AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLAGY

TRANSFORMERS
GCE A/L

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

www.selflearn.edu.lk
 kpd; epiykhw;wpfs;
11.6

epiykhw;wpfs; (Transformer)

epiykhw;wpfs; vdg;gLtJ RUs;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjpYk; $ba vz;zpf;ifapy;

xd;Wlndhd;W fhe;jg;ghaj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kpd;fhe;j cgfuzkhFk;.
,jd; Kyk; Njitf;F Vw;g Nthy;l; msit> kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij $l;bf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.

epiykhw;wp xd;wpd; mikg;G:

nkd;dpUk;G mfdp Rik

Ip = Kjd;ik kpd;Ndhl;lk;. IS = Jiz kpd;Ndhl;lk;.

Vp = Kjd;ik Nthy;l; msT. VS = Jiz Nthy;l; msT.

Np = Kjd;ik Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if. NS = Jiz Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if

= Kjd;ik kpd;dpaf;f tpir = Jiz kpd;dpaf;f tpir

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
(NkYs;s glj;jpw;fika…)

,q;F Rw;WfSf;F ,ilNa kpd;dpay; uPjpahd vt;tpj njhlu;Gk; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

,r; Rw;whdJ nrg;gpdhy; Md fhtyplg;gl;l flj;jpiaf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLk;.
,r; Rw;Wfs; mluhf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L nkd;ikahd cNyhf mfdpapy; ,U gf;fq;fspYk;
Rw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,q;F Kjd;ik RUSf;F MlNyhl;l toq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;L Jizr; Rw;Wld; Rik
njhlu;GgLj;jg;gLk;.
,q;F Njitahd Nthy;bw;Fk;> kpd;Ndhl;l mstpw;Fk; mika RWs;fspd; Rw;Wf;fspd;
vz;zpf;if> flj;jpfspd; FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;G vd;gd jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;

epiykhw;wp nraw;gLk; jd;ik:

,q;F Kjd;ik RUs;fSf;F MlNyhl;l kpd;Ndhl;lk; xd;iw toq;Ftjd; %yk; mr;
RUspy; Vw;gLk; fhe;jg; ghak; MlNyhl;lkhf khWtJld; mt;thW khWk; fhe;j ghak;
mfdpapD}lhf gha;e;J nrd;W fhe;jr; Rw;iw KOik mila nra;Ak;.
,f; fhe;jg; ghak; kPz;Lk; Kjd;ikr; RUspD}lhf gha;e;J nry;Yk; NghJ fhe;jtpir
NfhLfis ntl;br;; nry;tjdhy; toq;fs; Nthy;l; msTf;F vjpuhd kpd;dpaf;f
tpirnahd;iw J}d;Lfpd;wJ. ,J jd;dpaf;fj; J}z;ly; / Ra J}z;ly; (Self Induction)
vdg;gLk;.
,j; J}z;ly; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; kpd;dpaf;f tpirapd; gUkid guNl> nyd;]pd;
tpjpf;fika gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;bd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

d∅
𝑒𝑝 = −𝑁𝑝
dt

MlNyhl;lkhf khw;wkilAk; fhe;j ghakhdJ mNj mfzpapd; kw;iwa mtaj;jpy;

Rw;wg;gl;Ls;s Jizr;RUspD}lhf ghAk; NghJ fhe;j tpirf; NfhLfs; ntl;lg;gLtjdhy;
mr;RUspYk; kpd;dpaf;f tpir J}z;lg;gLk;.
,q;F MlNyhl;lkhdJ Neuj;jpw;fika khWgLtjdhy; fhe;jg; ghaKk; khw;wkilAk;.
,jdhyNa MlNyhl;l kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij epiykhw;wk; nra;af;$bajhf cs;sJ. vdpDk;
NeNuhl;l kpd;Ndhl;lk; Neuj;Jld; khWglhjjd; fhuzkhf mij epiykhw;wk; nra;a
KbahJ.

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
,t;thW epiykhw;wpapy; xU RUspd; %yk; ,d;DnkhU RUspy; kpd;dpaf;f tpir J}z;ly;
Vw;gLtJ jk;Ks; J}z;ly; /gu];gu J}z;ly; /NghJj; J}z;ly; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
∅
Kjd;ikr; RUspy; J}z;lg;gLk; kpd;dpaf;f tpir - =− (1)
dt

d∅
Jizr;; RUspy; J}z;lg;gLk; kpd;dpaf;f tpir - =− (2)
dt

= (3)

,og;gpd;wpa epiykhw;wp my;yJ RUs;fspdhy; ,og;G Vw;gltpy;iy vdf;fUjp ep = vp

MfTk; es = vs MfTk; fhzg;gLk;.

vdNt> Kjd;ikr; RUSf;F toq;fg;gLk; tY = Jizr; RUSf;F fpilf;fg;ngUk; tY

Pp = Ps (P- tY ; P=VI)

VpIp = VsIs

𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑠
= =
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑝

NkYs;s rkd;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy;>

Jizr; RUspy; mjpf Nthy;l;lsT ngwg;gl Ntz;Lkhapd; Jizr;RUspd; Rw;Wf;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thU Jizr; RUspd; Nthy;l;lsT mjpfupfF
; k;
NghJ Jiz kpd;Ndhl;lk; FiwtilAk;.

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
 gad;ghl;bd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g epiykhw;wpfis tifg;gLj;jy;
01. tY epiykhw;wpfs; - Power Transformers

(I) gb cau; epiykhw;wpfs; - Step up Transformers

(II) gb Fiw epiykhw;wpfs; - Step down transformers

02. jdpahf;fy; epiykhw;wpfs; - Isolation Transformers

03. kpd;Ndhl;l epiykhw;wpfs; - Current Transformers
04. mOj;j epiykhw;wpfs; - Potential Transformers
05. jd;dpaf;f epiykhw;wpfs; - Automatic Transformers

tY epiykhw;wpfs;

,it mjpfsT ghtidapy; fhzg;gLk; epiykhw;wp tiffshFk;.

,jpy; tY ,og;G Vw;gltpy;iy vdf; fUjp cs;sPl;L tY ntspaPl;L tYTf;F rkdhf
Ngzg;gLk;.
,it xNu tYtpy; Njitahd Nthy;l;lsT> kpd;Ndhl;lq;fis CLflj;jp mtw;wpd;
ntt;NtW ngWkhdq;fspy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
,it ,U tifg;gLk;;:

01. gb cau; epiykhw;wpfs; - Step up Transformers:

02. gb Fiw epiykhw;wpfs; - Step down transformers:

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
gb cau; epiykhw;wpfs; - Step up Transformers:

,it nghJthf Nthy;l;lsit mjpfupf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

,j kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaq;fspypUe;J kpfj; njhiytpYs;s ,lq;fSf;F kpd; tY
CLflj;Jk; NghJ Nthy;l;lsit cau;j;Jtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

11KV Step up 132/220KV

Power Station Power Transition
T/F

,t;tif epiykhw;wpfspy; Kjd;ikr; RUs;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwthfTk;> Jizr;

RUs;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfkhfTk; fhzg;gLk;.
vdNt Jizr;RUspy; mjpf Nthy;l;lsT (Kjd;ikr; RUis tpl) fpilf;fg;ngUk;.
epiykhw;wpfspd; tYitf; fzpg;gjw;F gpd;tUk; cz;ik tYtpw;Fupa rkd;ghL
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

cz;ik tY = VI COS 𝜗

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
gb Fiw epiykhw;wpfs; - Step down transformers:

,it nghJthf Nthy;l;lsit Fiwf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jd; Kjd;ikr; RUspd; Nthy;l;lsit tpl Jizr;RUspd; Nthy;l;lsT
Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf Kjd;ikr; RUspd; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia
tpl Jizr; RUspd; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.

,J cau;e;j Nthy;l;lsit (132KV/220KV)Efu;Nthu; epiyak; tiu nfhz;L

nrd;w gpd; gb Fiwg;G epiykhw;wp %yk; Nthy;l;lsit 33KV Mf Fiwj;J ghupa
njhopw;rhiyfSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

NkYk;> Efu;Nthupd; Njitf;Nfw;g 11KV – 400 KV tiuAk; gb Fiwg;G epiykhw;wp

%yk; Nthy;llsT Fiwf;fg;gLk;.

Step down Step down Step down

33KV 11KV 415V 3∅
T/F T/F T/F
230V

1∅

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
jdpahf;fy; epiykhw;wpfs;

ghJfhg;G cgha topKiwnahd;whf jdpahf;fy; epiykhw;wpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,t;tif epiykhw;wpfspy; Kjd;ik> Jizr; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if rkdhf
fhzg;gLk;.
vdNt Kjd;ik> Jiz Nthy;l;lsTfSk; rkdhf fhzg;gLk;.
,q;F Jizr;RUs; gpujhd toq;fspypUe;J njhlu;gw;W ,Ug;gjdhy; kpd;rhu
cgfuznkhd;wpy; ahNjDk; Nkw;gug;gpy; tY xd;W Vw;gLk; NghJ mjid
gad;gLj;JtgUf;F kpd; mjpu;r;rp Vw;glhJ ghJfhg;gNj ,jd; Kf;fpa njhopyhFk;.

gad;ghL:
ijay; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> cNyhf kpd;dOj;jp> ntg;GWj;jp nfhb itg;G cgfuzk;
(soldering Iron)> FspayiwapYs;s kpd;Dgfuzq;fs;

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
kpd;Ndhl;l epiykhw;wpfs;

cau; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij mstpLtjw;F kpdN; dhl;l epiykhw;wpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

gpujhd flj;jpapD}lhf gha;e;J nry;Yk; cau; kpd;Ndhl;lk; tl;l tbt Jis nfhz;l
mfdpapdpy; Rw;wg;gl;Ls;s Jizr;RUspd; %yk; kpd;Ndhl;l mstpil mk;gpau; khdpapdhy;
ngwg;gLk;. gpd;du; Njitahd fzpj;jy;fspd; %yk; gpujhd flj;jpapD}lhf cau;
kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngwg;gLk;.
gpujhd flj;jpapD}lhf cau; kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;e;J nry;Yk; NghJ mjid #oTs;s
mfdpapy; fhe;jg;ghak; Vw;gl;L Jizr;RUs;fs; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Rw;wg;gl;bUg;gjhy;
mjw;Nfw;g kpd;Ndhl;lk; Fiwf;fg;gl;L mk;gpau; khdp %yk; mstplg;gLk;.

Kjd;ikr; RUs;

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
,q;F Kjd;ikr; RUs; vz;zpf;if xd;whfTk; Jizr;RUs;fs; mjpfkhf
fhzg;gLtjhy; gpd;tUk; njhlu;Gf;fika Kjd;ik flj;jpapD}lhd kpd;Ndhl;lk;
mwpag;gLk;. (NkYs;s glj;ij mtjhdpf;f…)

Kjd;ikr; RUs; vz;zpf;if = 1 (vg;nghOJk;)

Jizr; RUs; vz;zpf;if = epiykhw;wpapy; nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

= ; =1

𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠 𝑁𝑠

,q;F ngUk;ghYk; Jizr;RUs; kpd;Ndhl;lk; 5A fpilf;ff;$bathNw Jizr;RUs;fspd;

vz;zpf;if fhzg;gLk;.
,it kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij mstpl kl;Lkd;wp ghJfhg;G mq;ryp> Gydp vDk; tifapYk;
gad;gLk;.
,q;F Jizr;RUspd; (Rw;Wfs;) vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf fhzg;gLtjhy; Jiz
kpd;Ndhl;lk; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.

mOj;j epiykhw;wp

cau; Nthy;l;lsit mstpLtjw;F mOj;j epiykhw;wpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpdw

; d.

13KV, 33KV, 66KV, 132KV, 220KV Nghd;w cau; Nthy;l;lsTfis rhjhuzkhf Nthy;l;
khdpapdhy; mstpl KbahJ.

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
 vdNt> mOj;j epiykhw;wpapD}lhf Jizr;RUspy; Nthy;l; khdp ,izf;fg;gl;L Nthy;l;
msT Fiwf;fg;gLtjpD}lhf Njitahd fzpj;jy;fs; %yk; cau; Nthy;l; msthdJ
ngwg;gLk;.
,q;F cau; Nthy;l; msT toq;fSld; mjpf vz;zpf;if nfhz;l Kjd;ikr; RUs;
njhlu;GgLj;jg;gl;L> Fiwthd vz;zpf;if nfhz;l Jizr; RUspypUe;J Nthy;l;
khdpapd; %yk; Jiz Nthy;l; msT ngwg;gl;L gpd;tUk; njhlu;gpdhy; Kjd;ik Nthy;l;
msT ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

𝑁𝑝
𝑉𝑝 = × 𝑉𝑠
𝑁𝑠

- ,q;F > apw;F ,ilapyhd tpfpjk; epiykhw;wpapy; nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

- apd; ngWkhdk; Nthy;l; khdpapdhy; mstplg;gLk;.

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
 jd;dpaf;f epiykhw;wp

,t;tif epiykhw;wpfspy; Kjd;ik> Jizr; Rw;WfSf;F gjpyhf xUj; jdpr;Rw;W

khj;jpuNk fhzg;gLk;.
KOr;RUSk; Kjd;ikr; RUshfTk;> mr;RUspd; fhl;b epw;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fk;
Rikf;Fkpilapyhf ,izf;fg;gLk; RUs; Rw;Wfs; Jizr;RUshfTk; njhopw;gLk;.
NkYs;s glj;jpd; gb:

Vp - Kjd;ik Nthy;l;lsT
Np - Kjd;ikr; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
Vs - Jiz Nthy;l;lsT
Ns - Jizr; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if

,q;F fhl;b %yk; Jizr; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia khw;Wtjdhy; Jiz

Nthy;l;sit jd;dpaf;fkhf khw;w KbAk;.

gad;ghL:
kpd;tprpwpapd; Ntff; fl;Lg;gLj;jp> xypf;fl;Lg;gLj;jp> xspf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp

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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM
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ENGINEERING TECHNOLAGY TECHNOBOOTH_OFFICIAL TECHNOLOGY STREAM