Selenium: An Automated Testing Tool

Dr. D. P. Mohapatra
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008
[email protected]
 Plan of the Talk

Introduction to Selenium
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Installation of Selenium IDE
Using Selenium IDE
Selenium Remote Control (RC)
Selenium Web Driver

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 Overview of Selenium

It is an open source automation testing tool for web based

applications.
It is licensed under Apache License 2.0.
Different Languages supported by Selenium are Java, C#,
Ruby, Python, PHP, Perl.
Operating systems Supported by Selenium include windows,
mac, linux, unix.
Different Browsers supported by Selenium are Mozilla (till
latest version), IE 6,7,8, Google chrome, Opera 8, 9, 10.

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 Selenium contd….

04 January 2017 4
 Selenium: History

Developed in 2004 by Jason Huggins as a JavaScript library

and used to automate his manual testing routines
That library eventually became Selenium Core, which
underlies all the functionality of Selenium Remote Control
(RC) and Selenium IDE.
Sometimes it is very difficult to perform the testing because
of its JavaScript based automation engine and the security
limitations browsers apply to JavaScript.

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 Selenium: History

Google being a long time user of Selenium, had a developer

named Simon Stewart who developed WebDriver.
Circumvented Selenium’s JavaScript sandbox to allow it to
communicate with the Browser and Operating System
directly
In 2008, Selenium and WebDriver merged to provide an
excellent test automation framework

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 Story about Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34,

represented by the chemical symbol Se.
It is a nonmetal, chemically related to sulfur and tellurium, and
rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature.

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 Story about Selenium

Selenium.
04 January 2017Selenium is used for treating Mercury Poisoning 8
 Components of Selenium

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 Components of Selenium Contd…

Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE provides facility to export recorded script in
many languages like HTML, Java, Ruby, Python, C#, Junit
and TestNG.
Script created for application testing is called test case in
selenium IDE language and set of test cases is called test
suite in selenium IDE.
It provides record and playback facility to regression test in
any web application.

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 Components of Selenium Contd…

Selenium RC
This is the older version of selenium.
It works on multiple browsers.

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 Components of Selenium Contd…

Webdriver
Web driver is the new version of selenium.
It also supports Android and Iphone Testing.

Grid
Grid is used to run test cases parallely on multiple
machines and browsers.

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 Comparison Table

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 Purpose of use

Selenium is an open source testing tool and hence it serves for

cost-effective automation testing.
One highly beneficial feature of Selenium is that the language
used for building the program is independent of the language
that the web application or website is using.
This implies that the test script can be developed in any of the
languages that Selenium supports.

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 Purpose of use

With Selenium, it is convenient to implement frameworks that

revolve around Object-oriented programming like Keyword
Driven, Data driven and Hybrid.
With the use of Selenium, it is possible to execute
simultaneous tests leveraging various browsers on various
machines.
This turn cuts down the time for test execution when a large
project is in progress.

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 Hardware Requirements

Operating system(s)
▪ Windows - XP, 2003, 2003 Server, Windows Vista,
Windows 7, Windows 2008
▪ Linux
▪ MacOS - Leopard, Snow Leopard.
Memory: Minimum 2 GB RAM.

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 Hardware Requirements

Space: With all included features and libraries installed,

standalone Twist takes about 250- 300 MB (depending on
OS) space on disk.

Display: Minimum 1024 x 768 resolution. However

resolutions of 1280x800 or 1440x900 are preferred if you
want to have many views/windows/tabs open on the Twist
perspectives view.

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 Software Requirements

Firefox
Please be sure you have a recent version of Firefox
installed.
Java Script
The Selenium Remote Control server runs on Java Script.
It thus runs on any operating system that supports a recent
Java implementation.

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 Software Requirements

You can also use the following programming

language to write the code.
Ruby
C#
PHP
Perl
Python

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 Selenium Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)

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 Selenium Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)

The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is

the tool used to develop Selenium test cases.
It's an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most
efficient way to develop test cases.

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 Selenium Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)

It also contains a context menu that allows you

to first select a UI element from the browser's currently
displayed page and then
select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters
predefined according to the context of the selected UI
element.

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 Selenium Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)

Start and
Replay Stop
Toolbar Recording

Selenese
Script
Editor

Accessor
y
Area
Selenium
Log
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 Installation of Selenium IDE

Launch Firefox and navigate

to http://seleniumhq.org/download/.
Under the Selenium IDE section,
click on the link that shows the current version number.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

For security, a Firefox notification will pop up.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

Click on "Allow’’.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

The addons will be downloaded

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

After downloading from Firefox, you'll be presented with a window

shown

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

Select Install Now.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first shows a progress bar, and
when the download is complete, displays the window shown

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

Click on Restart Now.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

After Firefox reboots

you will find the
Selenium-IDE listed
under the Firefox Tools
menu as shown.

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

Also, you will see the Selenium-IDE icon in the toolbar as shown

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 Installation of Selenium IDE contd….

Selenium IDE should launch as shown below

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 Elements in Selenium IDE Toolbar

Speed Control

Run All TCs

Run single TC
Pause
Resume
Step
Record
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 Recording a Selenium Test Case

Open Firefox that has the IDE installed

Open the base URL of the application to record.
Keep the application in a common base state.
Go To Tools Selenium IDE and the IDE will be opened
Start recording using the RED Button in the Tool bar.

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 Recording a Selenium Test Case

Now perform the operations on the application as you are

testing the application.
Once you are done with the recording
Click on the Stop recording button and save the test case
through the file menu.
By default it will be saved as a selenese script (HTML
format)

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 Running Your First Selenium Script

Make sure the application is in the common base state.

Click on the Run button.
Here you can also control the speed of the execution using the
toolbar

Once the test is run you can view the test log in the bottom of
the IDE window

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 Selenium IDE Test Case Pane

In Selenium IDE, you can open more than one test case at a
time.
The test case pane shows you the list of currently opened
test cases.
When you open a test suite, the test case pane will
automatically list all the test cases contained in it.

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 Selenium IDE Test Case Pane

The test case written in bold font is the

currently selected test case
At the bottom portion is a summary of the
number of test cases that were run and failed.
After playback, each test case is
color-coded to represent if it passed or failed.
1. Green color means "Passed.“
2. Red color means "Failed.“
3. Yellow color means “Currently running”.

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 Selenium IDE Editor

You can think of the editor as the place where all the actions
happen. It is available in two views:
1. Table
2. Source.

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 Selenium IDE Editor
Table View
• This is where you create and modify Selenese commands.
• After playback, each step is color-coded.

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 Selenium IDE Editor
Source View
• It displays the steps in HTML (default) format.
• It also allows you to edit your script just like in the
Table View.

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 Using Selenium IDE

Launch Selenium IDE.

Drag the bar in “Speed Control” to “slow”.
Click on red button to start recording.
Open a web page in the firefox browser. (e.g. google.com)
Type some query in the “google” page.

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 Using Selenium IDE

Click on red button to stop recording.

Click on File menu->Save Test Case
The table pane looks like

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 Using Selenium IDE

Click on the ‘Play current test case’ button.

This will automatically open Google.com, type in ‘automated
testing’ into the query field, and display the search results.

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 Using Selenium IDE

If you take a closer look at the two commands in the

Table pane, you’ll see that you can not only change the
command, but also alter the values associated with it.
For example, the first command is ‘open’. You can change
this to anything else – Selenium IDE offers a huge list of
built-in commands. You can also change the ‘Target’ URL
to anything that you like.

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 Using Selenium IDE

The next command is ‘type’. This basically instructs Selenium

to type-in the desired query into the search bar.
You can change the query to anything you want by changing
the ‘value’.

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 Using Selenium IDE

For example, if you change it to ‘red and orange widgets’,

Selenium IDE will automatically query ‘red and orange
widgets’ into Google.

This is one of the most basic examples of what Selenium IDE

can do. By combining different commands, you can make the
IDE run complex tasks and test for bugs automatically.

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu

Besides the Selenium IDE window, the plugin also installs a

contextual menu into Firefox that can be accessed by pressing
the right mouse button.
Let’s see an example of how it works:

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu

Like the previous example, create a new test case and hit
‘record’. Then go to Google.com, type in a query (‘automated
testing’) and wait for the search results page to load.
After the results page opens, right click on the main search field
on Google. A contextual menu will pop up with a list of actions
you can perform.

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu
Contd….

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu
contd….

At the bottom of the menu, you’ll see a ‘verifyValue’ option. If you

select this option, Selenium will make sure that there is always a
value present in the search bar – a simple test.

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu
contd….
You can also see a list of all available commands on the same
menu. This will give you a huge list of commands to choose from
like ‘verifyTitle’, ‘verifyValue’, ‘open’, ‘storeTitle’, etc.

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 Using Selenium IDE Contextual Menu
contd….
Using these different options, you can create automated tests to
check different elements in a web app.
For this example, if you stop the recording and play back the
test, Selenium IDE will first open Google.com, type in the
desired query, and finally, verify that the query has been entered
into the search bar.

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 Selenium Remote
Control (RC)

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 Selenium RC Components
The Selenium Server
which launches and kills browsers, interprets and
runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program,
and
• acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP
messages passed between the browser and the AUT.

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 Selenium RC Components

Client libraries
which provide the interface between
• each programming language and
• the Selenium RC Server.

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 Selenium RC Architecture

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 Selenium RC Architecture

The client libraries communicate with the Server passing

each Selenium command for execution.
Then the server passes the Selenium command to the
browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands.
The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the
Selenium command.
This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified
in your test script.

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 Selenium Server

Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test

program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the
results of running those tests.
The RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects
it into the browser.
This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a
client library API function).

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 Selenium Server

Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of

JavaScript functions
which interprets and executes Selenese commands
using the browser's built-in JavaScript interpreter.
The Server receives the Selenese commands from your test
program
using simple HTTP GET/POST requests.
This means you can use any programming language that can
send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.

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 Client Libraries

The client libraries provide the programming support that

allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your
own design.
There is a different client library for each supported language.
A Selenium client library provides
a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions,
which run Selenium commands from your own program.

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 Client Libraries

Within each interface, there is a programming function that

supports each Selenese command.
The client library
takes a Selenese command and
passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a
specific action or test against the application under test (AUT).

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 Client Libraries

The client library also

receives the result of that command and
passes it back to your program.
Your program can
receive the result and
store it into a program variable and
report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective
action if it was an unexpected error.

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 Installation steps for Selenium RC
The pre-requisites to install RC are to have Java 1.5 or above version and Eclipse
IDE installed in your machine.
1. You can download and install Java URL from the following
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
2. You can download and install Eclipse from the following
URL:http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/technology/epp/
downloads/release/helios/R/eclipse-jee-helios-win32.zip
3. Extract the Zip Folder and run the eclipse.exe File. There is no separate
installation required rather than running the .Exe file.
4. Now go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and click on Download
under Selenium Server section

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 Installation steps for Selenium RC

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 Installation steps for Selenium RC
5. Click download link under selenium Client drivers for your desired language.
(e.g. To download Selenium Java client drivers, click on Download link for
Java)

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 Installation steps for Selenium RC

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 Installation steps for Selenium RC
6. Extract the Client drivers into to your Local disk.
7. Open Eclipse IDE.
8. Create a New Project (Right Click on Project
Explore-->New-->select Java Project-->Give the name and click on
Finish.
9. Right click on the Project-->Build Path-->Configure Build Path-->
Libraries tab-->Add External Jars.
10. Add the following list of jars to the libraries and Click on Ok to
complete the setup.
Selenium-server-standalone-2.14.0
Selenium-java-2.14.0
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Selenium-java-2.14.0-srcs
Configuring TestNG Framework to Selenium
RC
1. Go to http://testng.org/doc/download.html and download the latest version of
TestNG.
2. Extract the zip file to your local disk
3. Go to Eclipse and add the testng-6.3.1.jar file to the external jar files as
above.
4. Now go to Help Menu and click on Install New Software
5. Click on Add button.
6. Give the Name as TestNG (you can give any name, but we prefer TestNG)
7. In the location provide the following URL and click on OK
http://beust.com/eclipse (For Eclipse 3.4 and
above) http://beust.com/eclipse1 (For Eclipse 3.3 and below)
8. Now Check the checkbox TestNG and click on Next to install the TestNG
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 Steps to Run Selenium Server

Before starting the execution of your scripts on selenium

RC we have to start the selenium server. Following are the
steps to start your server.
1. Open command prompt.
2. Type cmd.
3. Go to the location where your
selenium-standalone-server2.14.0.jar resided.
4. Type the following command at command prompt to start
the server.
java –jar selenium-standalone-server-2.14.0.jar
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Creating a Batch File for Selenium server

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 Implementation of Selenium RC

1. Create a new project as Selenium RC in eclipse.

2. Right click on src New class give name as rcdemo and
package name as pack.
3. Write the code.

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Implementation of Selenium RC contd….

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Implementation of Selenium RC contd….
package pack;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.Selenium;
public class rcdemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, "*googlechrome",
"http://www.nitrkl.ac.in");
Selenium selenium1 = new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, "*googlechrome",
"http://www.gmail.com");
selenium.start();
selenium.open("/");
selenium.windowMaximize();
selenium1.start();
selenium1.open("/");
selenium1.windowMaximize();
}
}
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Implementation of Selenium RC contd….
Then both the given websites will open.

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Implementation of Selenium RC contd….

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 Selenium Webdriver

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 Introduction

Selenium WebDriver fits in the same role as RC did, and has

incorporated the original 1.x bindings.
It refers to both the language bindings and the implementations
of the individual browser controlling code.
This is commonly referred to as just "WebDriver" or
sometimes as Selenium 2.
Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0

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 Introduction

Selenium-WebDriver was developed to better support dynamic

web pages where elements of a page may change without the
page itself being reloaded.
WebDriver’s goal is to supply a well-designed object-oriented
API that provides improved support for modern advanced
web-app testing problems.
Selenium-WebDriver makes direct calls to the browser using
each browser's native support for automation.

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 Introduction

WebDriver is a tool for automating web application testing,

and in particular to verify that they work as expected.
It aims to provide a friendly API that's easy to explore and
understand, easier to use than the Selenium-RC (1.0) API,
which will help to make your tests easier to read and maintain.
It's not tied to any particular test framework, so it can be used
equally well in a unit testing or from a plain old “main”
method.

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 Installation of Selenium
WebDriver
Step 1 - Install Java on your computer
Download and install the Java Software Development
Kit (JDK).

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 Installation of Selenium
WebDriver contd….
Next –

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 Installation of Selenium
WebDriver contd….
This JDK version comes bundled with Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) so you do not need to download and
install the JRE separately.
Step 2 - Install Eclipse IDE
Download "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers" . Be sure
to choose correctly between Windows 32 Bit and 64 Bit
versions.

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 Installation of Selenium
WebDriver contd….
You should be able to download a ZIP file named
"eclipse-java-juno-SR1-win32-x86_64.zip" (the version
number “SR1” may change over time).

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 Installation of Selenium
WebDriver contd….
Inside that ZIP file, there is an "eclipse" folder which
contains all the application files. You can extract the
"eclipse" folder anywhere you want in your PC; but for
this tutorial, extract it to your C drive.

Unlike other popular software, no installation is required

to use eclipse.
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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….

Step 3 - Download the Selenium Java Client Driver from

http://www.seleniumhq.org/download/
You will find client drivers for other languages there, but
only choose the one for Java.

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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….
This download comes as a ZIP file named "selenium-2.25.0.zip".
For simplicity, extract the contents of this ZIP file on your C drive so that
you would have the directory “C:\selenium-2.25.0\”.
This directory contains all the JAR files that we would later import on
Eclipse.
Step 4 - Configure Eclipse IDE with WebDriver
1. Launch the “eclipse.exe” file inside the “eclipse” folder that we extracted in
Step 2.
2. If you followed Step 2 correctly, the executable should be located on
C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe.
3. When asked to select for a workspace, just accept the default location.
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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….

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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….
4. Create a new project through File > New > Java Project.
5. Name the project as “myproject”.
6. Right-click on the newly created project and select New > Package.
7. Name that package as "mypackage".
8. Create a new Java class under mypackage by right-clicking on it and then
selecting New > Class, and then name it as "myclass".
9. Your Eclipse IDE should look like the image below.

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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….

10. Right-click on myproject and select Properties.

11. On the Properties dialog, click on “Java Build Path”.
12. Click on the Libraries tab, and then click “Add External
JARs..”
13. Navigate to C:\selenium-2.25.0\ (or any other location where
you saved the extracted contents of “selenium-2.25.0.zip” in
Step 3).
14. Add all the JAR files inside and outside the “libs” folder.
15. Your Properties dialog should now look similar to the image
below.
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 Installation of Selenium WebDriver
contd….

16. Finally, click OK and we are done importing Selenium

libraries into our project.
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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver

Open Eclipse.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Go to new->JAVA project.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Create a new project.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

New project will be created.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Create new java class.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….
Enter java class name and package name and then
click finish.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Now we have to add different library files for our

project. For adding different library files the step are
Right click on project build path configure bulid
path

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Then click on libraries and add external jar files.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Select all the associated jar files and click open.

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 Implementation of Selenium
Webdriver contd….

Then click on OK

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Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….
Now write the code for execution and run it.

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 Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….

package org.openqa.selenium.example;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

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 Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….

public class Selenium2Example{

public static void main(String[] args){
// Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
// Notice that the remainder of the code relies on the interface,
// not the implementation.
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
// And now use this to visit Google
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
// Alternatively the same thing can be done like this
// driver.navigate().to("http://www.google.com");
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 Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….
// Find the text input element by its name
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
// Enter something to search for
element.sendKeys("Cheese!");
// Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the
element
element.submit();
// Check the title of the page
System.out.println("Page title is: "+driver.getTitle());
// Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript.

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 Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….
// Wait for the page to load, timeout after 10 seconds
(new WebDriverWait(driver,10)).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>(){
public Boolean apply(WebDriver d){
return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese!");
}
});
// Should see: “cheese! - Google Search”
System.out.println(“Page title is: “+driver.getTitle());
//Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}

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 Implementation of Selenium Webdriver
contd….

Browser will be opened automatically after the

execution of code which is written in eclipse :

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 Thank You

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