First Year Engineering

Semester – II
(Common to All Branches)

As per the new revised syllabus of Savitribai Phule Pune University

w.e.f. academic year 2015-2016

Ph.D, ME (Structure) BE(Civil)

Head and Professor Civil Department
NDMVPS’S KBT College of Engineering, Gangapur road, Nashik.

M.Tech ( Structure), AMIE, MICI, MISTE, MISSE

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune.

M.Tech (Structural Engineering)

Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune.

Gigatech Publishing House

Igniting Minds
Engineering Mechanics
First Year Engineering (Semester – II)
(Common to All Branches)

As per the new revised syllabus of SPPU w.e.f. academic year 2015-2016

Dr. Kadam Madhav Punjaji, Prof. Dinesh W. Gawatre, Prof. Seham Khaleel.

First Edition : 2018

Published By : Gigatech Publishing House
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Shan Bramha Complex, Pune – 411 002.
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 Preface
This Book ‘Engineering Mechanics’ is intended to be a textbook for students
of First Year Engineering (F.E.) SPPU Pune. In most sciences, one generation
years down what another has built and what one has established another
undoes. In Engineering Mechanics, each generation adds a new story to the old
structure. Keeping this in mind, this book is written to have a better introduction
of the Engineering Mechanics. This book is presented with simple but exact
explanation of subject matter, application of each topic to real life, engineering
problems, large number of illustrative examples followed by well graded exercise.
We have tried to be rigorous and precise in presenting the concepts in very
simple manner. We hope that the students will not only learn some powerful
concepts, but also will develop their ability to understand the concept and apply
it properly to solve engineering problems. We feel that faculty member will also
enjoy reading this book which is enriched with application of each topic.

Acknowledgment
I am grateful to the S.P.P.U. Pune, the examining body, whose ‘Syllabus
Draft’ and Examination Questions have been included in this book for the
purpose of illustration and right direction.
I extend my sincere thanks to Principal, Respected Dr. K.P.Patil Sir,
Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune for his creative suggestions and technical
guidance, and our H.O.D [Department of Civil Engineering] Prof. R.B.Bajare,
Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune for his valuable suggestions.
I am thankful Dr. S.R. Parekar Sir, Head, Department of Civil Engineering,
AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune for his valuable suggestions and guidance.
I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my family members, my teachers,
my colleagues, my student’s for their kind co-operation and valuable guidance
and special thanks to my wife Varsha for her motivation and encouragement to
me every time.
I hope the book; an off-shoot of joint venture will cater all the requirement
of students to crack the nut-shell of the subject. We are also thankful to
Gigatech Publishing House TEAM for their continuous support, hard work and
patience in preparing this book.
Author
Dinesh W.Gawatre
 SYLLABUS

Unit - I : (06 Hrs.)

a) Principle of statics, force systems, resolution and composition of forces. Resultant of concurrent
forces. Moment of a force, Varignon’s theorem, resultant of parallel force system. Couple,
Equivalent force couple system.
b) Resultant of general force system. Distributed forces. Centroid of plane lamina and wire bends.

Unit - II : (07 Hrs.)

a) Kinematics : Basic concepts, equations of motion for constant acceleration and motion under
gravity. Variable acceleration and motion curves. Relative motion and dependant motion.
b) Kinetics : Newton’s second law of motion and its application.

Unit – lll : (07 Hrs.)

a) Kinematics : basic concepts, equation of motion in Cartesian co-ordinates. Path and polar co-
ordinates. Motion of projectiles.
b) Kinetics : Newton’s second law of motion in Cartesian and Path co-ordinates for curvilinear
motion of a particle.

Unit – IV : (06 Hrs.)

a) Work, power, energy, conservative and non-conservative forces. Conservation of energy and
work energy principle for motion of particle.
b) Impulse, momentum, directs central impact and coefficient of restitution. Conservation of
momentum and Impulse momentum principle of particle.

Unit - V : (07 Hrs.)

a) Free body diagram, equilibrium of concurrent, parallel and general forces in a plane. Equilibrium
of three forces in a plane. Types of beams : simple and compound beams, type of supports and
reaction.
b) Resultant of concurrent and parallel forces in a space. Equilibrium of concurrent and parallel
forces in a Space.

Unit - VI : (07 Hrs.)

a) Two force members : analysis of plane trusses by method of joint and method of section, cables
subjected to point loads. Multi force member : plane frames.
b) Friction : Law’s of friction, application of friction on inclined plane. Wedges and ladders
friction, application to flat belt.
 Recommended by SPPU Text Books and Reference Books
Text Books :
1. Vector Mechanics for Engineers by Beer & Johnston -- Mc Graw Hill
2. Engg. Mechanics : S. Timoscnko, Dtp. Young and J.V.Rao, - Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt Ltd. New
Delhi.
3. Engg. Mechanics by Basudeb Bhattacharyya - Oxford University Press,
Reference Books :
1. Engg. Mechanics by I.H. Shames & G.K.M. Rao---Pearson
2. Fundamentals of Engg. Mechanics by S. Rajasekaran & G. Sankarsubramanian :
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. Engg. Mechanics by K. I. Kumar & Veenu Kumar.
Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
4. Engg. Mechanics by Soutas, Little, Inman-----India Edition---Cengage Learning.


 CONTENTS

Unit : I Forces and Force System

Multiple Choice Questions ....................................................... 1.1 – 1.27
Test Your Knowledge ............................................................. T1.1 – T1.2

Unit : II Kinematics and Kinetics

Multiple Choice Questions ....................................................... 2.1 – 2.34
Test Your Knowledge ............................................................. T2.1 – T2.5

Unit : III Curvilinear Motion (Kinematics)

Multiple Choice Questions ....................................................... 3.1 – 3.49
Test Your Knowledge ............................................................. T3.1 – T3.4

Unit : IV Work-Energy Principle

Multiple Choice Questions ....................................................... 4.1 – 4.42
Test Your Knowledge ............................................................. T4.1 – T4.5

Questions for Practice Q.1 – Q.17


 Moment
1. For triangle ABC the side AB represents magnitude of force and altitude of triangle represents
moment arm from moment centre C then moment about C is ____.
(a) Area of triangle ABC (b) ½ area of triangle
(c) 2 area of triangle ABC (d) 3 area of triangle ABC
Ans.: (c)
Explanation :
Moment about R = F  h
1
Area of ABC = Fh
2
2. A vertical force of F acting in second quadrant in –xy plane at (–2, 3) m. If F = 98 N, the
magnitude of moment about origin is
(a) 196 Nm (b) 98 Nm (c) 294 Nm (d) 0 Nm
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Moment = F d
F = 38, d = – 2
me origin = 98  (– 2)
= – 196 N.m
3. A force of 20 N acting through points P (2,1) and Q (1,2), its moment @ 0 (0,0) will be ______.
(a) 28.28N.m (b) 28N.m (c) 14.14N.m (d) -14.14N.m
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Moment @ (0,0) = 20 cos 45  1 + 20 sin 45  2
= 14.14 + 14.14
= 28.28 N.m

4. A force of 200 N acting at A (4, 5) makes an angle 35 with the vertical, its moment about the
origin is ______.
(a) -32.64N.m (b) 950.4N.m (c) 458.88N.m (d) 491.52N.m
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Moment of origin = + 114.72  4 – 163.84  3
= (114.72  4) – (163.84  3)
= – 32.64 N.m

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Engineering Mechanics 1.2 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

5. A force of 50 N acting tangentially to a circle of radius 6 m. Its moment about diametrically

opposite point will be ____.
(a) 150 Nm (b) 600 Nm (c) 60 Nm (d) 300 Nm
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
Moment about B = F  d
= 50  12
= 600 Nm
6. A forces of 10 N each acting along sides of equilateral triangle of side 3 m. The moment of force
system about apex of triangle is ______.
(a) 25.90 Nm (b) m (c) m (d) 12.95 Nm
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
h
tan 60 =  h = 2.59 m
1.5
Moment at C = Fd = 10  2.59
= 25.90 Nm
7. A door of width 1.8 m can rotate if a moment of 20 Nm is applied. The minimum force that can
be applied to open it is ____.
(a) 20 N (b) 1.8 N (c) 11.11 N (d) None of these
Ans.: (c)
Explanation : M = Fd
20 = F  1.8
F = 11.11 N
8. A force of 200 N is acting through points A (2, 3) and B
(2, 1). The moment of force about point O (0, 0) is
(a) 400 Nm (b) 200 Nm
(c) 600 Nm (d) 100 Nm
Ans.: (a)
Explanation : MO = (200  2)
R = 400 Nm
9. Moment of a couple is
(a) Depends upon axis (b) Independent of a point
(c) Depends upon point (d) None of the above.
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
Moment of couple : The moment of a couple is the product of the force and the arm of couple.
M = Fd
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Engineering Mechanics 1.3 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

10. A lever AB = 2 m long is inclined at 35 with horizontal A forces of 180 N is acting at B
vertically downwards. The moment about ‘A’ is
(a) 29.5 Nm (b) 295 Nm (c) 2950 Nm (d) 2.950 Nm
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
Moment about A = F d
= 180  2 cos 35
= 295 Nm
11. An electric pole is supported by a wire which exerts a pull of 700 N on the top of the pole. If the
angle between the wire and the pole is 195with + ve x– axis. What are the horizontal and
vertical components?
(a) 181.17 N, 676.14 N (b) 676.14 N, 181.17 N
(c) 857.31 N, 181.17 N (d) 181.17, 857.31 N
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
F = 700 N
 = 270– 195 = 75
Fx = F cos  = 700  cos 75= 181.17 N
Fy = F sin  = 700  sin 75= 676.14 N
12. If a wooden block of weight W = 97 N placed on a rough surface inclined at an angle  = 35 in
anticlockwise direction with positive x– axis and is at rest, then assuming up the plane forces
positive, the reaction offered by the surface is
(a) 97 N (b) 56 N (c) 80 N (d) 0 N
Ans.: (c)
Explanation :
Normal Reaction = F sin 
= 37  sin 55
= 79.45
 80 N
13. Four forces 18 N, 36 N, 54 N and 72 N are acting along sides AB, BC, CD and DA of a rectangle
ABCD of side (2 3) m. Their resultant forces is 150 N. Calculate position of resultant w.r.t. ‘A’
(a) 1.56 m (b) 15.60 m (c) 156 m (d) 0.156 m
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Use Varignons theorem
R  x = (– 36  2) – (54  3)
150  x = – 72 – 162 150 = – 234
234
x = = 1.56 m
150
14. Two like parallel forces 38 N and 86 N are acting at a distance of 6cm. What is the Resultant and
Position?
(a) 416 N, 1.24 cm from Q (b) 124 N, 4.16 cm from Q
(c) 124 N, 4.16 cm from P (d) 416 N, 1.24 cm from P
Ans.: (c)

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Engineering Mechanics 1.4 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

Explanation :
R = 38 + 86 = 124 N
Use Varignons theorem
R  x = Mp
124 x = 86  6 = 516
x = 4.16 cm
15. A force of magnitude 125 N is directed from point A (2, 3) to B (5, 9). The x and y components
are
(a) –100 N, 75 N (b) 100 N, 75 N (c) 75 N, 100 N (d) 100 N, – 75 N
Ans.: (c)
Explanation :
y2– y1
tan =
x2– x1
7–3 4
= = = 1.34
5–2 3
 = 53.26, F = 125 N
Fx = Fcos , Fx = 125 cos = 75 N
Fy = F sin , Fy = 125 sin = 100 N
16. A force of magnitude 125 N is directed from A(2, 3) to B (– 5, –7). The x and y components are
(a) –83.05 N, 93.41 N (b) – 93.41 N, 83.05 N
(c) 83.05 N, 93.41N (d) 93.41 N, 83.05 N
Ans.: (c)
y2– y1 – 7 – 2 – 9
Explanation : tan = = = = 1.125
x2– x1 –5–3 –8
 = 48.36
Fx = F cos  = 125 cos 48.36= 83.05 N
Fy = F sin  = 125 sin 48.36= 93.41 N
3
17. A force of 20 N is acting along a line having slope . Calculate Resultant.
4
(a) 16 N (b) 20 N (c) 12 N (d) 28 N
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
3
Slope tan  =
4
 = 36.86
Fx = f cos  = 20 cos 36.86 = 16
Fy = f sin  = 20 sin 36.86 = 12
R = 20 N
18. The moment of a force about any point is geometrically equal to ____ area of triangle where base
represents the force and height represents the perpendicular distance.
(a) Half (b) Twice (c) Same (d) thrice
Ans.: (b)
Explanation : MeC = F  d = Fd
1
A (ACB) = AB  CD
2
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Igniting Minds
Engineering Mechanics 1.5 Forces and Force System (MCQs)
1 1
= Fd= Fd
2 2
1
i.e = M
2 c
i.e M e c = 2 A ( ABC)
19. If the arm of couple is doubled, its moment will
(a) Be halved (b) Remains same
(c) Be doubled (d) None of the above
Ans.: (c)
Explanation :
Case – I) M = 10 2 = 20 Nm

Case – II) M = 10 4 = 40 Nm

20. A force of 200 N acting download tangentially to a drum of radius 0.75 m, must be transferred
parallel to itself to its centre 0. The moment which should accompany it for equivalent effect is
(a) 150 Nm (b) – 150 Nm (c) – 75 Nm (d) 75 N.m
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
M = f d
M0 = 200  0.75
= 150 Nm
 Equivalent effect = 150 Nm

Resultant
21. Find the magnitude of two unlike parallel forces P & Q acting at a distance 2m apart. Which is
equivalent to a force of 600 N acting at a distance of 600 mm?
(a) 600 N (b) 360 N (c) 300 N (d) 1 N
Ans.: (b) Explanation :
P = Q=P
 P  1 = 600  0.6
= 360 N
P = 360 N
22. Four forces P = 150 N (East), Q = 200 N (North), R = 200 N (South) and S = 150 N (West) are
acting on member, their resultant is ______.
(a) 0 N (b) 500 N (c) 400 N (d) 300 N
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Fx = 150 – 150=0
Fy = 200 – 200=0
R = (Fx)2 + (Fy)2
= 0

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Engineering Mechanics 1.6 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

23. The centre of gravity of an isosceles triangle with base a and sides b is ____ from its base.
4b2 - a2 4a2 - b2 4b2+a2 4a2+b2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 6 6
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
In PQR = 90
a 2 a2
b2 =   + h2 b2 = + h2
2 4
a2 4b2 - a2
h2 = b2 - h2 =
4 4
4b2 - a2
h =
2
C.G. from bottom h/3
4b2 - a2 4b2 - a2
C.G. = =
23 6
24. Forces of magnitudes 1 N, 2 N, 3 N and 4 N are acting along sides AB, CB, DC and DA of a
rectangle respectively. The magnitude of resultant is
(a) 7.21 N (b) 4 N (c) 6 N (d) 0N
Ans.: (a)
Explanation:
Fx = 1 + 3 = 4 N
R = 42+ (–62)
R = 7.21 N
 Fy = – 2 – 4 = – 6 N
25. If forces of 1N, 2 N, 3 N, 4 N, 5 N and 6 N act at in order along the sides of regular hexagon, then
the resultant is _____.
(a) 0 (b) 6N (c) 12 N (d) 18 N
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
Interior angles = (2n – 4) 90
= (2  6 – 4)  90
= 720
720
Each angle =
6
= 120
Fx = 1 + 2 cos 60 – 3 cos 60 – 4 – 5 cos 60 + 6 cos 60
= –3N
Fy = 2 sin 60 + 3 sin 60 – 5 sin 60 – 6 sin 60
= – 5.19 N
Resultant (R) = Fx2 + Fy2 = (-3)2 + (-5.19)2 = 6 N
26. Three forces 7 N, 14 N and 28 N act along three sides of an equilateral triangle AB, BC and CA.
Side AB being horizontal. The resultant of system is
(a) 18.15 N (b) 31.77 N (c) 23.71 N (d) 71.31 N
Ans.: (a)
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Engineering Mechanics 1.7 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

Explanation :
Fx = 7 – 14 cos 60 – 28 cos 60 = – 14 N
Fy = 14 sin 60 – 28 sin 60
= – 12.12 N
R = (– 14)2+ (– 12.12)2 = 18.51
27. The resultant of two perpendicular forces of magnitude F each will be
(a) 2 P (b) 2P (c) 2 P (d) P
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
2 2
R2 = f1+f2+2f1f2cos
f1 = f2= f
And  = 90
2
R2 = f2+f1+2ffcos90
2
R2 = f1+f2
R2 = 2f2
R = 2f= 2P
28. Two forces act an angle of 130. If the greater force is 60 N and their resultant is perpendicular to
the smaller force, the smaller force is _______.
(a) 0 N (b) 38.57N (c) 300 N (d) 25 N.
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
Fx = P ‒ 60 cos 50= 0
= 38.57 N
 Smaller force = 38.57 N
R = is along 90
 Fy = 0
29. Forces 10 N, 20 N, 30 N and 40 N act along sides of a rectangle. Their resultant force will be
______.
(a) 28.28 N (b) 40 N (c) 100 N (d) 32.32 N
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Fx = 10 – 30 = – 20
Fy = 20 – 40 = – 20
R = (20)2 + (20)2
R = 28.28 N
30. Two parallel forces P1 and P2 act on rigid body at points A and B lying on a straight line such that
AB = 6 m. Resultant of these two forces at a point C lying on AB such that AB = 2 : 3_______.
(a) like parallel forces (b) unlike parallel forces
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) perpendicular forces
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
 Both force P1 and P2 vertical so Resultant also vertical

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Engineering Mechanics 1.8 Forces and Force System (MCQs)

31. Four forces 10N, 20N, 30N and 40N (all tensile) act at a point at angles of 25, 50, 75 and 100
clockwise from +ve X-axis. The sum of components of all forces along axis parallel to X-axis is
(a) 36.64N (b) 87.91N (c) -36.64N (d) -87.91N
Ans.: (a)
Explanation :
Fx = 10 cos25 + 20 cos50 + 30 cos75 + 40 cos80
= 9.07 + 12.86 + 7.76 + 6.95
= 36.64N
32. The guy wire of two vertical electrical pole makes 40 with
horizontal and subjected to 40 kN force. What will be the
horizontal component of force?
As shown in Fig.
(a) 30.64 kN (b) 0kN
(c) 33.56 kN (d) 25.68 kN
Ans.: (b)
Explanation : T = 40 kN
 = 40
Fx = ‒40 cos 40 + 40 cos 40 = 0
33. Three forces 25 N, 50 N and 75 N act along AB, BC and CA respectively along the sides of an
equilateral triangle. AB being horizontal. The resultant of the force system is _____.
(a) 37.50 N (b) 21.66 N (c) 43.30 N (d) 59.16 N
Ans.: (c)
Explanation :
Fx = 0 = ‒ 25 + 50 cos 60 + 75 cos 60
= 37.5 N
Fy = 50 sin 60 – 75 sin 60
= ‒ 21.66 N
R = (37.5)2 + (‒21.66)2
R = 43.30 N
34. The components of force of 200 N in direction inclined to it at 40 and 50 on opposite sides are
____.
(a) 128.55 N and 153.20 N (b) 153.20 N & 125.55 N
(c) ‒128.55 N and ‒153.20 N (d) ‒153.20 N & ‒128.55 N
Ans.: (b)
Explanation :
 = 40 = 50 +  = 40 + 50 = 90
sin  
Fx = F 
sin 50 
= 200 
 sin ( + )   sin90  = 153.20 N
Fy = F   = 200  sin 40  = 125.55 N
sin
 sin ( + )   sin90 
35. Three forces 20 N, 30 N and 40 N act along sides of equilateral triangle taken in order. 20 N force
is acting horizontally towards right. Their resultant is _____.
(a) 20 N (b) 17.32 N (c) 30 N (d) 40 N
Ans.: (b)
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 MCQ's Engineering Mechanics 2nd
Semester Common For All Branch

Author : Dr. Kadam Madhav

Publisher : Gigatech Publishing Punjaji, Prof. Dinesh W.
House Gawatre, Prof. Seham
Khaleel

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