https://rextester.

com/l/mysql_online_compiler

https://www.jdoodle.com/online-mysql-terminal

Good editor that shows Execution Plan:

http://sqlfiddle.com/#!9/a6c585/1

SQL(Structured Query Language)

DDL(Data Defination
DML(Data Manipulation
Language)
Language) DCL(Data Control Language)
e.g., create, alter, truncate,
e.g., select, insert, update, e.g., grant, revoke
drop, rename(change
delete
column-MySQL)

show databases;

create database d1;

use rextester;

show tables;

create table try1(name varchar(10),no int);

desc try1;

insert into try1 values('ABC',101);

insert into try1 values('XYZ',102);

insert into try1 values('JKL',103);

insert into try1 values('MNO',104);

insert into try1 values('PQR',105);

insert into try1 values('ABCD',101);

insert into try1 values('HIJKL',103);

insert into try1 values('WXYZ',102);

select * from try1;

desc try1;

alter table try1 ADD PRIMARY KEY(no);

alter table try1 modify name varchar(20);

alter table try1 drop no;

alter table try1 add (name varchar(10));

delete from try1;

alter table try1 change column no clientno int(5);

truncate table try1;

update try1 set name='newclient' where clientno<103;

SELECT statement

Comparison operators

=, <>/!=, <, >, <=, >=, like

Wild card characters

%, _

Logical operators

AND, OR, NOT

Joins, group by with aggregate functions, group by with HAVING clause, order by

- Find customer details containing 2nd alphabet ‘X’ in their name.

select * from try1 where name like '_X__';

- Find customer details with name starting from ‘X’.

select * from try1 where name like 'X__';

- Find customer details whose name contains 3rd last character ‘X’.

select * from try1 where name like '%X__';

- Find customer details whose name ends with ‘X’.

select * from try1 where name like '%X';

- Find customer details whose name starts with ‘x’.

select * from try1 where name like 'x%';

- Find customer details with ‘M’ in their name.

select * from try1 where name like '%M%';

- Find customer details whose name ends with ‘M’.

select * from try1 where name like '%M';

- Find customer details whose name contains 1 alphabet after ‘JKL’.

select * from try1 where name like '%JKL_';

- Find customer details whose name contains ‘JKL’ in name.

select * from try1 where name like '%JKL%';

select * from try1 where (name like '%JKL%');

- Find customer details whose does not contain ‘JKL’.

select * from try1 where NOT(name like '%JKL%');

- Find customer details whose clientno is >102.

select * from try1 where not(clientno<102);

- Find customer details whose clientno is >103.

select * from try1 where clientno>103;

- Find customer details whose clientno is >102.

select * from try1 where clientno>103 or not(clientno<102);

- Find customer details whose clientno is >101.

select * from try1 where clientno>103 and not(clientno<101);

sorted orders : Ascending, Descending

select * from try1;

select * from try1 order by clientno;

select * from try1 order by clientno desc;

select * from try1;

select * from try1 order by clientno;

select * from try1 order by clientno, name;

select * from try1 order by clientno desc;

select * from try1 order by clientno asc, name desc;

create table clientdata(clientname varchar(15), clientproject varchar(15), clientbill float(7,2),

no_of_employees int(4), no_of_hours int);

alter table clientdata add(clientid int(4));

ALTER TABLE clientdata ADD PRIMARY KEY(clientid);

create table projectdata(projectid int, projectname varchar(15) references clientdata(clientproject),

duration int);

create table teams(teamid int, technology varchar(15), projectname varchar(15) references

clientdata(clientproject), members int, hours int);

alter table projectdata add primary key (projectname);

alter table clientdata add constraint cons_fk foreign key (clientproject) references
projectdata(projectname);

alter table teams add constraint cons_fk1 foreign key (projectname) references
projectdata(projectname);

desc projectdata;
insert into projectdata values(1001, 'AutocallSOS',260);

insert into projectdata values(1002, 'FastCheck',390);

insert into projectdata values(1003, 'EvenServe',430);

insert into projectdata values(1004, 'SmartAppDev',600);

insert into projectdata values(1005, 'Payease',800);

insert into projectdata values(1006, 'prj5',200);

insert into projectdata values(1007, 'FastCheck1',900);

insert into projectdata values(1008, 'EaseGST',700);

select * from projectdata;

desc teams;

insert into teams values(2001,'.Net', 'SmartAppDev',6,12);

insert into teams values(2002,'Java', 'FastCheck',7,90);

insert into teams values(2003,'PHP', 'Payease',10,12);

insert into teams values(2004,'.Net', 'prj5',6,12);

insert into teams values(2005,'Android', 'EvenServe',7,210);

select * from teams;

desc clientdata;

insert into clientdata values("Client1","EaseGST", 50000,15,70,101);

insert into clientdata values("Client-xyz","EvenServe", 6000,15,70,102);

insert into clientdata values("Client3","AutocallSOS",40000.00,3,100,103);

insert into clientdata values("Client4","EaseGST",7000.00,9,120,104);

insert into clientdata values("Client5","prj5",90000.00,6,144,105);

insert into clientdata values("Client8","prj5",70000.00,6,80,106);

insert into clientdata values("TasteIT","EvenServe",10000.00,7,210,107);

insert into clientdata values("NHAI","FastCheck",98000.00,2,90,108);

insert into clientdata values("NHAI","FastCheck1",80000.00,2,90,109);

insert into clientdata values("Client8","Payease",3000.00,5,12,110);

insert into clientdata values("SmartAppDev","FastCheck1",9000.00,5,12,111);

insert into clientdata values("LearnFast","FastCheck",17000.00,5,12,112);

select * from clientdata;

Group by :

select clientproject, clientbill from clientdata group by clientproject;

select clientproject, sum(clientbill) from clientdata group by clientproject;

select count(no_of_hours) from clientdata;

select count(no_of_hours) from clientdata group by no_of_employees;

select no_of_employees, count(no_of_hours) from clientdata group by no_of_employees;

JOINS :
Set Theory :

Set A = {1,2,A}

Set B = {A, B, 1}

Cartesian Product : 3*3=9

A×B = {(1,A),(1,B),(1,1),

(2,A),(2,B),(2,1),

(A,A),(A,B),(A,1)}

Intersection : A∩B = {1,A} = inner join/natural join/equi join (= operator in query)

A B

Union : AUB = {1,2,A,B,A,1} = Full Outer join / non equality join (< or > or <> operators in query)

A B

Set Difference : Set A = {1,2,A}

Set B = {A, B, 1}

A-B = {2}

A B

B-A = {B}
 A B

LEFT OUTER JOIN : A∩BU(A-B)

A B

RIGHT OUTER JOIN : A∩BU(B-A)

A B

Teams

work
order

Projectdata

Clientdata

Use of Single table:

select projectname,technology from teams where projectname='EvenServe';

Use of two tables without join : (Cartesian Product)

select clientdata.clientname, teams.technology, teams.projectname from clientdata, teams where

teams.projectname='EvenServe';

Use of two tables with join :

select clientdata.clientname, teams.technology, teams.projectname from clientdata, teams where

teams.projectname='EvenServe' and clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname;

select clientdata.clientname, teams.technology, teams.projectname, projectdata.duration from

clientdata, teams, projectdata where teams.projectname='EvenServe' and
clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname and projectdata.projectname=teams.projectname ;

OUTER JOIN

/* MySQL does not support full outer join. It can be emulated using UNION of LEFT and RIGHT OUTER
JOINS */

select clientdata.clientname, teams.projectname from clientdata full [outer] join teams on

clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname;

select clientdata.clientname, teams.projectname from clientdata left outer join teams on

clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname;

select clientdata.clientname, teams.projectname from clientdata right outer join teams on

clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname;

select clientdata.clientname, teams.projectname from clientdata left outer join teams on

clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname

union

select clientdata.clientname, teams.projectname from clientdata right outer join teams on

clientdata.clientproject=teams.projectname;
create table from other table’s data :

create table projectdata13 select * from projectdata where projectid >1004;

select * from projectdata13;

String, date, number functions :

String Functions :

ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
CONCAT
FIND_IN_SET
FORMAT
INSERT
INSTR
LEFT
LENGTH
LOCATE
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
MID
POSITION
REPEAT
REPLACE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RPAD
RTRIM
STRCMP
SUBSTR
TRIM
UPPER

Date Functions :

CURDATE
CURTIME
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
DATEDIFF
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
HOUR
MINUTE
YEAR
QUARTER
MONTH
WEEK
DAY
MONTHNAME
TIME_FORMAT

Numeric Function :

ABS
AVG
CEIL
COUNT
DIV
EXP
FLOOR
GREATEST
LEAST
LOG
MAX
MIN
MOD
PI
POWER
RAND
ROUND
SQRT
SUM
TRUNCATE

select projectname,ASCII(projectname) from projectdata;

select projectname,char_length(projectname) from projectdata;

select projectname,concat("Name of the project for ", projectid," is ",projectname) from projectdata;

select duration,format(duration,2) from projectdata;

Subquery :

Nested query/inner query

Query1(query2);

Single valued inner query : =, <>, <, <=, >, >=

Multi valued inner query : IN, NOT IN

select clientname from clientdata where clientproject = (select projectname from teams where
teamid=2003);

select clientname from clientdata where clientproject IN (select projectname from teams);

select clientname, projectname from clientdata,teams where clientproject=projectname and

clientproject IN (select projectname from teams where projectname IN (select projectname from
projectdata where duration>700));

select clientname from clientdata where clientproject IN (select projectname from teams where
projectname IN (select projectname from projectdata where duration>700));

PL/SQL : Procedural Language/SQL

Objects of PL/SQL :

1. Unnamed block-not available in MySQL

2. Named Blocks : (Cursor/Package)
a. Stored Procedure
b. Function
c. View
d. Trigger

---Oracle Blocks----

DECLARE

Message varchar(20):= 'Hello World!';

BEGIN
 dbms_output.put_line(Message);

END;

create procedure proc13try()

Message varchar(20):= 'Hello World!';

BEGIN

dbms_output.put_line(Message);

END;

declare

begin

dbms_output.put_line(proc13try());

end;

---MySQL stored procedure

create procedure proctry1()

begin

select count(*) from clientdata;

end;

call proctry1();

create procedure proctry12345678(in param2 varchar(10),out param1 int)

begin

select clientid into param1 from clientdata where clientproject=param2;

end;

call proctry12345678("Payease",@a);

select @a;
-->>>work upon using cursor with loop.

create procedure proctry12345678(in param2 varchar(10),out param1 int)

begin

/*CURSOR id_cur SELECT id FROM emp_ids;*/

select clientid into param1 from clientdata where clientproject=param2;

LOOP

END LOOP;

end;