Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 98

1st International Conference Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga:

Implementation of Climate Change Agreement to Meet Sustainable Development Goals (ICPSUAS 2017)

Librarian: Analysis Factors of Career

Development
Dimas Agung Trisliatanto Koko Srimulyo
Master Program Study of Human Resource Lecturer of Library and Information Science
Development Department
Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga Faculty of Social Science and Political Science
Campus B. Jl. Airlangga No. 4-6 Surabaya, Universitas Airlangga
Indonesia Campus B. Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam, Gubeng –
e-mail : [email protected] Surabaya, Indonesia
e-mail : [email protected]

Helmy Prasetyo Yuwinanto

Lecturer of Library and Information Science Mirza Dewi Suntari
Department Master Program Study of Human Resource
Faculty of Social Science and Political Science Development
Universitas Airlangga Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga
Campus B. Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam, Gubeng – Campus B. Jl. Airlangga No. 4-6 Surabaya,
Surabaya, Indonesia Indonesia
e-mail : [email protected] e-mail : [email protected]

Lastika Kusumawardhani
Master Program Study of Human Resource Development
Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga
Campus B. Jl. Airlangga No. 4-6 Surabaya, Indonesia
e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract — The globalisation era of the Introduction

ASEAN Economic Community has demanded Campus libraries are one of the technical
changes from the Library of Airlangga units in a University with the main task of
University in every sector, not only in the managing scientific information effectively and
management system but also in relation to efficiently to support the implementation of tri
competency in the librarian’s career path. dharma in university. In Law Number 20 2003
According to law number 24 2014 about the regarding the National Education System, in
implementation of law number 43 2007, clause 55 it states that one of the requirements
section 33 subsection 1 explains that librarians for organising a new university is that it must
have the lowest academic qualifications. In have a library. Most librarians have no
law 38 section 1, it explains that librarians background in relation to the library. They are
must have the capabilities of agility and in the library because they can’t get another job,
skilfulness in the sector of the Library. The even though on average they have no other
purpose of this research is to describe and educational background than in the library field
analyse the career development factors for a [1].
librarian. The results of the research describe
that a librarian’s career can be identified from Based on the data about the level of
many analysis factors such as the motivation education in librarians, those with a Bachelor’s
factor, human capital factor, and the degree amounted to 1,537 people (50.61%) and
functional position of the librarian factor. those with a Master’s degree amounted to 227
people (9.21%) out of the 3,037 librarians that
Keywords: Career; Career Development; exist in Indonesia. Based on the data, librarians
Librarian; Librarian Career; Career Factors should be considered as having competence in
the library field [2]. Likewise, for the librarians
and technical personnel in the library of

Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 224

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 98

Airlangga University according to their level of Master’s degree totalled 5 people (6%) and
education, those with a licensed Bachelor’s those with a certified Doctoral degree included1
degree totalled 32 people (43%), those with a person out of 74 librarians.

Participants
Achievement
Date Type of Training Functional Honorary
Results
Librarian Librarian
January 28th, 2015 1. Creating good communication between librarians √ Good
and readers
2. Information sharing : KPDI 7 (Indonesian Digital
Library Conference 7)
February 25th, 2015 1. Plagiarism using TURNITIN software √ Good
2. Sharing Informasi : Seminar Online Computer
Library Center (OCLC) Seminar “The Importance
of Union Catalog Among Libraries Towards The
WorldCat” – Brawijaya University
March 25th, 2015 1. Bibliotherapy : The future alternative role of √ Good
librarian
2. Information sharing : Pleased librarian tips in work
April 28th, 2015 “Story Telling” Workshop only for librarian √ Good
June 17th, 2015 Communication With Heart √ Good
August 21st, 2015 Freedom in literacy √ Good
September 14th, 2015 The development of college’s library in MEA era √ Good
January 7th, 2016 RFID Training √ √ Good
January 8th, 2016 Publication technique in international journals √ √ Good
January 11th – 12th, Training of student centre integration system for √ √ Good
2016 Information Science and Library student - Faculty of
Social and Political Sciences Airlangga University
January 27th, 2016 EZ Proxy Socialization √ √ Good
January 28th, 2016 Research assessment socialization for librarians and √ √ Good
honorary officers 2016
January 29th, 2016 Reference Manager : Microsoft Word and Endnote √ √ Good
February 4th, 2016 Proposal research for study √ √ Good
February 5th, 2016 Training of Trainer √ √ Good
April 1st, 2016 Upload through Eprint √ √ Good
April 4th, 2016 Familiar With Google Scholar
Table 1: Research and Development Department of Airlangga University’s Library 2016 : Human Resource Training Report of
Librarian of Airlangga University 2015-2016

The effort to improve the table above expectations. The decreasing performance as
shows that it is strongly influenced by the mentioned above is due to the low value of the
amount of education and training in the librarian’s activities as listed in the Functional
librarianship field. The future challenge for Position of Librarian and The Credit Score,
librarians is how to improve their career in the which is considered to be unsatisfactory for the
free market era, especially those related to librarian [5].
products and service information [3]. Moreover,
the condition of librarians in Indonesia, Methods
especially in Airlangga University’s Library, is The researchers used qualitative methods,
still quite worrying. as the research study intends to understand the
phenomenon about the research study’s subject
This condition can be seen from the lack of experience holistically and descriptively in the
appreciation or reward for outstanding form of words and language in a specific
librarians, as well as the lack of institutional or context by utilising various scientific methods
governmental attention to librarian welfare [6]. The research location is Airlangga
benefits, especially librarians who work as non- University’s Library. The sampling technique
civil servants. The librarian’s work used was purposive sampling, in which the
performance, especially civil servant librarians sample determination technique gave certain
who occupy the librarian functional position, consideration to characteristic features like the
both for front office and back office, is still far personality of the informants as the key subject
from satisfactory [4]. [7]. The informants of this research are 20
librarians determined through a focused group
The satisfaction of and qualified services discussion to dig through the information and
available for a reader is still far from data.

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 98

educated of librarian, the way of

The data collection techniques used in this promotion is more preciseless to the
research were the interview technique, target. Study and career two different
observation technique, documentation things......." (Informant 17).
technique, literature study, and a focused group
discussion. The data processing techniques used The affected factors of employee career
were: (1) Reading and annotating data; (2) development are: (1) Work Achievement; (2)
Categorising the data; (3) Splitting and slicing; Opportunity to grow; (3) Loyalty to the
(4) Linking and connecting; (5) Corroborating organisation; (4) Mentors and sponsors; (5)
evidence; (6) Producing something to look for. Support from bosses and colleagues [11]. There
The data analysis techniques used involved are four characteristics of career effectiveness
reducing the data, presenting the data, criteria that always appear, which are: (1) Salary
summarising the data, and testing the credibility and position achievement; (2) Career attitude;
of the data to see if they complement each other. (3) Career adaptability; (4) Career identity [12].

Results and Discussion Role, Function, and Librarian Standard

Career Development Aims, Influencing Competency
Factors, and Characteristics A librarian is a person who carries out
Career development is an ongoing process library-based activities by providing services to
for an individual through a series of levels in the community in accordance with the task of
which each level has an unique characteristic to the principal institution based on the knowledge,
do with either the main subject or a given task documentation and information that they have
[8]. Meanwhile, career development is a set of through education [13]. A referral librarian has
individual improvement capabilities process that four functions which are still used as the core
they achieved in order to achieve a desirable information services as follows: (1) The first
career which aimed at adjusting between the function is to instruct users in how to use the
needs and goals of employees with career libraries; (2) The second function is to answer a
opportunities which available in companies library user's requests or questions; (3) The third
nowadays and in the future [9]. function of a librarian is to help the users’
choose information sources; (4) The forth
The career development goals aim to: (1) function of librarians is to be able to promote
Reducing turn over and staffing costs; (2) the libraries to its user’s community [14]. The
Running an analysis on all employees; (3) Show following are:
the employee welfare relationship; (4) Reduce
potential managerial obsolescence; (5) Helping "....I needs to improve my career have to
employees to realise their talents and abilities; increase my knowledge and improve the
(6) Proving their social responsibility; (7) service for users....." (Informant 2).
Helping in relation to both the individual’s and
the company’s goals and achievements; (8) "... the trainings I followed were very
Strengthen the relationship between employees useful when I applied to our library...."
and companies; (9) Help to strengthen the (Informant 12).
implementation of corporate programs; (10) To
invigorate the long distance point of view [10]. The competence of librarians include: (1)
The following are: Research methodology knowledge; (2) General
knowledge about information resources; (3)
"...by improving the competencies that I Profound knowledge about a specific subject;
have, I will make It easier for me to do the (4) Understand about technical services
job obviously and improve my career..... " including cataloguing and procurement; (5)
(Informant 1). Knowledge of one or more online search
systems; (6) Teaching ability; (7) Expertise in
"... I was working and developing management; (8) Speaking skills; (9)
librarianship in the university environment Consultancy skills; (10) Sensitivity; (11)
that has had a better impact for the Dynamism in groups [15].
academic community for 22 years….."
(Informant 15). SWOT Analysis of Librarian Career
Development
"Promotion is not related to career, but It There are weaknesses that are still
is an activity that must be done. With an prominent, especially in the management of a

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 98

librarian’s career development in the Airlangga example, by getting a promotion, doing an

University’s Library. The process of recruitment assessment, doing scientific research and
places more emphasis on bureaucratic aspects bettering the resources. The following are:
rather than the suitability of their educational
background and ability, and eventually their "Career are strategic and political
career development is not based on the needs of position and there is also a term of
the organisation. The career development does position, while a career associated with
not consider the needs of each individual within formal education will have an impact on
the unit of the Airlangga University’s Library the group......" (Informant 9).
department.
"... in principle, all the training is not in
There are several opportunities that can be vain because all back to each person to
used as a foothold in policy-making to do with process It into something useful and can be
librarian career development, where developed". (Informant 13)
opportunities can be developed including Related to the development of th librarian
cooperation with institutions to improve the career, in this study we have compiled many
qualifications of the workforce based on factors as follows: (1) Motivation affects the
educational background and certification [4]. career development of librarians; (2) Human
The following are: capital affects the career development of
"... focus on improving career not only to librarians; (3) The functional position of the
gift or profit or benefit but more to self- librarian affects the career development of
awareness. In principle, increase career librarians. The following are:
librarian level is not only because
something but also to desire theirselves to "...I feel so lacking in the field of
give best...." (Informant 3). librarianship so from that, I continue to
learn new things to develop my knowledge
"This formal education is the basic for about librarianship......" (Informant 4).
developing operational activities in the
library....." (Informant 11). "Libraries are growing rapidly in here and
many new things needs to be learned...."
"I studied Master program study was not (Informant 5).
to pursue a career but to deeping my
knowledge because my basic education is "…..from my working experiences, I
not from library education....." (Informant become know everything...." (Informant
10). 16).

Based on the results from the analysis of

By looking at the strengths, weaknesses, the focus group discussion, the statement that
opportunities and threats in relation to a can be drawn on the most was that functional
librarian’s career development, the strategic position has an effect on career development.
steps that need to be improved for the Career development for librarians has stages,
management of librarians includes: (1) and these stages are passed in the form of
Preparation of an educational curriculum and functional positions which are assessed by
training for librarians; (2) Implementation of achievements and work competence. The results
education and training for librarians; (3) of the analysis focused on the motivation
Determination of a librarian’s standard factors, human capital factors, and librarian
competence; (4) Compile guidelines for the functional factors. The following are:
formation of librarian positions; (5)
Development of information systems for the "... flattery is not a guarantee to improve
librarian position; (6) Facilitate the preparation careers......" (Informant 6).
and stipulation of professional ethics for
librarians [16]. ".....a gift or reward will come by Itself if I
do well…." (Informant 7).
Librarian Career Development Factors
Career development is the process of "......career is not due to flattery and
enhancing the individuals’ working capabilities appreciation gained because of
in order for them to achieve their desired career competence....." (Informant 8).
[17]. A librarian’s career development can be
achieved by doing many different things, for

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 98

Motivation Factor Analysis information at their workplaces (library),

The motivation can be from within a processing information and library collections to
person known by the term ‘internal motivation’ facilitate the library users, library promotion,
or ‘intrinsic motivation’. It can also be sourced documentation and information. This is in
from outside the person which is known by the accordance with the Decree from the Minister of
term ‘external motivation’ [18]. Librarians at Administrative Reform No.
the Airlangga University’s Library mobilise 132/KEP/M.PAN/12/2002 which consists of
their abilities in the form of expertise and time Skilled Librarians and Expert Level Librarians
skills to organise various activities which [20]. The followings are:
become their responsibility. They need to fulfil
their duties, in order to achieve the "The effectiveness career development of
organisation’s targets which have been specified librarians do not mean to be an easy way
(pre-determined). to be taken even undertaken...." (Informant
19).
Human Capital Factor Analysis
Meanwhile, some things are believed to be "The functional position of the librarian
able to develop a career in terms of human has been setting forth in the Act ......"
capital. Among others, this includes: (1) (Informant 20)
Experience; (2) Education; (3) Training [19].
Human capital is developed in the form of Conclusion
competence such as skills (skills), knowledge Based on the results of the data analysis
(knowledge) and attitude (attitude) which are through focus group discussion related to the
needed in order to accomplish the job well. analysis of career development factors for
Librarians at Airlangga University’s Library librarians at Airlangga University’s Library,
have often effectuated librarian training since there is the conclusion that the career of a
the change in leadership of Airlangga librarian from employment side is not only seen
University’s Library Chief. Less than 60% of as something like utilising someone, but it is
the librarians at Airlangga University’s Library more like an effort in dealing with employment
have never received any training in issues in relation to the service of information
librarianship. needs with various factors such as motivation,
human capital, and functional position.
The majority of librarians recognise the
importance of training for their career Professionalism in librarian career
development. The following are: development is a form of combining ability with
responsibility, and having a supportive capacity
"…....to improve the professional quality. in enhancing social relationships and personal
In addition to formal education, there is relationships by librarians. This is where a cycle
also non-formal education. Guidance adapts in this changing information era through
through non-formal education is an effort planning, adjustment, stabilisation,
to improve the quality of librarians development, and related evaluations for the
together, and can be done through training librarian’s career path.
and development, upgrading, symposium,
workshops, courses, on the job training, Acknowledgment
comparative studies and etc......." The researchers express their gratitude to
(Informant 14). God and thank the parties involved in this
research. Thanks go to their beloved family who
"I develop many services and create always encouraged their spirit, the lecturers of
convenience for promotion of users are Airlangga University and th librarians of
meaning for libraries accepted in the Airlangga University in this research who
user’s hearts and increase the knowledge became informants, and their colleagues who
of researching......” (Informant 18). funded the research.
Librarian Functional Factors Analysis
The functional position of the librarian
consists of an expert level librarian and a skilled
level librarian. Librarians at Airlangga
University’s Library develop their career
through organising information and utilising
library collections or other sources of

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