White Paper

pH of Non-Aqueous Samples
Measurement in Organic Solvents

Find out which sensor is most suitable to measure pH in organic solvents reliably.
Learn about best measurement practices to obtain accurate results and prolong sensor life.

Measurement of pH in samples containing organic solvents is challenging. Moreover, many

pH sensors are not designed for this purpose.

When organic solvents are present in appreciable quantities, there is a shift in pH readings
due to the effects of non-aqueous solvents on the activity of hydrogen ions and on the pH
electrode. This can ultimately lead to fluctuations in the liquid junction potential of the pH
electrode system, causing drift in response time and inaccurate, irreproducible results.

This document explains which sensor is best for measuring sample in organic solvents and
why. It provides guidance on how to achieve accurate results, for both water-miscible and
non-water-miscible organic solvents, respectively. Furthermore, results and repeatability
values for selected samples are shown and compared.

Contents

1. Introduction 2

2. Experimental 3

3. Tips and Hints 11

4. Summary 11

5. References 12
 1. Introduction
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples

Industrial sectors like chemical, pharmaceutical, food, paint, petroleum and fuels have to measure pH of non-
aqueous samples in their day-to-day laboratory and research activity. Unlike aqueous samples, these types of
samples need an additional understanding to perform the pH measurement.

A conventional pH electrode is designed to measure the pH in aqueous solutions. Whereas pH measurement in

non-aqueous samples needs to tackle issues such as drift in pH measurement, unstable liquid junction poten-
tial, long response times leading to errors while recording pH values. Moreover, the presence of organic solvents
contributes to this situation, since the dissociation pattern is not the same as the dissociation of water (equilib-
rium constant for water, Kw = 10−14) and hence the pH scale gets altered. The present study focuses on the pH
measurement in such a scenario. The non-aqueous solvents can be differentiated into water-miscible solvents
(a solvent that does not form a separate layer when mixed with water and forms a homogeneous solution with it)
and water-immiscible solvents (a solvent that forms a separate layer when added to water). Both these types
of solvents need to be handled differently when measuring the pH value and hence form two different sections
of this study. Understanding the need for a specialist pH electrode for such non-aqueous applications, METTLER
TOLEDO has designed 'InLab Science Pro-ISM'. The performance of this sensor is discussed in detail while
measuring the pH of organic solvents and samples.

Industrial applications for pH of non-aqueous samples.

2 White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
 2. Experimental

A. Approach

Herein, pH measurements in non-aqueous samples are differentiated into two different sections, namely water-
miscible and immiscible organic solvents. Water-miscible solvents form a homogeneous solution with water
and their pH is measured as a mixture of aqueous and organic content. In case of immiscible solvents, there
is a separation of the organic layer from the aqueous phase, the density of the solvent determining the order
of the phases. Hence the pH measurement has to be treated differently.

pH Measurements
in organic solvents

Water-miscible organic solvents Water-immiscible organic solvents

Eg: Methanol, Ethanol, IPA, Eg: Chloroform, Toluene,
DMSO, Acetonitrile Hexane

a. How to measure a. How to measure

b. Typical examples b. Typical examples
with samples Specialist pH sensor with samples
'InLab Science Pro-ISM'
 Features
 Change of reference electrolyte

Figure 1: Outline of the topics covered in this study.

Various experiments were executed in each section to study the trend of pH values in organic solvents.
Each behavior is discussed individually to focus on the factors affecting accuracy and precision of pH mea-
surement in these samples. The advantages offered by METTLER TOLEDO specialist sensor in measuring
the pH of these samples are demonstrated in the next paragraphs.

White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
3
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples
B. Chemicals and reagents

Organic solvents, namely Methanol, Ethanol, IPA, DMSO and Acetonitrile were used as a representative to study
water-miscible solvents. Chloroform, Toluene, Hexane were used for the study of water-immiscible solvents.
Typical pharma and industrial samples of non-aqueous nature were used for the pH measurement studies.
All chemicals used were of Analytical grade from MERCK (purity above 99.5%). METTLER TOLEDO Europe
technical buffers were used for the calibration and experimental studies of the pH electrode. Electrolyte filling
solution 3 mol/L KCl (P/N: 51343180), 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol (P/N: 51350088) were used as electrolytes
for the pH electrode.

C. pH measurement apparatus and instrumentation

SevenExcellence S400 meter (P/N: 30046240) was used for all the pH measurements. The data collection and
analysis were processed using LabX®. The pH of all the samples in this study was measured using a specialist
pH electrode InLab Science Pro-ISM (P/N: 51344072). "Pro" indicates inbuilt temperature probe; the ISM (Intelli-
gent Sensor Management) feature ensures storage and transfer of calibration history and sensor information
to the instrument. The original reference system of the pH electrode is ARGENTHAL™/KCl. The double electrolyte
chamber of the electrode enables to change the outer bridge electrolyte from KCl/water to LiCl/ethanol system,
to be compatible with the sample composition in non-aqueous solutions. Its thoughtful design helps to handle
the challenges in pH measurement of non-aqueous applications. The details are further explained in the specialist
sensor section (page 9). All the experiments were carried out in a laboratory with an ambient temperature of
25 ± 2 °C.

Inner reference electrolyte

Movable sleeve junction
Outer bridge electrolyte

Chemically resistant glass membrane

Double reference electrolyte system

Figure 2: InLab Science Pro-ISM pH sensor for measurement of non-aqueous samples.

4 White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
 Result and Discussion

A. Water-miscible organic solvents

Understanding the pH value shift in solvent system

The conventional pH scale of 0 to 14 is based on the dissociation behavior of water. In case of samples dis-
solved in organic solvent, there is a change in the dissociation equilibrium (depending on the ion product of
the solvent involved) that results in completely different concentration ranges for H+ ions compared to the ionic
product of water. Hence, the pH value recorded in water as solvent is different compared to the pH value in or-
ganic solvents. A simple experiment, taking the conventional '3 mol/L KCl in water' as reference electrolyte, is
performed below to observe the shift in pH values when the solvent is changed from water to ethanol.

The experiment was carried out using pH buffers. Buffers are composed of a mixture of a weak acid/base and
its corresponding conjugate base/acid salt and have the ability to maintain their pH despite addition of a certain
quantity of acid or base, depending on their buffer capacity. Therefore, if water is added to buffer solutions, no
major shift in pH values is expected. The effect of adding ethanol, a miscible organic solvent to the same buffers
was studied. Fixed proportions of this solvent were added to the buffers and the corresponding changes in pH
values were noted and compared with the same buffer modified with addition of water. In this case, addition of
ethanol lead to increase in the pH values of these buffers. The graph plot (Figure 3) indicates the variation in
the pH values due to presence of this organic phase.

pH 4.01 buffer-water system pH 4.01 buffer-ethanol

pH 7.00 buffer-water pH 7.00 buffer-ethanol

6
pH

3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
% of water / ethanol in buffer

Figure 3: Variation in pH value of buffer (pH 4.01 and pH 7.00) on addition of water/ethanol.

The deviation from the original pH value is clearly visible from the graph. While the equivalent proportion of
water does not increases the pH value above 0.1 pH, the presence of the organic phase increases the pH value
up to 2.1 pH units. This is because the dissociation of the hydrogen ions from the buffer in water is different
from the dissociation in ethanol. The dissociation constant of water (Kw) is 10−14 at 25°C whereas for ethanol,
it is different. Figure 4 illustrates pH ranges for some common solvents 4. For a mixed aqueous/ water-miscible
solvent systems, the effects are intermediate and highly non-linear and is better explained in the literature 5.
The pH is relative in such mixed systems and serves as an indicator of the pH value. Only purely aqueous sam-
ples would have absolute pH values.

White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
5
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples
acetic acid
water
methanol
ethanol
ammonia
aniline
diphenylamine
phenol

0 7 14 21 28
pH
acidic range alkaline range

Figure 4: pH value in different solvents.

How to measure pH in organic (water-miscible) solvents

Water-miscible organic solvents form a single phase with the aqueous system, but the presence of inorganic
salts can lead to turbidity and precipitation in the mixture (especially if the concentration of the organic solvent
is more than 80%). A direct effect of this is noticed when a drop of 3 mol/L KCl solution, which is a conventional
reference electrolyte is added to the organic solvents. Solvents like ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile and DMSO,
if present above 80%, precipitate out the KCl salt, because KCl is not as soluble in these solvents as it is in water 6.
In such a situation, the KCl electrolyte out-flowing from the sleeve junction of the electrode precipitates and
clogs the sensor junction. Hence, pH measurement in organic solvents using 3 mol/L KCl as the electrolyte is not
advisable. 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol solution can be used as the reference electrolyte in such cases. Indeed, LiCl
has a much better solubility in ethanol than KCl (5.84 mol · kg−1 of solvent versus 0.0064 mol · kg−1 at 25 °C
for KCl)7, while remaining perfectly soluble in water. Additionally, the concentration is kept low at 1 mol/L to
further improve solubility. The solvent medium for this electrolyte being ethanol helps miscibility in water-miscible
organic solvents.

The InLab Science Pro-ISM electrode enables to change the outer bridge electrolyte to 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol for
ensuring reliable pH measurement of non-aqueous samples in water miscible organic solvent. Unlike KCl/water
reference electrolyte, LiCl/ethanol fill solution is miscible in organic solvents in all proportions. This provides a
stable junction potential during pH measurement, resulting in a decreased response time and improved precision
when compared with a conventional pH electrode. The absolute pH values measured using KCl/water system
would be different from LiCl/ethanol system due to the change in the overall reference system.

Typical examples for pH of samples in organic (water-miscible) solvents

As a guiding principle, the analyst can check the solubility of 3 mol/L KCl/water electrolyte in the non-aqueous
sample solution. To do this, take a few ml of the non-aqueous sample and add a few drops of the KCl electrolyte
in it. If no precipitation or turbidity arises, the KCl reference electrolyte can be used for the pH measurement.
However, if turbidity is seen, switching the electrolyte to 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol is recommended.

The sample nature can directly influence the response time of the pH electrode and the pH value keeps drifting
in some cases. Allowing ample time to stabilize the pH reading is a best practice to get consistent results in
aqueous samples. However, in non-aqueous samples such as alcohol based samples or ethanol fuel and fuel
blends, ASTM D6423 recommends that the pH measurement is done at a timed endpoint of 30 seconds, upon
immersion of the pH electrode in the sample.

6 White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
 pH measurement of two common pharmaceutical samples were carried out using both conventional 3M KCl-
water and 1M LiCl-ethanol reference electrolyte. The samples tested did not contain major amount of organic
solvent and were freely miscible with both the reference electrolytes. Hence, the pH measurement could be
carried out with either reference electrolyte. All the measurements were carried out in triplicates. The table
below enlists the pH measurement data for the samples analyzed.

Sample (~ Alcohol %) 3M KCl-water 1M LiCl-ethanol

Avg. Response Avg. Response
pH Std Dev (n=3) pH Std Dev (n=3)
Time Time
Elixir (6%) 3.570 0.03 13 s 3.701 0.018 8s

Listerine (26%) 4.350 0.017 17 s 4.215 0.008 7s

Table 1: pH measurement of samples dissolved in miscible organic solvents.

From the above data, one can observe that the use of 1M LiCl-ethanol electrolyte helped in improving the
precision of the measurement and the response time. We note change in the absolute pH values recorded for
the samples using different electrolyte and are accounted to the change of reference system in either case.
For a sample with increased percent of organic (water miscible) solvent, the use of 1M LiCl-ethanol electrolyte
becomes necessary.

B. Water-immiscible organic solvents

This section deals with pH in organic solvents that are water-immiscible, for example hexane, chloroform,
toluene. One can expect a very different pH scale for these solvents, and the lack of ions in the solution makes
it difficult to measure the pH directly using glass electrodes. When an immiscible organic solvent is mixed with
water, two immiscible layers of both aqueous and organic phase are formed in equilibrium. The dissolved
species has the same hydrogen ion activity in both the layers 5. Hence, the extracted water phase gives the pH
of the aqueous phase and in principle, is a reflection of the pH in the organic solvent. However, this technique
also has some inherent challenges, as certain non-polar species are dissolved in the organic solvent but
cannot establish an activity equilibrium with the water phase due to their non-solubility in the aqueous phase.
This leads to the development of a potential at the interface of the layers. The measurement by this technique
gives us a relative pH that remains constant for a fixed concentration of the dissolved species and correlates
with its increase or decrease in the organic solvent under similar conditions.

How to measure pH in water-immiscible organic solvents

The following procedure is recommended to measure pH of samples dissolved in water-immiscible organic
solvents:
• Take sample/ water-immiscible organic solvents and deionized water of controlled pH in a separating funnel
and mix vigorously. The ratio of sample to water can be 1:1 or as per specified method.
• On resting, the two phases separate.
• Extract the water phase and measure the pH of this water phase normally, using 3 mol/L KCl/water as outer-
bridge electrolyte in InLab Science Pro ISM pH sensor.

Direct measurement of pH in the organic solvent phase is not recommended for two reasons. The first and most
important one being the high probability of electrode membrane fouling. Indeed, the glass surface needs
hydration in order to function properly and a direct contact with a water-immiscible organic solvent may lead
to random error, due to dehydration of the membrane. The second reason is the high standard deviation and
long response time encountered in such pH measurements.

White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
7
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples
If however the measurement in such solvents cannot be avoided, LiCl/ethanol should be used as the outer-
bridge electrolyte of the InLab Science Pro ISM. Indeed, the solvent carrier being ethanol, no incompatibilities
with the organic solvents of the sample will be noticed, which would not be the case of 3M KCl-water, as it
is not miscible with these solvents. After measurement, remember to rinse the pH electrode with an appropriate
water-miscible organic solvent and then rinse it off with water thoroughly. pH measurement in pure organic
solvents has to be performed with extreme caution, since improper handling can lead to electrode fouling
and damage.

Typical examples for pH of samples in water-immiscible solvents

Samples dissolved in such organic solvents are very often used in industrial applications. pH measurement
of these samples are required in paints, plastics, coating and life science industries.

One such example is the purification and extraction of nucleic acids – DNA and RNA in life science industry, using
a phenol-chloroform mixture. Herein, the mixture is extracted with an equal amount of aqueous phase. The acidic
pH of the mixture ensures that only RNA is precipitated into the aqueous phase whereas DNA remains at the inter-
face with the organic phase (refer to figure 5).

Nucleic acid extraction using phenol-chloroform mixture

RNA DNA
(Ribonucleic acid) (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Aqueous phase
(RNA) Aqueous phase
(DNA + RNA)
Interface
(DNA)
Organic phase Organic phase
(Protein) (Protein)

Phenol mixture Phenol mixture

pH 4 pH 8

Figure 5: pH driven extraction technique for nucleic acid separation from proteins.

For samples that are dissolved in immiscible organic solvents, an extraction into an aqueous phase and sub-
sequent measurement of their relative pH values is recommended. The concentration extracted in the aqueous
phase depends on the relative solubility of the sample in this phase and on the partition coefficient in the respec-
tive solvent phases. Hence, the absolute pH values, obtained by dissolving the same concentration in water
could be different from the extracted aqueous phase. However, the water extraction technique gives reproducible
pH values that are representative of the sample-organic solvent system without risking the electrode life.

Some experiments were carried out on few non-aqueous samples, wherein, the pH of samples when dissolved
directly in water were compared to pH values when they were dissolved in water-immiscible organic solvents.
The pH of the samples dissolved in water was measured directly in the beaker. For samples dissolved in organic
solvents, the extracting technique, consisting in vigorously mixing deionized water in a separating funnel,
was used. On resting, the water layer was extracted and the pH was measured normally, using InLab Science
Pro ISM pH sensor with 3 mol/L KCl/water as outer-bridge electrolyte.

8 White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
 Sample Water layer extracted from
Water Chloroform Toluene Hexane
pH pH pH pH
Acrylic acid (10% v/v) 2.10 ± 0.01 2.25 ± 0.02 2.16 ± 0.01 2.11 ± 0.01
Phenol (6% w/v) 5.53 ± 0.03 5.46 ± 0.02 5.73 ± 0.01 6.02 ± 0.01
Aniline (10% v/v) 8.36 ± 0.01 7.22 ± 0.01 7.32 ± 0.01 7.88 ± 0.01
Diisopropylamine (10% v/v) 12.51 ± 0.02 11.48 ± 0.01 11.91 ± 0.01 12.04 ± 0.01

Table 2: pH measurement of non-aqueous samples dissolved in different solvents.

The samples were analyzed in triplicates. Across different organic solvents, variance in pH values is observed,
depending on the dissociation and partitioning in respective solvents. Nevertheless, the relative pH values
adequately reflected the pH in organic solvents and were found to be reproducible.

C. Specialist sensor for non-aqueous pH measurements

InLab Science Pro-ISM pH sensor serves as an ideal electrode for non-aqueous applications (refer to figure 2).
The glass shaft body of the electrode has a good chemical resistance. The pH sensing membrane is made of
A41 glass, which is chemically and thermally resistant (up to 130 °C). The electrode has a movable sleeve junc-
tion, which ensures easy and adequate outflow of reference electrolyte into the sample, compared to a conven-
tional ceramic junction. The movable sleeve makes it easy to clean in case of any precipitation at the junction.
InLab Science Pro-ISM pH electrode has the added advantage of a double electrolyte wherein the outer bridge
electrolyte can be changed from conventional 3 mol/L KCl solution to 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol solution. This alter-
nate filling solution helps improving the speed and precision of the pH measurement in non-aqueous samples.
Overall, the sensor has been designed meticulously to meet all the requirements for pH measurement in non-
aqueous applications. Kindly note that the inner electrolyte is 3 mol/L KCl solution for this electrode and should
not be changed, since the main reference system should remain Ag | AgCl | 3M KCl.

Standard protocol for changing the outer reference electrolyte

To change the bridge electrolyte from the conventional 3 mol/L KCl-water to 1 mol/L LiCl-ethanol, the following
steps have to be performed sequentially.

1. Remove the existing 3 mol/L KCl − outer bridge electrolyte by lifting the sleeve of the pH electrode and drain
off the electrolyte solution. The remaining, if any, can be removed using a bulb from the outer safelock.
Take care to keep the SafeLock for inner electrolyte closed during this step.

2. Rinse the electrolyte bridge chamber with deionized water thoroughly (2−3 times). Getting rid of the KCl salt
is important, since KCl precipitates out in pure ethanol and can lead to clogging in the chamber.

3. Rinse the electrolyte bridge chamber with small amount of 1 mol/L LiCl-ethanol electrolyte.

4. Fill the chamber with fresh 1 mol/L LiCl in ethanol electrolyte. Observe for any presence of precipitation.
Otherwise, the steps have to be repeated, since it indicates insufficient rinsing with deionized water and
presence of KCl.

The pH electrode is now ready to use. Perform the calibration of the pH electrode, to confirm that the slope
and offset value are in a satisfactory range. A slope value of 95−105% and an offset of 0 ± 30 mV ensures
reliable measurements.

White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
9
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples
Kindly note that the slope and offset values recorded with 1 mol/L LiCl-ethanol electrolyte as the outer bridge
electrolyte, can be different from the one noted with conventional 3 mol/L KCl-water electrolyte. Ensure that the
calibration results fall in the recommended working range. If they do not, refer to our pH Sensor Troubleshooting
White Paper, to receive tips and hints on how to maintain your electrode. The presence of KCl crystals inside
the pH electrode (mostly near the internal junction area as in figure 6) interrupts the pH measurement, leading
to high offset values and poor precision.

Ethanol in the outer bridge electrolyte can dehydrate the pH sensitive membrane; hence always keep the pH
sensitive membrane immersed in InLab storage solution for rehydration when not in use. The sleeve junction
should not be in contact with the medium while storing. InLab storage solution contains KCl and can lead to
precipitation at the junction if it comes in contact with ethanol flowing from the outer reference chamber.

For long term storing in the wetting cap or in storage solution, the outer electrolyte system should be changed
back to the original 3 mol/L KCl electrolyte. Otherwise, the concentrated KCl solution present in the storage
solution can diffuse into the pH electrode through the sleeve junction due to the concentration gradient. This
leads to precipitation/clogging as shown in figure 6C, giving rise to offset error.

Figure 6: Picture A shows a regular InLab Science Pro-ISM sensor. Picture B and C is the magnified image of the circled section.
There is no clogging in B whereas C shows clogging and precipitation due to white KCl crystals. Improper refilling of outer reference
electrolyte with 1 mol/L LiCl-ethanol leads to such problems.

10 White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
 3. Tips and Hints

• Make sure to follow a proper rinsing technique so as to clean the electrode thoroughly after non-aqueous
sample measurement. The electrode needs to be soaked in an aqueous medium, such as InLab storage
solution, after exposure to organic solvents to allow rehydration of the gel membrane of the pH electrode.
• As a thumb rule, special attention is needed during pH measurement involving solvent systems containing
more than 80% of organic to water ratio.
• In case of exposure of the electrodes with a water-immiscible organic solvent, rinse the electrode with
a water-miscible solvent like ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, before rinsing with water.
• Between the measurements or when the electrode is not in use, keep only the electrode tip (pH sensitive
membrane) immersed in the storage solution. This helps reconditioning the glass membrane by enriching
it with ions. Never store it in an ion-poor pure water.
• Make sure that the SafeLock (electrolyte filling hole) is opened during pH calibration and measurement.
This applies for the inner and outer electrolyte filling hole of InLab Science Pro-ISM.
• Ensure the use of fresh buffers for the electrode calibration.
• Regular maintenance is very important for prolonging the lifetime of pH electrode. The electrolyte needs
to be refilled regularly.

4. Summary

To conclude, the following flow chart can act as a guide for pH measurement of samples in organic solvents.

pH measurement in organic solvent

using InLab Science Pro-ISM pH sensor

Is organic solvent No Organic solvent is

miscible with water? immiscible in water

Yes Step 1

Change the bridge electolyte Yes Does 3 mol/L KCI Equilibrate the sample with
to 1 mol/L LiCI in ethanol precipitate out in the equal volume of DI water
sample?

Step 2
No

Measure the pH of the Directly measure the pH using

Extract the water phase
sample using this setup conventional 3 mol/L KCI as electrolyte

InLab Science Pro-ISM proves to be a best fit to measure the pH of non-aqueous samples, providing for both
miscible and immiscible organic solvents. The use of this pH sensor ensures that best practices are followed
while measuring the pH in organic solvents with the highest precision and the fastest response time. The relative
pH measured for the non-aqueous sample allows proceeding with the industrial applications confidently.

White Paper
METTLER TOLEDO
11
 5. References
pH of Non-Aqueous Samples

1. Standard test method for determination of pH of denatured fuel ethanol and ethanol fuel blends. ASTM D6423-14.
2. Standard test method for screening of pH in waste. ASTM D4980.
3. Standard test method for pH of water extractions of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures. ASTM D2110-00 (reapproved 2006).
4. METTLER TOLEDO, A.G., 2016. A Guide to pH Measurement – the Theory and Practice of pH Applications.
5. Frant, M.S., 1995. How to measure pH in mixed and nonaqueous solutions. Today’s Chemist at Work, 4, p.39.
6. Pinho, S.P. and Macedo, E.A., 2005. Solubility of NaCl, NaBr, and KCl in water, methanol, ethanol, and their mixed solvents.
7. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 50(1), pp.29−32.
8. Li, M., Constantinescu, D., Wang, L., Mohs, A. and Gmehling, J., 2010. Solubilities of NaCl, KCl, LiCl and LiBr in methanol, ethanol, acetone,
and mixed solvents and correlation using the LIQUAC model. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(10), pp.4981−4988.
9. Mussini, T., Covington, A.K., Longhi, P. and Rondinini, S., 1985. Criteria for standardization of pH measurements in organic solvents
and water+ organic solvent mixtures of moderate to high permittivities. Pure and applied chemistry, 57(6), pp.865−876.
10. Barbosa, J. and Sanz-Nebot, V., 1995. Assignment of reference pH-values to primary standard buffer solutions for standardization
of potentiometric sensors in acetonitrile-water mixtures. Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, 353(2), pp.148−155.
11. Rondinini, S., Mussini, P.R. and Mussini, T., 1987. Reference value standards and primary standards for pH measurements in organic
so vents and water+ organic solvent mixtures of moderate to high permittivities. Pure and applied chemistry, 59(11), pp.1549−1560.
12. Mussini, T., Covington, A.K., Dal Pozzo, F., Longhi, P., Rondinini, S. and Zou, Z.Y., 1983. Determination of standard pH values for potassium
hydrogen phthalate reference buffer solutions in 10, 20, 50, 64 and 84.2 wt per cent methanol/water mixed solvents at temperatures
from 283.15 to 313.15 K. Electrochimica acta, 28(11), pp.1593−1598.

www.mt.com/pH
For more information

Mettler-Toledo GmbH, Analytical

CH-8606 Nänikon, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 567 53 22
Fax +41 22 567 53 23

Subject to technical changes

© 02/2020 Mettler-Toledo GmbH
All rights reserved. 30588306
Marketing pH Lab / MarCom Analytical