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Al - Quds University Faculty of Engineering Department of Materials Introduction To Materials Lab (0703203) Experiment #5: Preparation of Metallic

This document describes an experiment to prepare metallic specimens for microscopic examination. The objectives are to study and examine microstructure, train on microscope use, and understand specimen preparation importance. The procedure involves grinding, polishing, etching, and examining aluminum, steel, iron, and brass alloy specimens under an optical microscope. Observations of grain shape, size and boundaries before and after etching are recorded. The conclusions are that microscopic examination can determine material defects and properties, and etching reveals grain structure relationships to properties.

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56 views5 pages

Al - Quds University Faculty of Engineering Department of Materials Introduction To Materials Lab (0703203) Experiment #5: Preparation of Metallic

This document describes an experiment to prepare metallic specimens for microscopic examination. The objectives are to study and examine microstructure, train on microscope use, and understand specimen preparation importance. The procedure involves grinding, polishing, etching, and examining aluminum, steel, iron, and brass alloy specimens under an optical microscope. Observations of grain shape, size and boundaries before and after etching are recorded. The conclusions are that microscopic examination can determine material defects and properties, and etching reveals grain structure relationships to properties.

Uploaded by

NOOR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AL_QUDS UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Materials

Introduction to Materials Lab (0703203)

Experiment #5: PREPARATION OF METALLIC


.SPECIMENS FOR

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

Student name: Amani Issa.

Student ID: 21911113.

DR. Ahmad Ismael Jabareen.

Section: Tuesday (8-11).


Objectives:

1. To study and examine the microstructure of a metallic sample.


2. Training on using optical microscope.
3. Understanding the importance of specimen preparation.

Introduction:

The microstructure is the structure of the visible matter at a very small scale
whose dimensions are only visible with a microscope whose magnification is
more than 25 times.

The microstructure of different materials (such as metals) affects the physical


properties such as strength, toughness, ductility, and corrosion resistance, in
addition to knowing their susceptibility to different temperatures. These
properties ultimately influence the choice of application of the material in
question at the industrial level.

Microstructures smaller than the limit that light microscopes can show are
usually called nanostructures, while structures that show the arrangement of
atoms are called crystalline structures. Biological samples whose structures are
visible under a microscope are usually called a superstructure.

A crystal or crystal in chemistry, metallurgy and materials science is a solid


body in which particles composed of atoms, molecules, or ions (ions) are lined
up in a regular order and in a repeating pattern that extends into a three-
dimensional space. You can visualize a large crystal consisting of symmetric
small crystal cells stacked next to each other. The process by which crystals are
formed is called crystallization, and the science that studies the properties and
shapes of crystals is called crystallography. The crystal is a homogeneous solid
body with a repeated three-dimensional atomic chain, and an organized internal
structure, bordered by flat surfaces formed by natural factors under appropriate
conditions, and each surface is called a crystal face.

Among the usual crystalline materials we find table salt, sugar, minerals, ice
particles, and metals such as iron, copper, silver, and others. Among crystals,
what is cubic in shape (and belongs to the cubic crystal system) and what is
rectangular in shape (and belongs to the quadruple crystal system) and others.
The science that studies the properties and shapes of crystals is called
crystallography.
Materials and chemical:

1. Cylindrical specimens of different metallic alloys:


- Steel alloy, iron alloy.
- Brass- copper alloy.
- Aluminum alloy.
2. Rubbing compound (soap).
3. Etching solution.
4. Alcohol solution.
5. H₂SO₄

Equipment:

- Optical microscope.
- Computer.
- Grinding & polishing machine.
- SiC paper of different grades.
- Polishing cloth.
- Hot air gun.

Procedure:

1) Start grinding the surface of the given metal specimen with 320 grit sand
paper attached at the grinding wheel with continuous flowing of water.
2) Continue the grinding process using sand papers of higher grit numbers.
3) Polish the specimen using the polishing cloth attached at the polishing wheel
by using the rubbing compound until the surface become shiny as a mirror.
4) Wash the specimen with water.
5) Clean the specimen polished surface with ethanol and dry it with hot air gun.
6) Use a proper etchant to etch the polished surface of the specimen until the
surface becomes dull.
7) Rinse with water then with alcohol and dry the specimen with hot air gun.
8) Set the specimen under the microscope to observe the surface finish.
9) Set the microscope to the appropriate magnification and light to observe the
specimen.
Discussion:

Cutting process:

we used water during the cutting process so that the heat does not change the
properties of the material, as the water works on cooling and maintains the heat.

Polishing process:

To obtain a mirror surface, cleen the piece by soap and water with mashine

Grinding process:

We used water during the process until cool the piece because this process
increases the temperature of the piece and therefore change its chemical
properties and we want to remain the same.

Etching process:

Put the piece in acidic solution until we separate grain and grain boundary.
Then put the piece in the anaston so as not to interaot with the air and do not
occur other interactions And hair dryer to dry the piece.

Conclusions:

Microscopic examinations could satisfy many purposes and one of the key
persistence of it in materials engineering is examining defects in materials.
Defects in a material determines important properties and performing
microstructure examinations helps to develop relations between the
microstructure of the material and its properties. Defects and imperfections are
crucial factors and there are many types of defects. The material defect this
particular experiment will focus on is an area defect, which is called grain
boundary defect. It is an interfacial defect where there is boundaries
separating different crystallographic orientations in polycrystalline materials.
The purpose of the experiment was to inspect the microstructure, the shape and
size of the grains for different samples. The experiment was performed with
optical microscope which is not as precise as electronic microscopes but are
very easy to use and the results can be achieved much faster.
Result:
material Before etching After etching
AL

Fe

brass

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