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    Operating Instruction Manual Of: Big Notch and Weir APPARATUS

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Parikh
    This document provides instructions for operating a laboratory apparatus to study and calibrate different types of notches and weirs. It describes the aim, theory, components, and experimental procedure. The apparatus includes rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal notches as well as sharp-crested, broad-crested, and ogee weirs. The procedure involves measuring discharge rates over each structure at varying water levels and calculating coefficients of discharge based on theoretical discharge equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Operating Instruction Manual Of: Big Notch and Weir APPARATUS

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Parikh
    88 views9 pages
    This document provides instructions for operating a laboratory apparatus to study and calibrate different types of notches and weirs. It describes the aim, theory, components, and experimental procedure. The apparatus includes rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal notches as well as sharp-crested, broad-crested, and ogee weirs. The procedure involves measuring discharge rates over each structure at varying water levels and calculating coefficients of discharge based on theoretical discharge equations.

    Original Title

    Big_Notch_and_Weir_Appratus_FMC014

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    This document provides instructions for operating a laboratory apparatus to study and calibrate different types of notches and weirs. It describes the aim, theory, components, and experimental procedure. The apparatus includes rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal notches as well as sharp-crested, broad-crested, and ogee weirs. The procedure involves measuring discharge rates over each structure at varying water levels and calculating coefficients of discharge based on theoretical discharge equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views9 pages

    Operating Instruction Manual Of: Big Notch and Weir APPARATUS

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Parikh
    This document provides instructions for operating a laboratory apparatus to study and calibrate different types of notches and weirs. It describes the aim, theory, components, and experimental procedure. The apparatus includes rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal notches as well as sharp-crested, broad-crested, and ogee weirs. The procedure involves measuring discharge rates over each structure at varying water levels and calculating coefficients of discharge based on theoretical discharge equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Operating Instruction

    Manual Of

    Big notch and weir APPARATUS

    PRODUCT

    EIE INSTRUMENTS PVT. LTD.

    (MFR. OF HIGH CLASS LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS )


    FACTORY OFFICE

    14, 15, 16 zaveri industrial, 1001, SPAN TRADE CENTRE,

    Estate, opp. Shyamvilla, OPP. KOCHARAB ASHRAM,

    Singarva-kathwada road. NEAR PALDI BUS STAND,

    Ahmedabad- 382430 AHMEDABAD- 380006

    FAX: 917922901591 FAX: (079)22164099

    WEB: WWW.EIEINSTRUMENTS.COM

    CUSTOMER CARE: (079) 660 40 660-760(100 LINES)

    Note : Please Read the Instructions before Operation


    NOTCH AND WEIR APPRATUS

    Aim of the Experiment:

    • To study and calibrate the given Rectangular, Triangular and Trapezoidal


    Notches
    • To study and calibrate the given Sharp Crested, Broad Crested and
    Ogee Weirs

    Introduction and Theory

    Measurement of flow in open channel is essential for better management of


    supplies of water. Hydraulic structures such as weirs are emplaced in the channel.
    They are used to determine the discharge indirectly from measurements of the
    flow depth.

    A notch is an opening in the side of a measuring tank or reservoir extending


    above the free surface. A weir is a notch on a large scale, used, for the
    measurement of discharge in free surface flows like a river. A weir is an orifice
    placed at the water surface so that the head on its upper edge is zero. Hence, the
    upper edge can be eliminated, leaving only the lower edge named as weir crest. A
    weir can be of different shapes - rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal etc. A
    triangular weir is particularly suited for measurement of small discharges.

    Rectangular Notch

    The discharge over an unsubmerged rectangular sharp-crested notch is defined


    as:
    0.5 3/2
    Q = 2/3. Cd. (2g) L. H

    Fig: Rectangular Notch

    Triangular Notch

    The rate of flow over a triangular weir mainly depends on the head H, relative to
    the crest of the notch; measured upstream at a distance about 3 to 4 times H

    FM.C.014 (Page 1)
    from the crest. For triangular notch with apex angle θ , the rate of flow Q is
    obtained from the equation,

    0.5 5/2
    Q = Cd . (8 / 15) (2g) tan (θ/2) H

    Here, Cd is termed the coefficient of discharge of triangular notch

    Fig: Triangular Notch

    Trapezoidal Notch

    Also known as Cipolletti weirs, are trapezoidal with 1:4 slopes to compensate for
    end contraction losses. The equation generally accepted for computing the
    discharge through an unsubmerged sharp-crested Cipolletti weir with complete
    contraction is:

    3/2
    Q = 1.84.Cd.L.H
    3
    Where, Q = Discharge over notch (m /sec); L = Bottom of notch width; H =
    Head above bottom of opening (m)

    Sharp Crested Weir

    A sharp-crested weir allows the water to fall cleanly away from the weir. Sharp
    crested weirs are typically 1/4" or thinner metal plates. Sharp crested weirs come in
    many different shapes such as rectangular, V-notch and Cipolletti weirs as

    FM.C.014 (Page 2)
    discussed above. They are not very accurate or reliable especially when
    reading and measuring from an orifice.

    For measuring discharge we generally use the following formula:-Q


    0.5 3/2
    = 2/3. Cd. (2g) L. H

    Broad Crested Weir

    A broad-crested weir is a flat-crested structure, with a long crest compared to


    the flow thickness. When the crest is "broad", the streamlines become parallel to
    the crest invert and the pressure distribution above the crest is hydrostatic.
    Practical experience showed that the weir overflow is affected by the upstream
    flow conditions and the weir.

    For measuring discharge we generally use the following


    3/2
    formula:-Q = (1.7) Cd. L. H

    FM.C.014 (Page 3)
    Ogee Weir

    It is a special type of weir, generally used as a spillway of a dam as shown in


    figure. The crest of an ogee weir slightly rises up from the point (i.e., crest of
    the sharp-crested weir) and after reaching the maximum rise and falls in a
    parabolic form as shown in figure.
    3/2
    Q = C. L. H
    Where, C = Co-efficient of Spillway

    Apparatus Description

    The pump sucks the water from the sump tank, and discharges it to a large
    flow channel. The notch is fitted at the end of channel. All the notches and weirs
    are interchangeable. The water flowing rate over the flow channel can be
    measured using flow meter and simple stop watch provided.

    The following notches are provided with the apparatus:-

    1) Rectangular notch (Crest length L = 0.100 m)


    0
    2) Triangular notch (Notch Angle – 60 )
    3) Trapezoidal notch (Crest length L = 0.060m; Slope = 4V:1H)

    FM.C.014 (Page 4)
    (1) (2) (3)

    The following weirs are provided with apparatus:-

    1) Sharp Crested Weir (Crest length L = 500 mm)


    2) Broad Crested Weir (Crest length L = 500 mm)
    3) Ogee Weir (Crest length L = 500 mm)

    (1) (2) (3)

    Experimental Procedure

    1) Fit the required notch in the flow channel.


    2) Fill up the water in the sump tank.
    3) Now start the pump and open the gate valve slowly so that water
    starts flowing over the notch
    4) Take down the initial reading of the crest level (sill level)
    5) Let the water level become stable and note down the height of
    water surface at the upstream side by the sliding depth gauge.
    6) Using stopwatch measure time for one revolution of flowmeter counter
    7) Take the reading for different flow rates.
    8) Repeat the same procedure for other notch and weir also.

    FM.C.014 (Pag e 5)
    Observations:

    Notch Type:- Triangular / Rectangular / Trapezoidal

    Sr. No. Still level Water height on Discharge time


    reading ‘s’ mts upstream side for 100 litres ‘t’
    ‘h’ mtrs sec

    Weir Type:- Sharp Crested / Broad Crested / Ogee

    Sr. No. Still level Water height on Discharge time


    reading ‘s’ mts upstream side for 100 litres ‘t’
    ‘h’ mtrs sec

    Calculations:-

    A) Rectangular Notch-
    1. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m
    3
    2. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    Crest length of notch L= 0.1 m

    3. Now theoretical discharge


    0.5 3/2
    Qth = 2/3 (2g) L. H

    4. coefficient of discharge
    Qa
    Cd = -------
    Qth

    B) Triangular notch-

    1. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m


    3
    2. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    3. Now theoretical discharge

    FM.C.014 (Page 6)
    0.5 5/2
    Qth = (8 / 15) (2g) tan (60/2) H

    4. Coefficient of discharge
    Qa
    Cd = -------
    Qth

    C) Trapezoidal Notch (or Cipolletti Weir)

    a. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m


    3
    b. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    Crest length of notch (L) = 0.060 m

    c. Now theoretical discharge


    3/2
    Qth = 1.84.L.H

    d. coefficient of discharge
    Qa
    Cd = -------
    Qth

    D) Sharp Crested Weir-


    a. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m
    3
    b. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    Crest length of notch L= 0.5 m

    c. Now theoretical discharge


    0.5 3/2
    Qth = 2/3 (2g) L. H

    d. coefficient of discharge
    Qa
    Cd = -------
    Qth

    FM.C.014 (Page 7)
    E) Broad Crested Weir-
    a. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m
    3
    b. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    Crest length of notch L= 0.5 m

    c. Now theoretical discharge


    3/2
    Qth = 1.7 L. H

    d. coefficient of discharge
    Qa
    Cd = -------
    Qth

    F) Ogee Weir-

    a. Head over the notch, H = | h-s | m


    3
    b. Actual Discharge , Qa = 0.1 m /sec
    t
    Crest length of notch L= 0.5 m

    c. Now theoretical discharge


    3/2
    Qa = C. L. H

    d. Coefficient of Spillway
    Qa
    C = -------
    L. H3/2

    Conclusion

    1) Average Cd of given Triangular notch is ________

    2) Average Cd of given Rectangular notch is ______

    3) Average Cd of given Trapazoidal notch is ______

    4) Average Cd of given Sharp Crested Weir is ______

    5) Average Cd of given Broad Crested Weir is ______

    6) Average C of given Ogee Weir is ______

    FM.C.014 (Page 8)

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