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Report On Pascal

This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document: The document reports on Pascal's law which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, as demonstrated through mathematical equations. Pascal's law is important for applications like hydraulic systems, vehicle braking, wells, dams, and scuba diving as it describes how pressure is distributed in fluids. The document was submitted by Usman Ali to Dr. Muhammad Abid as a report on Pascal's law.

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Usman Ali
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206 views

Report On Pascal

This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document: The document reports on Pascal's law which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, as demonstrated through mathematical equations. Pascal's law is important for applications like hydraulic systems, vehicle braking, wells, dams, and scuba diving as it describes how pressure is distributed in fluids. The document was submitted by Usman Ali to Dr. Muhammad Abid as a report on Pascal's law.

Uploaded by

Usman Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Report on pascal’s law

Name usman ali


Class fa-18 bs(me)
Section 1b

Submitted by usman ali


Submitted to dr. Muhammad abid

Pascal's law is a law about the physics of a fluid. It says that if pressure is exerted on a non
compressible fluid in a n enclosed vessel, this pressure will be distributed evenly throughout the fluid. It
is named after Blaise Pascal who discovered it in 1647
Pressure:- Pressure is a measure of how much force is applied
over a given area.
P=F/A
units:
1 Pa (Pascal) = 1 N/m2
1 atm = 105 Pa

Pascal’s law:-
“Pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted
equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container.”
This principle is stated mathematically as:

By considering the equilibrium of a small fluid element in the


form of a triangular prism ABCDEF surrounding a point in the
fluid, a relationship can be established between the pressures
P in the x-direction, P  in the y-direction, and Ps normal to any
x  y

plane inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal at this point.,


Px is acting at a right angle to ABEF, Py at a right angle to
CDEF and similarly Ps at a right angle to ABCD.
Since there can be no shearing forces for a fluid at rest, and
there will be no accelerating forces, the sum of the forces in any
direction must, therefore, be zero. The forces acting are due to
the pressures on the surrounding and the gravity force.
Force due to Px  = Px  x Area ABEF = Pxδyδz    Equation -(1)
Horizontal component of force due to Ps,
Ps  = – (Ps  x Area ABCD) sin (θ) = – Psδsδzδy/δs = -Psδyδz 
Equation-(2)
As Py has no component in the x-direction, the element will be
in equilibrium, if Pxδyδz + (-Psδyδz) = 0
i.e. Px = Ps
Similarly in the y-direction, force due to Py = Pyδxδz e      
Equation-(3)
Component of force due to Ps = – (Ps x Area ABCD) cos(θ) = –
Psδsδz δx/δs = – Psδxδz
Force due to weight of element = – mg = – ρVg = –
ρ(δxδyδz/2)g     Equation-(4)
Since δx, δy and δz are very small quantities, δxδyδz is
negligible in comparison with other two vertical force terms, and
the equation reduces to,
Py = Ps
Therefore, Px = Py = Ps
i.e. pressure at a point is same in all directions. This is Pascal’s
law. This applies to fluid at rest.

Applications of Pascal's law:-


 The underlying principle of the hydraulic
jack and hydraulic press.

 Force amplification in the braking system of most motor


vehicles.
 Used in artesian wells, water towers, and dams.
 Scuba divers must understand this principle. At a depth of
10 meters under water, pressure is twice the atmospheric
pressure at sea level, and increases by about 100 kPa for each
increase of 10 m depth.[5]
 Usually Pascal's rule is applied to confined space (static
flow), but due to the continuous flow process, Pascal's
principle can be applied to the lift oil mechanism(which can
be represented as a U tube with pistons on either end).
However, the lift height will be in microns because energy
will be drained and pressure will be diminished after each
impact with the lifting material, but force exerted will be
equal.

THE END.

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