FUNDAMENTALS OF TRANSPORT (TPT250)

ASSIGNMENT 1: MODES OF TRANSPORT

PREPARED BY:
NUR HIDAYA BINTI YAKOP
STUDENT ID: 2017495626
PROGRAM CODE: BA111
GROUP: NBMSF7A

LECTURER:
DR. MOHD HAFIZ BIN ZULFAKAR

Institute of Continuing Education & Professional Studies (ICEPS)

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Table of Content

Content Page
1.0 Introduction 3
1.1 Modes of Transportation 1: 4-6
Rail Transport
1.2 Modes of Transportation 2: 7-9
Air Transport
1.3 Conclusion & Reference 10

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1.0 Introduction

Transportation refers to the activities that facilitates physical movement of goods and
individuals from one place to another. Transportation is the part of economic
activities which is concerned with increasing human satisfaction by changing the
Geographical position of goods or people. Transport services aims for moving
people from a place where they are to a place where they would rather be in the
future. Transport also use for movement of finished goods possible to consumers
spread in different locations of the country, consuming goods produced at distant
place. Transport modes are designed for community facilities either carry
passengers or freight, but most of the modes able to carry the combination of both.
Each modes is characterized by technical, and commercial characteristics that relate
to attributes such as speed, capacity and motive technology, while operational
characteristics that involve the context in which modes operated, including speed
limits, safety conditions, or operating hours. They are five types of modes of
transportation which are air transport, rail transport, road transport and water
transport.

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1.1 Mode of Transport: Rail Transport

History

Rail transport is also known as train transport on vehicles which run on tracks
railroads. Rail transport is the most important transport that commonly used and cost
effective modes of commuting and goods carriage over long, as well as, short
distances. The system was runs on metal, rails and wheels that has an inherent
benefit of lesser frictional resistance which helps to attach more load in terms of
carriages.

The first world’s railway tracks began in over 2000 years ago in ancient civilizations
of Egypt, Babylon and Greece. On that time they use animals as such horses or
bulls to carry people and goods. Their engineers quickly noticed that animals spend
much energy if the cart was traveling on predetermined path. They builds roads with
pre-build constraints for wheels for enable new way of transport.

The first railway line in Malaysia’s history was between Taiping and Port Weld
opened by the British to transport tin from the mines in Larut dated 1885. The line
expanded to Kuala Lumpur and Klang, and in 1891, a new line was constructed
between Seremban and Port Dickson. Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) or Malayan
Railways Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway
system dates bake to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin.
Previously Keretapi Tanah Melayu known as the Federated Malay States Railway
(FMSR) and the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), KTM acquired its current
name in 1962. The organization was corporatized in 1992 and it’s wholly owned by
the Malaysian government. KTM Bhd introduced the first commuter train service in
1995 to connect Kuala Lumpur to Rawang and Kuala Lumpur to Seremban.
“Railways connect places and bring people together” it shows there is potential for
more transformation.

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Present

There are many worldwide precedents where redeveloped railways to bring growth
and vitality into urban areas. For example King Cross in London or the Underline in
Miami show that rail infrastructure can also transform the urban environment.

KTM Southern Line stations where the small towns are developed around the old
railway stations, there is a possibility for redevelopment of the areas in the vicinity of
the stations as such citing Kluang. Kluang regarded by many small town that located
about 20 hours from Kuala Lumpur, and that will be the one of the biggest
beneficiary of the Gemas-JB rail line. Kluang was founded in 1915 as the
administrative capital for central Johor by the British.

Introduced in 1995, the KTM Komuter has long been a staple mode of transport for
many Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley community. The service operates on a daily
basis with two lines for the Central Sector, namely the Seremban to Batu Caves Lind
and the Tanjung Malim to Pelabuhan Klang Line.

The service was further expanded in 2015 with the introduction of the Northern and
Southern Sectors. Northern Sector is the first of the two lines to operate was the
Kamunting – Butterworth _ Gurun Line. The second of the two lines is operate in
2016 and run from Butterworth to Padang Besar. For the Southern Sector,
passengers can board the Seremban to Gemas Line, which runs from Seremban to
Pulau Sebang/ Tampin and Gemas.

The rail network continues to be the backbone of Malaysia’s existing and future
public transport system, was guided by the Land Public Transport Master Plan. The
annual ridership for rail throughout Malaysia for 2014 stands at 230 million. The
government also injecting substantial investments to improve the rail network. For
example the new Electric Train Services (ETS) from Kuala Lumpur to Ipoh which
began in 2014. The ETS services was expanded in 2015, with the introduction of the
Kuala Lumpur to Padang Besar Electric Train Service (ETS). Meanwhile, the final
package of the Gemas – Johor Bahru double tracking and electrification project was
completed on 2016.

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Future

The Global demand for transport is growing fast. Given present trends, passenger
and freight activity will more than double in the future. Such growth is a token of
social and economic progress, but it carries with greater energy demand and
reliance on rail has the potential to cut the growth. In the world becoming ever more
urbanised, rail travel is well matched urban needs. High-speed rail can serve as an
alternative to short-distance air travel, and conventional and freight rail can
complement to other transport modes to provide efficient mobility.

The LRT3 is a project that is currently being developed under the Urban Rail
Development Plan by SPAD. It was the key part of the National Land Public
Transport Master Plan, that aiming to create a public transport system that is
competent, efficient, integrated and sustainable in the way to raising the socio-
economic levels in Malaysia and will promoting a better quality of life for the rakyat.

LRT3 route was planned ultimately link Bandar Utama to Klang with an overall
distance of 36 kilometers. 25 stations positioned along the route. Construction of the
LRT3 start in 2016 and the expected completion date of the LRT3 is by 2020.

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1.3 Modes of Transport: Air Transport

History

A British group called Air Transport and Travel, Ltd, was the one of the earliest
airline organizations. It’s acquired several Airco D.H.4a VIII by single-engine planes
was designed by Geoffrey De Havilland, Powered by 350-horsepower Eagle V-type
engines from Rolls Royce Ltd. They modified them to include an enclosed cramped
space in the fuselage with room for two adventurous passengers. The company
occurred on 25 Aug 1919 when the plane flew from London to Paris with its sole
passenger, an enterprising newspaper reporter.

The British also used airlines to knit together the elements of their far-flung empire.
The Imperial Airways mounted operations in Africa and the Middle East at 1920s.
Into the late 1930s, standard equipment on these routes was state Handley Page
H.P 42, a biplane having a wingspan of 130 feet and four 490 horsepower Bristol
Jupiter engines depending on seating arrangements up to 24 to38 passengers
cruised along at about 100 miles (160 km) per hour over the plane’s 500 mile
(800km) range.

Netherlands was organized a new airline in 1919, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, in
began services between London and Amsterdam by using aircraft built by Anthony
Fokker. In Germany, was prevented by the Treaty of Versailles from developing
military aircraft. The effort poured considerable into civilian designs. The German
government also gave its blessing to the expansionist plans of Deutsche Luft Hansa
formed in 1926.

They are many types of air transport as such aeroplanes, helicopters, hot air
balloons, blimps and gliders.

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Present

Most of airlines company want to win on the world stage and grow. Now the boeing
777 family offers flagship status and growth potential that the competition, by
providing a clear path to a successful future. The economic and performance of the
777-300ER are unbeaten, its range capability and efficiency to help operators that
maximize profits. The Boeing 777 is unique of combination in superior range,
outstanding fuel efficiency and passenger-preferred comfort was created long-range
success for carriers around the world.

Malaysia Airlines was also one of the first Boeing 777 customers in Southeast Asia.
Over the years, Malaysia Airlines Bhd has taken of more than 140 Boeing airplanes,
including 100 727s. In July 2016, it announced an order for up to 50 737 MAX
airplanes. In September 2017, the Memorandum of Understanding were signed by
the airlines for 16 airplanes. They announced, eight 787-9 Dreamliners and eight
additional purchase right of 737 MAX 8s. Also include the announcement from
Malaysia Airlines that Boeing’s Global Fleet Care Services will maintain the national
carrier’s current and future Boeing airplanes.

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Future

During the pandemic COVID-19 situations, travel can increase the chance of
spreading and getting COVID-19. By postponing travel and staying at home is the
best way to protect ourself and other form COVID-19.

Malaysian Airlines has announces their plans to offer employees the opportunity to
reskill, through its recently introduced MH EDGILE program. The program is open
more than 2000 employees. From the current reduced network and operational
capacity the main employees who are affected was mainly pilot, cabin crew and
other front-line community members. For the employees to be upskilled and reskilled
for other job competencies either in specialised competency was provided by MH
EDGILE. As such, facilities management and auditing general and trainable areas
such as sales and the IT helpdesk.

Malaysian Airlines said the program also enables employees to lend their expertise
and services to support the long term business sustainability. Malaysian Aviation
Group chief executive Izham Ismail said now was the perfect time for staff to
“reinvent themselves”.

Whit the pandemic it still showing the little sign of improvement, forcing some airlines
to halt operations and ground almost fleet, it is important for us to prepare our
workforce with the new skill sets to become more efficient.

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Conclusion

Transportation helps the whole businesses in doing a large scale of production in

Reference

1. tun razak exchange, august 10, 2020, malaysia’s railways offer history and
adventure, www.trx.my

2. History of railroad – Development of rail Transport, www.trainhistory.net

3. Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM), the KTM intercity service, www.apad.gov.my

4. Historical development of Air Transport, www.researchgate.net

5. Britannica, History of flight-the first airlines, www.britannica.com

6. Malaysia Airlines, Boeing: Malaysia Airlines, www.boeing.com

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