-32 = 5 C
5
-32( 9 )= C

−160
C= 9
C = - 17. 77

(v) Is there a temperature which is numerically the same in both Fahrenheit and
Celsius? If yes, find it.

9
F = 5 C + 32

Let the temperature be x

9
x = 5 x + 32

9
-32 = 5 x – x
 9 x−5 x
-32 = 5

4x
-32 = 5

5(−32)
x=
4
x = 5 (-8)
x = - 40

Equations of Lines Parallel to the x-axis and y-axis

The Graph of an equation where the coefficient of one of the variables is zero will be
parallel to the Axis of that Variable
Eg:
Graph of x = 3 will be parallel to Y-axis as the equation in standard form is x + 0y – 3 = 0
Also
Graph of y = 2 will be parallel to X-axis as the equation in standard form is 0x + y – 2 = 0

x=3

X 3 3 3
Y 0 3 5

(3,0), (3,3), (3,5)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
y=2

X 0 3 5
Y 2 2 2

(0,2), (3,2), (5,2)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit

8 Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

Example 9 : Solve the equation 2x + 1 = x – 3, and represent the solution(s) on (i) the number line,(one Variable)
(ii) the Cartesian plane. (two Variable)

2x + 1 = x – 3
2x – x = -3 – 1
x = -4
For One Variable

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Numberline
For two Variables:
X -4 -4 -4
Y 0 2 4

(-4,0), (-4,2), (-4,4)

Scale: on X-axis 1 cm = 1 unit, on Y-axis 1cm = 1 unit
 Y 8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 X

Home Work Exercise 4.4