International journal of basic and applied research

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ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

Study of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of 4-Story

Building using ANSYS
1 2
Mr. Dinesh Sen , Anosh Kujur
1
Asst. Professor and HOD (Civil Engineering), VEC Lakhanpur(CG)
India
2
M-Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, VECLakhanpur
(CG) India

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the work is to obtain Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes or Eigen Vectors of 4-
storey building. The building inUndamped free vibration condition. The equivalent mass- spring
systems established in ANSYS and demonstrate the modeling and simulation of this MDOF mass-
spring system to obtain its natural frequencies and mode shapes. In whole procedure ANSYS 18.1
has been used. This work is useful to study vibrational analysis of building structures. The
theoretical analysis of natural frequencies was used to compare the numerical results obtained by
ANSYS to validate the results.

Key words:Natural Frequency, Mode Shape, Eigen Vector,Undamped free vibration, Mass-spring
system, Vibrational Analysis, Natural frequencies, MDOF, Modeling, Simulation, ANSYS.

(1)INTRODUCTION

The 4-storey building has multi-degree of freedom system (MDOF) and this structure is an
undamped condition thus the response is undamped free vibration response. An MDOF system is
defined as a system whose motion is described by more than one independent coordinates, with
each degree of freedom having a frequency of vibration. In the free vibration condition, the
structure is not subjected to any dynamic excitation or external forces or support motion. The
motion of a structure is influenced only by the initial conditions. For a vibrating system of „n‟
degree of freedom, the motion is represented by „n‟ differential equation of motion. Before
determining an equation of motion find mass matrix[m], stiffness matrix[k], after getting an
equation of motion to find the characteristic equation or frequency equation.by the frequency
equation obtain natural frequencies also known as Eigenvalues. And next to obtained natural
frequencies to determine Eigenvectors or modal vectors and then find free vibration response in
form of modes these modes called mode shapes of structures. The ANSYS software based on finite
element analysis (FEA) and it is used to modelling and simulation of structures we determine the
mode shapes of a 4-story building by the equivalent MDOF spring-mass system.

351 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

(2)METHODOLOGY
The natural frequencies determined by both ANSYS and theoretical analysis to validate the result.
The mode shapes have determined by theoretical and analytical analysis.

2.1 Determine Natural Frequencies by the Matrix Method:-

Fig (2.1):- 4-storey building

Fig (2.2):- Equivalent mass-spring system

Fig (2.3):- Free body diagram of mass 1

352 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

Fig (2.4):- Free body diagram for mass 2

Fig (2.5):- Free body diagram for mass 3

Fig (2.6):- Free body diagram for mass m 4

Masses is given as m1 = 45360 kg, m2 = 45360 kg, m3 = 45360 kg, m4 = 22680 kg

12𝐸𝐼 2×12×4.5×10 6
K1 = k2 = k3 = k4 = 2× = = 4× 106 N/m
𝐿 33

The following equation obtained from free body diagram

𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 𝑢1 − 𝑘2 𝑢2 = 0 -------- (1)

𝑚2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 𝑢2 − 𝑘3 𝑢3 = 0 -------- (2)

𝑚 3 𝑢 3 − 𝑘3 𝑢 2 + 𝑘3 + 𝑘4 𝑢 3 − 𝑘4 𝑢 4 = 0 -------- (3)

𝑚 4 𝑢 4 − 𝑘4 𝑢 3 + 𝑘4 𝑢 4 = 0 -------- (4)

Writing the equations (1), (2), (3) & (4) into the equation of motion of an MDOF system subjected
toundamped free vibration is given as

𝑚 𝑢 + 𝑘 𝑢 = 0 -------- (5)

𝑚1 0 0 0 𝑢1 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 0 0 𝑢1
0 𝑚2 0 0 𝑢2 −𝑘2 (𝑘2 + 𝑘3 ) −𝑘3 0 𝑢2
+ 𝑢3 = 0
0 0 𝑚3 0 𝑢3 0 −𝑘3 (𝑘3 + 𝑘4 ) −𝑘4
0 0 0 𝑚4 𝑢4 0 0 −𝑘4 𝑘4 𝑢4

353 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
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ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

-------- (6)

55.5 0 0 0 2 1 0 0
𝑢1 𝑢1
0 55.5 0 0 𝑢2 1 2  1 0 𝑢2
1000 + 4 × 106 =0
0 0 55.5 0 𝑢3 0  1 2  1 𝑢𝑢3
𝑢4 3
0 0 0 27.75 0 0 1 1

-------- (7)

The characteristic equation is 𝑘 − (𝑚)𝜔𝑛2 = 0

2 1 0 0 55.5 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 55.5 0 0
4 × 102 − 1000𝜔𝑛2 =0
0 1 2 1 0 0 55.5 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 27.75

------- (8)

2 1 0 0 55.5 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 55.5 0 0
− 2.5 × 10−4 𝜔𝑛2 =0
0 1 2 1 0 0 55.5 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 27.75

------- (9)

Let 2.5× 10−4 𝜔𝑛2 = 𝜆 we get

(2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 0 0
−1 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 0
=0
0 −1 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1
0 0 −1 (1 − 27.75𝜆)

------ (10)

Expanding the determinant, we get

4743970.031𝜆4 − 683815.5𝜆3 + 30802.5𝜆2 − 444𝜆 + 1 = 0 ------ (11)

Solving the above equation, we get

𝜆1 = 0.00274308

𝜆2 = 0.0222456

𝜆3 = 0.0498264

354 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
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ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

𝜆4 = 0.069329

We know that 2.5× 10−4 𝜔𝑛2 = 𝜆

Thus 2.5× 10−4 𝜔12 = 𝜆1 = 0.00274308

0.00274308
𝜔𝑛2 =
2.5×10 −4

𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔1 = 3.3125 = 0.53 𝐻𝑧
𝑠

0.0222456
𝜔22 =
2.5 × 10−4
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔2 = 9.433 = 1.5 𝐻𝑧
𝑠

0.0498264
𝜔32 =
2.5×10 −4

𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔3 = 14.12 = 2.25 𝐻𝑧
𝑠

0.069329
𝜔42 =
2.5×10 −4

𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔4 = 16.6528 = 2.65 𝐻𝑧
𝑠

The Natural frequencies (or) Eigen values are

𝜔1 = 0.53 𝐻𝑧

𝜔2 = 1.5 𝐻𝑧

𝜔3 = 2.25 𝐻𝑧

𝜔4 = 2.65 𝐻𝑧

2.2 Determine Natural Frequencies by ANSYS:-

(2.2.1) Material and Geometry:- Structural steel used for making masses m1,m2,m3 and m4with
density 7850 kg/𝑚3 and young modulus and Poisson‟s ratio of steel is 2×1011 Pa and 0.3 after that
draw geometry by open Model dialog box from analysis systems of tool box and attach springs
and provide stiffness value to all as 4×106 N/m.

355 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

Fig (2.7):-The solid model

(2.2.2) Meshing: -Meshing divides the whole components into many small elements to distribute
applied load uniformly to whole components. All faces were selected for mesh generation and
total number of nodes and elements were observed as 4431 and 773 respectively.

Fig (2.9):- Meshed model of mass-spring system

(2.2.3)Boundary Conditions: -Remote displacements 1, 2, 3, 4 applied for masses 1, 2, 3 and 4

where X components taken as free for all three remote displacements.

356 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
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ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

(2.2.4) Frequencies obtained by ANSYS :-

The obtained frequency results shown below in the table

Table (1) Mode and Frequency

Mode Frequencies

1 0.52719

2 1.5013

3 2.2469

4 2.6504

(2.2.5) Comparison of Theoretical calculation and ANSYS:-

Theoretical result ANSYS

Frequency 1 (Hz) 0.53 0.52719

Frequency 2 (Hz) 1.5 1.5013

Frequency 3 (Hz) 2.25 2.2469

Frequency 4 (Hz) 2.65 2.6504

The theoretical solved result almost matched with ANSYS results. Hence solution from theoretical
solved results is valid and acceptable.

(3)MODE SHAPES OR EIGEN VECTORS

Mode Shapes are determined by using static condensation technique.

−1 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 0 𝑢2
0 𝑢1 + −1 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 𝑢3 = 0
0 0 −1 (1 − 27.75𝜆) 𝑢4

−1
𝑢2 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 0 −1
𝑢3 = − −1 (2 − 55.5𝜆) −1 0 𝑢1
𝑢4 0 −1 (1 − 27.75𝜆) 0

357 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

First mode shape:-

Assuming 𝑢11 = 1.00 and substituting 𝜆1 = 0.00274308

−1
𝑢2 (2 − 55.5 × 0.00274308) −1 0 −1
𝑢3 = − −1 (2 − 55.5 × 0.00274308) −1 0
𝑢4 0 −1 (1 − 27.27 × 0.00274308) 0

Eigen vector corresponding to 𝜔1 or first mode shape is

𝑢2 1.848
𝑢3 = 2.414
𝑢4 2.613

Second mode shape:-

(2)
Assuming 𝑢1 = 1.00 and substituting 𝜆2 = 0.0222456

−1
𝑢2 (2 − 55.5 × 0.0222456) −1 0 −1
𝑢3 = − −1 (2 − 55.5 × 0.0222456) −1 0
𝑢4 0 −1 (1 − 27.75 × 0.0222465) 0

Eigen vector corresponding to 𝜔2 or second mode shape is

𝑢2 0.7654
𝑢3 = −0.4142
𝑢4 −1.0824

Third mode shape:-

(3)
Assuming 𝑢1 = 1.00 and substitute 𝜆3 = 0.0498264

−1
𝑢2 (2 − 55.5 × 0.0498264) −1 0 −1
𝑢3 = − −1 (2 − 55.5 × 0.0498264) −1 0
𝑢4 0 −1 (1 − 27.75 × 0.0498264) 0

Eigen vector corresponding to 𝜔3 of third mode shape is

𝑢2 −0.7654
𝑢3 = −0.4142
𝑢4 1.0824

Fourth mode shape:-

(4)
Assuming 𝑢1 = 1.00 and substitute 𝜆4 = 0.069329

−1
𝑢2 (2 − 55.5 × 0.069329) −1 0 −1
𝑢3 = − −1 (2 − 55.5 × 0.069329) −1 0
𝑢4 0 −1 (1 − 27.75 × 0.069329) 0

358 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

Eigen vector corresponding to 𝜔4 or fourth mode shape is

𝑢2 −1.8478
𝑢3 = 2.4142
𝑢4 −2.6131

1.00 100 1.00 1.00

Eigen vector (φ) = 1.848 0.7654 −0.7654 −1.8478
2.414 −0.4142 −0.4142 2.4142
2.613 −1.0842 1.0824 −2.6131

The mode shapes of 4-storey building shown below in figures

4-storey building 1st Mode shape 2nd Mode shape

3rd Mode shape 4th Mode shape

Fig (2.10):- Mode shapes of structure

359 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal
 International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

(4)CONCLUSION

The ANSYS result shows that is possible to determine natural frequency and mode shapes
of any multi-storey building by establishing equivalent mass-spring system. The results
obtained from ANSYS are almost matched with theoretical solved results. Therefore the
ANSYS result is valid and acceptable, so it can be used for the determination of natural
frequencies of MDOF system.The benefit of study is to predict the natural frequencies of
vibration and excitation response of any structure like buildings, bridges, water tanks and
small and big structures of any metal.

REFERENCES

[1] Anil K. Chopra.,“Dynamics of Structures”Pearsion Education India.

[2] S.R. Damodarasamy, S. Kavitha., “Basics of Structural Dynamics and Aseismic
Design” PHE Learning Private Limited, New Delhi.
[3] PankajAgrwal& Manish Shrikhande., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
[4] Mario Paz., “Structural Dynamics-Theory of Computation” CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
[5] ANSYS User‟s Manual (2017) Swanson Analysis System Inc.

360 Received: 8 November Revised: 17 November Accepted: 24 November

Index in Cosmos
December 2018 Volume 8 Number 12
UGC Approved Journal