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    Chapter 4 15

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    Chila
    The document discusses nonionic emulsifying agents, which are surfactants that do not contain ionic groups but instead have multiple polar groups. It provides examples of three common nonionic emulsifying agents: monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters. PEG esters are used as laxatives and for colonoscopy preparation kits due to their ability to thicken liquids and clear out the colon. Sorbitan esters and polysorbates are also described as common emulsifying agents used in various products. The document concludes by explaining the difference between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

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    Chapter 4 15

    Uploaded by

    Chila
    31 views3 pages
    The document discusses nonionic emulsifying agents, which are surfactants that do not contain ionic groups but instead have multiple polar groups. It provides examples of three common nonionic emulsifying agents: monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters. PEG esters are used as laxatives and for colonoscopy preparation kits due to their ability to thicken liquids and clear out the colon. Sorbitan esters and polysorbates are also described as common emulsifying agents used in various products. The document concludes by explaining the difference between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

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    The document discusses nonionic emulsifying agents, which are surfactants that do not contain ionic groups but instead have multiple polar groups. It provides examples of three common nonionic emulsifying agents: monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters. PEG esters are used as laxatives and for colonoscopy preparation kits due to their ability to thicken liquids and clear out the colon. Sorbitan esters and polysorbates are also described as common emulsifying agents used in various products. The document concludes by explaining the difference between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views3 pages

    Chapter 4 15

    Uploaded by

    Chila
    The document discusses nonionic emulsifying agents, which are surfactants that do not contain ionic groups but instead have multiple polar groups. It provides examples of three common nonionic emulsifying agents: monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters. PEG esters are used as laxatives and for colonoscopy preparation kits due to their ability to thicken liquids and clear out the colon. Sorbitan esters and polysorbates are also described as common emulsifying agents used in various products. The document concludes by explaining the difference between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    4.

    15 Nonionic emulsifying agents


    In all of the above molecules the hydrophilic portion contains an ionic
    group. In general ionic groups are needed to make a good emulsifying
    agent. Nonionic surfactants do exist, although they are typically not as
    effective as ionic surfactants, and are frequently used in combination with
    ionic surfactants. They frequently have multiple polar groups in their
    hydrophilic end. The names and structures of three common non-ionic
    emulsifying agents are shown below. Label the hydrophilic and
    hydrophobic portions in each.

    Monoglyceride Diglyceride Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ester

    The ”n” in the formula for PEG esters can vary from 2-3 to over a hundred.
    When the n value is very large it makes a long chain which increases the
    viscosity (thickness) of the solution it is in. This property is taken advantage
    of when adding it to shampoos and laundry detergents to thicken the liquid
    as well as act as a detergent. PEG surfactants are used as OTC (over-the-
    counter) laxatives as well as in preparing for bowel preparation kits for
    colonoscopies to clear out the colon. Two such PEG products (PEG 3350)
    are the perversely named GoLytely and HalfLytely!(Half-Lytely is only
    half a gallon instead of a full gallon! Bisacodyl is added to finish the
    cleansing job)

    Another satisfied customer!

    56
    Sorbitan esters are common emulsifying agents used in cake mixes and
    skin creams.

    Sorbitan ester

    Polysorbates have a polyethoxylated sorbitan bonded in an ester linkage to


    a long chain carboxylic (fatty) acid.

    Several variations on polysorbates have the numbers 20,40,60 or 80 after the


    name polysorbate. These refer to the total number of ethoxylate (O-
    CH2CH2O) units attached to the sorbitan ring. Thus polysorbate 80 has a
    total of 80 (O-CH2CH2O) attached to the 4 sites shown in the structure.

    Water-in-oil emulsions

    The micelles we have discussed so far contain a hydrophobic interior,


    hydrophilic exterior and exist in a water medium. These types of solutions
    are called oil-in-water emulsions. If one has a large quantity of oil and only
    a small quantity of water, together with an emulsifying agent, the
    emulsifying agents may surround small droplets of water suspended in
    hydrophobic oil environment (see below). This is called a water-in-oil
    emulsion or a reverse phase emulsion. This is fairly common in a variety of
    cosmetic products such as hand lotions and cold creams.

    57
    oil-in-water emulsion water-in-oil emulsion
    (Soaps are added to lubricating oils to make reverse micelles which form. The soaps
    used often use the lithium ion as their positive ion, producing a high melting point grease
    that will not melt away from the surfaces to be protected)

    58

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