Masonry Handouts

Instructor: Manny Daniel A. Abuan Jr.
Batch 2-A Electrical Schedule: Thursday (9:00-10:30)

MASONRY with OHS NC I
Handout
Definition of Terms
Ashlar – a quarry cut to produce smooth, flat bedding surface that stack easily
Block – short term for Concrete Hollow Block; it consists of an outside shell with a hollow center that is divided into two
or three vertical webs
Brick – made of clay and other materials processed into workable consistency, molded to sizes, and fired in a kiln for
stronger and more attractive product
Control measures – set of procedures, guidelines or standards used to regulate or systematize performance of shop
tasks or jobs according to certain standards
Course Ashlar – stone arrangement which has a formal appearance
Course Rubble – stone which has a neater appearance than random rubble but more difficult to construct and requires a
large selection of stones
Electronic method – type of requisitioning of supplies, tools, and equipment through the use of computer unit instead of
the usual slip
Finishing tools – tools used for smoothening, roughening, plastering, and finishing surfaces with mortar or plaster
Masonry – the structural construction of component parts laid in and bound together by a material called as mortar
Material Handling – the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the
process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal
Material Management – scientific method of ensuring that all items including tools and equipment are released and
utilized properly according to the requirement and shop guidelines
Mortar – workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fills the gaps between stocks
Quality inspection – formal evaluation technique to ensure that deliveries are in accordance with the specifications,
quantity, and functionality or workability
Random ashlar – arrangement of stones wherein various sizes are used to make courses that are not continuous for the
whole length of the wall
Random Rubble – stone that is usually dry – laid but can also be mortared
Roughing up tools – those tools necessary in the process of preparing, arranging, forming, laying and shaping of bricks,
stones and masonry blocks
Rubble – stone that is irregular in size, shape, and texture
Masonry and Materials
Masonry is the structural construction of component parts laid in and bound together by a material called mortar. These
individual materials which are introduced in any structure for various purposes and patterns may be tile, brick, granite,
limestone, glass and concrete block, stucco, marble, stone, and travertine. The production of masonry units should
generally conform to the requirements in the 2003 International Building Code (IBC) Section 2103. Aside from mortar,
assembling these units can be reinforced appropriately by steel (rebar) that offers much strength to structures.
Stone Types and Varieties of Bond Pattern
- Masonry stones are in various forms and set in different patterns depending on certain considerations. Such
stones chosen for various purposes have several varieties:
1. Ashlar is a quarry cut to produce smooth, flat bedding surface that stack easily. It is generally cut into small
rectangles with sawed or dressed face.
2. Random ashlar is an arrangement of stones where in various sizes are used to make courses that are not
continuous for the whole length of the wall. However, course ashlar has a formal appearance.
3. Rubble is a stone that is irregular in size, shape and texture. Field stone is one type of rubble. Random
rubble is usually dry – laid but can also be mortared. Course rubble has a neater appearance than random
rubble but more difficult to construct and requires a large selection of stones.
“Pictures of Ashlar and Rubble in Figure 1”
Figure 1
BRICKS
1. Common Bricks are made from clay and sold at the market.
2. Face Bricks are used for exterior and interior walls and other architectural structures.
3. Calcium Silicate Bricks are made with alumina and silica and are used for furnaces and other structures that
require higher temperature up to 178 o C.
Brick Laying and Patterns
Bricks are laid in horizontal or vertical layer with a string or nylon chord as guide. The vertical layer of bricks is
guided by a plumb line wherein the mortar having a thickness of 3 to 10 mm. is placed between layers.
Figure 2
BLOCKS. There are many types of blocks, which are most widely used as masonry materials.
1. The CHB (sometimes called as Concrete Hollow Block) is used for all the types of construction
walls, partitions, dividers, fences, etc., it. Generally, a block consists of an outside shell with a
hollow center that is divided by two or three vertical webs. The end unit may have flanges that
accept mortar and join with the other adjacent blocks (except blocks intended for corners and
the end of walls).
MASONRY TOOLS
Appropriate tools are adopted in masonry to suit the kind of work involved. It also includes some carpenter tools
such as the measuring tools, testing tools, and fastening tools. They are classified into two categories.
1. Roughing up Tools 2. Surface finishing tools
Roughing up Tools
- are those tools necessary in the process of preparing, arranging, forming, laying, and shaping of bricks, stones,
and masonry blocks. Tools of this type of work are mostly striking tools such as:
1. Masons Axe or Hammer 2. Patent Hammer 3. Brick Hammer 4. Crandall
5. Cross Pen Hammer 6. Cold Chisel 7. Star Drill 8. Bolster
9. Wrecking Baron
Surface Finishing Tools Classifications

1. Float 2. Trowels
Floats Classification
1. Common Float 4. Devil or Nail Floating
2. Bull Float 5. Angle Floating
3. Carpet Float
Different Kinds of Trowel
1. Ordinary Trowel 4. Buttering Trowel
2. Pointing Trowel 5. Edger
3. Brick Trowel 6. Margin Trowel

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Instructor: Manny Daniel A. Abuan Jr.

Batch 2-A Electrical Schedule: Thursday (9:00-10:30)

Surface Finishing Tools Classifications

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