What do I need to be able to do?

You should be able to:

• Understand properties of addition and
Number Skills
subtraction
• Understand properties of multiplication and
Key Words
division • Commutative: changing the order of operations does not change the result
• Use formal methods of addition and • Associative: when you add or multiply you can do so regardless of how the numbers are grouped
subtraction for integers • Inverse: the operation that undoes what was done by the previous operation
• Use formal methods of multiplication and • Subtract: taking away one number from another
division for integers • Negative: a value less than zero
• Add and subtract directed numbers • Debit: money that leaves a bank account
• Multiply and divide directed numbers • Credit: money that goes into a bank account
• Understand and use order of operations • Integer: a whole number
with positive and negative integers • Product: multiply terms
• Operation: a mathematical process

Addition Subtraction
Formal written method: Models to help with addition Formal written method: Models to help with addition
Addition is commutative • Number lines: • Number lines:
+7 +10
So we can say
+5 33 + 7 + 10 + 5 = 55, Subtraction is NOT 12 -8 -10 -9 39 So we can say

H T U 33 55 or 33 +22 = 55
commutative or associative H T U 10 20 30
39 - 9 - 10 - 8 = 12,
40 or 9 - 27 = 12
2 1
3 4 2 30 40 50 60
5 3i 2
2+4 = 4+2 • Bar models:
+ 1 4 9
• Bar models:
5
The order of addition doesn’t change the result
100 So we can say
12 - 8 =I 8 - 12
2 1 6 80 So we can say
80 - 24 = 56 &
4 9 1 47 53 47 + 53 = 100
3 1 6 24 56
80 - 56 = 24

Addition is associative 1 • Part/Whole diagrams: • Part/Whole diagrams:

I
Remember 0 is a
76 43
I
So we can say
place holder!
i Remember the place
So we can say
26+50= 76 When you subtract, the
43 - 21 = 22 &
43 - 22 = 21

6 + (3 + 4) = (6 + 3) + 4 50 order must stay the same. 2 0 8 22

value for each column! 26 21

Timms 0 0 4
It doesn’t matter how you group the numbers

Written Methods for Multiplication GELOSIA: REPEATED ADDITION: Calculations with Directed Numbers
LONG MULTIPLICATION: GRID METHOD: H T U
2 4 7 X
1 2 4 7
Addition Subtraction
X 200
200 40 7 2
H T U 7
0 3
6 2 1
2 4 7
2+-3 2--3
2 4 7 3 600 120 21 7 1

moms
4 Remember; If I add a negative, I am
adding something that will make it
Remember; If I subtract a negative, I
am taking away the amount that wis

x 1 2 3 600 + 120 + 21 = 741

+ 2 4 7 smaller, so it is the same as
subtracting that number!
making it smaller, so it is the same as
adding that number!

7 4 1 7 4 1
1 2 2 - 3 = -1 2+3=5
Generalisation. +-=- --=+
Written Methods for Division LONG DIVISION:

is
This method relies on you
being comfortable with Multiplication Division
SHORT DIVISION: SHORT DIVISION with remainders: 0 4 2 multiples of your divisor (in
this case, 6!)!
2x-3
6 2 5 2
. Remember that multiplication

my
1 1 22 55 . 5 ‘2 lots of -3’
0 4 2 and division are inverse

6 2
2
5
1
2 2 2 5 1 0
1 1
. 2 4 0 6 X 40 = -6
operations.
0 1 2 -2 x -3
1 0 2 7
Continue after the decimal 0 1 2 6X2
Think of this as the Eg 6 ÷ -3 = -2
1 point! If you start to get a 0 negative of 2 x -3
8 8 1 6 repeating decimal, stop -6 ÷ 2 = -3
=6

Example 3 Generalisation Models to help

Example 1 Example 2
Order of Operations (4 x 7) + 3 (6 + 4 - 3) x 4
2 4 - 8 x 2 + 12 4 It can be helpful to put

So we need to evaluate the So we need to evaluate the So first we do the

X t calculations involving directed
numbers into real life contexts.

brackets first; 4x7 =28 brackets first and we work multiplication/division left to t t Think about temperate or bank
accounts when unsure
left to right ; 6 + 4 - 3 =7 right; 4 - 16 + 3.
This is now 28 + 3 = 31 This is now 72 x 4 = 49 x 4 Now we do the addition/
t
= 196 subtraction from left to
right: -12 + 3 = -9