SYBA

SEMESTER -III
Subject: Applied Statistics(General)
Note: (1) Applied Statistics can be offered only as a General level subject.
(2) A student of Three-Year B.A. Degree course offering Applied Statistics will not be
allowed to offer ‘Mathematical Statistics’, ‘Statistical Pre-requisites’ and / or
‘Statistics’ simultaneously in any of the three years of the course.
SYBA
SEMESTER -III
Subject: Applied Statistics(General)
ST-24143: Applications of Statistics and Theory of Probability

Unit 1. Multiple regression plane, multiple and partial correlation coefficient

(using tri-variate data): (10)
(No proof is required for the derivation of the equation of multiple regression plane)
1.1 Notion of multiple regression.
1.2 Equation of Multiple regression model: Y    X  X
0 1 1 2 2


1.3 Obtaining the equation of plane of regression given:

i) the means, standard deviations and total correlation coefficients and obtaining the
estimated value.
ii) sums, sums of squares and sum of squares of deviations from respective mean etc. and
obtaining the estimated value.
1.4 Notion of multiple and partial correlation.
1.5 Definition of multiple correlation coefficient ( R Y .X 1X 2
) and partial correlation coefficient

( rYX 1. X 2 and r YX 2. X 1
)

1.6 Concept of multiple coefficient of determination and partial coefficient of determination with
interpretation.
Unit 2. Time Series: (16)
2.1 Meaning of Time Series
2.2 Various components of a time series (Explanation and illustrations of each component)
2.3 Additive and multiplicative models of time series.
2.4 Meaning and usefulness of time series analysis.
 2.4 Methods of estimating trends: (i) Freehand or graphical method (ii) Method of least square
(line and second degree curve) (iii) Method of semi-averages (iv) Method of moving
averages.
2.5Methods of estimating seasonal components:
(i) Methods of simple averages. (ii) Ratio to trend obtained by moving averages.
2.6 Auto regression model, Fitting of AR(1)model.
Unit 3. Permutations and Combinations: (6)
3.1 Definitions of permutation and combination for distinct objects.
3.2 Relation between permutation and combination. (Explain through illustrations)
 n  n   n   n  1  n  1
(i)      (ii)        
r  n  r  r   r   r  1
Unit 4. Probability: (16)
4.1 Revision of set theory. Concept and definition of union, intersection of two sets,
complement of a set. (no problem should be asked on this topic in the examination)
4.2 Concept of random experiment, sample space with its types.
4.3 Event and types of event: complementary event, elementary event, certain event,
impossible event, mutually exclusive events and exhaustive events.
4.4 Classical definition of probability and its limitations.
4.5 Probability model.
4.6 Axioms of probability.
4.7 Theorems of Probability (Without proof explain only through illustrations)
(i) P(A) + P( A )=1. (ii) 0≤ P(A) ≤1. (iii) P(Ф)=0. (iv) If A⊂B then P(A) ≤P(B).
(v) Total probability theorem/Addition theorem on two events
P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B). (vi) Statement for 3 events for total probability theorem
(vii) P(AUB) ≤ P(A)+P(B) ,(Boole’s inequality).
4.8 Definition of conditional probability.
4.9 Particular cases of P(A│B) when A⊂B or B⊂A or A∩B=Ф.
4.10 Multiplication theorem on P(A∩B).
4.11 Concept and definition of independence of two events.
4.12 Pair-wise independence and complete independence in case of three events.
References:
1. G. Gupta and D. Gupta: Fundamental of Statistics, Vol.II, Shripati Bhattachrjee for the
World Press Pvt. Ltd, Calcutta.
2. J.V.Uspensky: Introduction to Mathematical Probability.
3. Lipschutz : Probability and Statistics, Schaum’s Outline Series,New York.
4. M.G.Kendall and Stuarr : Advanced theory of Statistics, Vol. I, Allan.
5. M. Siegleman : Introduction to Demography .
6. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons,
New Delhi.
7. Walpole and Myres: Probability and Statistics, Mcmillan Publishing Co. New York.
8. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Douglas C. Montgomery, Elizabeth A. Peck,
G.Geoffrey Vining, Wiley
9. Time Series Methods, Brockwell and Davis, Springer, 2006.
10.Time Series Analysis,4th Edition, Box and Jenkin, Wiley, 2008.
11. A First course in Probability, Sheldon Ross.Pearson Education Inkc.
12. Statistical Methods (An IntroductoryText), Medhi J. 1992, New Age International.
13. Modern Elementary Statistics, Freund J.E. 2005, Pearson Publication.
14. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics (3rd Edition), Gupta S. C. and Kapoor V.
K.1987 S. Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
15. Mathematical Statistics (3rd Edition), Mukhopadhyay P. 2015, Books and Allied (P), Ltd.
16. Programmed Statistics, B.L. Agarwal, New Age International Publishers
 SYBA
SEMESTER -IV
Subject: Applied Statistics(General)
ST-24144: Discrete Probability Distributions and Demography
Unit 1. Univariate discrete probability distributions: (8)
1.1 Definition of a discrete random variable (r.v.)
1.2 Definition of probability mass function (p.m.f.) of a discrete r.v, cumulative distribution
function(c.d.f.) and its properties.
1.3 Definition of expectation of a discrete r.v. and expectation of a linear function of discrete
r.v. Mode and median of discrete r.v.
1.4 Definition of variance of discrete r.v.
Unit 2. Bivariate Probability Distributions: (15)
2.1 Definition of two-dimentional discrete r.v. ,its joint probability distribution /p.m.f.
2.2 Computation of probabilities of events in bivariate probability distributions.
2.3 Concepts of marginal and conditional probability distributions.
2.4 Independence of two discrete r.vs.
2.5 Definition of mathematical expectation of function of two dimensional discrete r.v.
2.6 Definitions of conditional mean and conditional variance.
2.7 Definition of covariance and correlation coefficient (ρ).
2.8 Effect of change of origin and scale on covariance and coefficient of correlation(only
Statement).
2.9 Variance of linear combination of two-dimensional discrete r.v ,Var(aX+bY (only
Statement).
Unit 3. Special Discrete Probability Distributions: (15)
3.1 Discrete uniform distribution: p.m.f. mean and variance. Illustrations of real life situations
where this distribution can be applied.
3.2 Binomial distribution: Notation X~B(n,p). p.m.f., mean and variance, additive property
(derivations excluded). Illustrations of real life situations where the distribution can be
applied. Computation of probabilities of events related to binomial r.v.
3.3 Poisson distribution: Notation X~P(m) p.m.f., mean and variance, additive property
(derivations excluded), Illustrations of real life situations where the distribution can be
applied. Computation of probabilities of events related to a Poisson r.v.
Unit 4. Elements of Demography: (10)
4.1 Introduction to demography, need of vital statistics and methods of obtaining vital
statistics.
4.2 Mortality Rates: Crude Death Rate(CDR), Age-specific death rates(ASDR),
Standardized Death Rate(STDR) ( Direct and indirect method).
4.3 Fertility and Reproduction Rates: Crude Birth Rate (CBR), General Fertility rate(GFR),
Age-specific Fertility Rate(ASFR). Total Fertility Rate(TFR),Gross Reproduction
rate(GRR), Net Reproduction Rate(NRR).

References:

1. G. Gupta and D. Gupta: Fundamental of Statistics, Vol.II , Shripati Bhattachrjee for the
World Press Pvt. Ltd, Calcutta.

2. J.V.Uspensky: Introduction to Mathematical Probability.

3. Lipschutz : Probability and Statistics, Schaum’s Outline Series,New York

4. M.G.Kendall and Stuart : Advanced theory of Statistics, Vol. I, Allan.

5. M. Siegleman : Introduction to Demography .

6. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and

Sons,New Delhi.

7. Walpole and Myres : Probability and Statistics , Mcmillan Publishing Co. New York.