Safety Risk Assessment
Safety Risk Assessment
REQUIREMENTS
Common provisions in health and safety law
13 The Management Regulations require you to 18 The Management Regulations require those of you
assess risks to the health and safety of anyone that may who have five or more employees to record the
be affected by your activities - yourself, workers and significant findings of your assessment. However, if you
members of the public. However, you will have to check have to do the specific things that the risk assessment
whether the other regulations require you to do certain provisions of the Noise Regulations require, then you
things for all or some of these people. For example, the have to keep a record of every assessment, even if you
Display Screen Regulations require employers to assess have less than five employees. These regulations also
workstations for health and safety risks to their workers tell you how long you have to keep the records.
and self-employed people working for them, but not
members of the public. Similarly, the Manual Handling Reviewing the assessment
Regulations require you to assess risks to yourself and
your employees (if any) but not to members of the 19 All the regulations require that you review your
public. assessment and revise it as necessary. They all say that
you have to do this if you 'suspect that your assessment what is reasonably practicable in your particular
is no longer valid or there has been a significant circumstances. This includes taking account of the
change', or words to that effect. The COSHH and risk assessment provisions of the Management,
Asbestos Regulations also say that you must review Noise, COSHH, Manual Handling and PPE
your assessment regularly. This is good practice anyway Regulations.
and Five steps recommends this be done for
assessments made under other regulations. 21 This guide will confirm all that. For example, the
table shows that:
HOW CAN THIS GUIDE HELP?
(a) if you have decided that the only way you can
20 This guide helps those of you who want to find out reasonably control certain risks is by getting your
more about the law on risk assessment. It can also help workers to wear personal protective equipment (eg,
those of you who want to double check that your safety boots to protect against foot injury,
assessment is comprehensive. This is best illustrated by
respiratory protective equipment against dust) you
looking at an activity when more than one of the above
will have to assess the suitability of that equipment
regulations apply - for example cutting and laying paving
for its intended purpose;
stones in the street. Using Five steps and another HSE
publication, Essentials of health and safety at work as
(b) when assessing risks to members of the public,
guides, you would have found out that:
you will have to consider the risk assessment
(a) harm to people could arise as follows: provisions of the Management and COSHH
Regulations; and
(i) to your workers from:
(c) you may have to record your noise assessment
- noise and vibration from the stone depending on whether your employees are
cutting equipment; exposed to the first action level or above, or to the
peak action level specified in the Noise
- exposure to dust (a substance Regulations.
hazardous to health) from cutting the
paving stones; FURTHER INFORMATION
- manual handling of the paving stones 22 More information about the process of assessing
causing back strain, or foot injury risks, legal requirements and standards can be found in
through dropping the load; the HSE publications Five steps to risk assessment,
Management of health and safety at work - approved
- electric shock from portable power tools; code of practice and Essentials of health and safety.
and Details of these and of other useful HSE publications are
given below.
- tripping over poorly stored material.
Five steps to risk assessment INDG163(rev) 1998
(ii) to members of the public from: (available in priced packs ISBN 0 7176 1565 0)
- noise and dust from the stone cutting; Five steps to risk assessment: case studies HSG183
and 1998 ISBN 0 7176 1580 4
- tripping over poorly stored material or
Essentials of health and safety at work 3rd ed 1994
uneven surfaces, for example from
ISBN 0 7176 0716 X
unfinished work left at the end of the
day.
Management of health and safety at work: Approved
(In a real situation, there may well be Code of Practice L21 1999 ISBN 0 7176 2488 9
more and/or different hazards to
consider. The points (i) and (ii) are not A guide to the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
meant to be comprehensive and have 4th ed 1990 ISBN 0 7176 0441 1
been chosen for the purpose of
illustration). COSHH: a brief guide to the Regulations INDG136 1999
(available in priced packs ISBN 0 7176 2444 7)
(b) in deciding whether existing precautions are
adequate or more should be done you will have to General COSHH ACOP and carcinogens ACOP and
take account of requirements in regulations and biological agents ACOP L5 1999 ISBN 0 7176 1670 3
Manual handling: Manual Handling Operations HSE priced and free publications are available by mail
Regulations 1992: Guidance on the Regulations L23 order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk
1998 ISBN 0 7176 2415 3 CO10 2WA Tel: 01787 881165 Fax: 01787 313995
Website: www.hsebooks.co.uk (HSE priced publications
A short guide to the Personal Protective Equipment at are also available from bookshops.)
Work Regulations 1992 INDG174 1995 (available in
priced packs ISBN 0 7176 0889 1) For information about health and safety ring HSE's
InfoLine Tel: 08701 545500 Fax: 02920 859260 e-mail:
Personal protective equipment at work: Guidance on [email protected] or write to HSE
Regulations L25 1992 ISBN 0 7176 0415 2 Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park,
Caerphilly CF83 3GG. You can also visit HSE’s website:
Working with VDUs INDG36(rev) 1998 (available in www.hse.gov.uk
priced packs ISBN 0 7176 1504 9)
This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are
Display screen equipment work: Health and Safety
not compulsory but which you may find helpful in
(Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992:
considering what you need to do.
Guidance on Regulations L26 1992 ISBN 0 7176 0410 1
Asbestos and you INDG107 1996 (available in priced This guide may be freely reproduced, except for
packs ISBN 0 7176 1241 4) advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. The
information it contains is current at 12/99. Please
The control of asbestos at work: Control of Asbestos at acknowledge the source as HSE.
Work Regulations 1987 L27 1999 ISBN 0 7176 1673 8
Purpose of To identify To consider the To determine To assess 1 To identify To identify risk 1 To identify To assess The stated purpose is different for each set of Differences are significant in that they determine what
measures which questions set whether the workstations for which to enable a type of whether the regulations ground you have to cover in your assessment.
assessment need to be out in column 2 personal health and employees and decision to be asbestos exposure of any
taken to comply of Schedule 1 protective safety risks to self-employed made on the employees to For all hazards, under the Management Regulations,
with the relating to the equipment is which users/ people are measures to 2 To determine lead is liable to the purpose of the assessment is for you to find out
requirements factors listed in suitable operators are exposed take to prevent nature and be significant what health and safety measures you have to adopt to
and prohibitions that schedule exposed or adequately degree of comply with legal requirements.
imposed by or 2 To provide the control exposure
under the employer or exposures If, besides the Management Regulations, one of the
relevant self-employed 3 To set out other regulations in this table covers the hazard you
statutory person with steps to reduce are considering, you need also to follow its purpose of
provisions and such exposure to assessment to determine what measures you have to
by Part II of the information, lowest level adopt to meet its detailed legal requirements.
Fire Precautions with regard to reasonably
(Workplace) the noise, as practicable If only the Management Regulations apply, you need to
Regulations will aid consider whether any other regulations with no risk
1997 (as compliance with assessment requirement of their own (and so not listed
amended) Regulations 7, in this table) apply to the hazard. For example, in
8, 9 and 11 assessing the risk from using machinery, you need to
consider the legal requirements of the Provision and
Use of Work Equipment Regulations. If there are no
other regulations that apply, your assessment under
the Management Regulations need only consider how
to ensure health and safety 'so far as is reasonably
practicable'.
Who has to 1 Employers 1 Employers 1 Employers Employers Employers and 1 Employers 1 Employers 1 Employers All the regulations place the duty to make an
assess the self-employed assessment of risk on employers and the self-
2 Self-employed 2 Self-employed 2 Self-employed people to 2 Self-employed 2 Self-employed 2 Self-employed employed except:
risks? people people people ensure a people people people
competent Display Screen Regulations: There is no duty on the No significant differences except for the Display
person makes self-employed under the Regulations; and Screen Regulations, ie:
the assessment
The difference under the Display Screen Regulations
is significant; if you are self-employed you need not
undertake an analysis of work stations as required by
the Display Screen Regulations. However, you should
satisfy yourself that you have ensured 'so far as is
reasonably practicable', that you are not at risk from
display screen equipment.
Noise Regulations: The duty on employers/self- The difference under the Noise Regulations is not
employed is to ensure a competent person carries out significant. Every risk assessment should be carried
the risk assessment out by a person who is competent, to ensure the
assessment achieves its purpose. (You can carry out
the risk assessment yourself provided that you have
enough knowledge, experience and understanding of
health and safety matters.)
REGULATIONS
MANAGEMENT MANUAL PERSONAL HEALTH AND NOISE AT WORK CONTROL OF CONTROL OF CONTROL OF
OF HANDLING PROTECTIVE SAFETY REGULATIONS SUBSTANCES ASBESTOS AT LEAD AT WORK
HEALTH AND OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT (DISPLAY 1989 HAZARDOUS TO WORK REGULATIONS
SAFETY AT REGULATIONS AT SCREEN HEALTH REGULATIONS 1998
FEATURES WORK 1992 WORK EQUIPMENT) REGULATIONS 1987
DIFFERENCES IN REQUIREMENTS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS 1999
1999 1992 1992
1 Employees (at Manual Personal Workstations Employees and Employees and 1 Employees 1 Employees Assess the risks in relation to: The differences are significant. The risk to a person
Whose risk work) handling protective which: the self- the self- from the same hazard can be assessed in rather more
should be operations to be equipment employed employed liable 2 Self- 2 Self- (a) Employees - required by all regulations. detail depending on which of the regulations that
assessed? 2 Self-employed undertaken by (PPE) which an 1 are used by to be exposed employed employed person is covered by.
people (at work) employees or employer or employees who Any other to substances (b) Self-employed (ie self-assessment) - required by all
self-employed self-employed habitually use person at work hazardous to 3 Other people 3 Other people regulations except the Display Screen Regulations You must assess the risk from noise to your employees
3 People not in people person is display screen who may be health by any who may be who may be (employers have to assess the risk to the self- and others at work on the basis of the requirements of
employment required to equipment as a affected by the work affected by the affected by the employed under the Display Screen Regulations). the Noise Regulations, but for members of the public
who may face ensure is significant part employer's work activity work activity who are not covered by the Noise Regulations, you
risks arising out provided of their normal work Other people (c) Others who are affected by the process, such as could assess their risk on the basis of what is 'so far as
of or in work; or who may be other people at work, members of the public - not is reasonably practicable' under the Management
connection with affected by the required by the Manual Handling Regulations, Display Regulations.
the conduct by 2 have been employer's work Screen Regulations and PPE (the Noise Regulations
the employer or provided to are concerned only with other people at work, ie not You must assess the manual handling operations
self-employed operators (self- members of the public). undertaken by your employees, or the personal
person of his employed protective equipment they wear, or the display screen
undertaking people who equipment they use on the basis of the specific
habitually use regulations. But for anyone else affected, you need
display screen only consider what is 'so far as is reasonably
equipment as a practicable' under the Management Regulations.
significant part
of their normal
work)
What risks Risks to health Manual Risks to health Risks to health Exposure to Risks to health Exposure of Exposure of Each of the regulations requires risks from different The differences between regulations are significant in
and safety: handling and safety and safety to noise resulting from people to people to lead specific hazards to be assessed, except for the that they point to the different hazards to be covered.
should be operations which have not which users and work which asbestos Management Regulations which cover hazards in a
assessed? 1 to which which involve a been avoided operators are involves general way. The difference between the Management Regulations
employees and risk of injury by other means exposed in exposure to and the other regulations is significant in that hazards,
the self- (with regard to consequence of substances whether or not covered by the other regulations, will
employed are factors - task, Assessment using the hazardous to fall in any case under the Management Regulations.
exposed while load, working includes: workstations health
at work; and environment, 1 definition of However, it does not mean that you have to assess a
individual the character- Assessment hazard twice, once under the Management
2 to which third capability, other istics which the should include Regulations and once under the other regulations; one
parties are factors - listed PPE must have the steps that assessment is all that you need to do.
exposed arising in Schedule 1) in order to be need to be
out of or in effective against taken to comply The assessment under PPE is aimed at achieving a The differences are not significant. In practice you
connection with the risks (taking with other correct choice of equipment, ie assessing suitability of need to assess the suitability of control measures
the conduct of into account any requirements of the control measure rather than risk (though the risk identified in assessments under the Management
the undertaking risks which the the regulations from the equipment itself must be taken into account). Regulations to see whether they enable you to comply
equipment itself with legal requirements, and the same is true for
may create) Similarly, COSHH also requires an assessment of assessments under the other regulations.
suitability of the control measures to be adopted, in
2 comparison of addition to a risk assessment. In PPE, the assessment of risks 'not avoided by other
the character- means' should have been done previously under other
istics of the regulations, so as to reach the position where
PPE available personal protective equipment is deemed to be
with the necessary. Thus no additional risk assessment is
required required.
characteristics
How thorough Differences are not significant, and the terms used are
Suitable and Suitable and Suitable and Adequate Suitable and Adequate Suitable and Risk assessments are required to be either 'suitable
should your broadly synonymous. You need to ensure that all risk
sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient and sufficient' or 'adequate'.
assessment assessments are done well enough to achieve the
be? purpose stated in the regulations (see above).
REGULATIONS
MANAGEMENT MANUAL PERSONAL HEALTH AND NOISE AT WORK CONTROL OF CONTROL OF CONTROL OF
OF HANDLING PROTECTIVE SAFETY REGULATIONS SUBSTANCES ASBESTOS AT LEAD AT WORK
HEALTH AND OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT (DISPLAY 1989 HAZARDOUS TO WORK REGULATIONS
SAFETY AT REGULATIONS AT SCREEN HEALTH REGULATIONS 1998
FEATURES WORK 1992 WORK EQUIPMENT) REGULATIONS 1987
DIFFERENCES IN REQUIREMENTS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS 1999
1999 1992 1992
Make Assessment to Assessment to Assessment to Assessment to Assessment to PPE, COSHH, Asbestos Regulations and Lead Differences are not significant. All your assessments
When to assessment of be made before be made when be made before be made before be made before Regulations clearly require, and Noise Regulations, need to be done beforehand so that you can put the
assess all such manual choosing any any employee work begins work begins work begins Manual Handling Regulations imply, assessments control measures, as determined by your assessment,
handling personal or self- before the event. in place from the start.
operations to be protective employed
undertaken
equipment person is likely Management Regulations and Display Screen
which involve
risk of injury which has to be to be exposed Regulations make no explicit specification.
where it is not provided to the first
reasonably action level or
practicable to above or to the
avoid the need peak action
for employees level or above
or self-
employed
people to
undertake those
manual
handling
operations
Recording (a) If five or (a) After every No explicit No explicit No explicit (a) Only Management Regulations and Noise As the Management Regulations cover all risks,
more employees assessment recording recording recording Regulations have explicit requirements to record you must at least meet their record provision in all
the requirement but requirement but requirement but assessment. your assessments.
assessment (b) Significant (c) Record to be certain records certain records certain records
findings and any kept until a related to related to related to Noise Regulations - record of every assessment (a) The differences are significant. You have to meet
a) When? group of assessment to assessment to assessment to
further carried out; Management Regulations - record of the different requirements of the Noise Regulations if
employees be kept: be kept: be kept:
assessment is every assessment if five or more employed. they apply to the hazard you are assessing.
especially at risk
b) What? made (b) Health (b) Health (b) Health
record to be record to be record to be (b) Noise Regulations - 'adequate record', (b) Differences not significant. Your record of any
c) How long made relating to made relating to made relating to Management Regulations - 'significant findings'. assessment must contain significant findings to be
to be kept? each employee each employee each employee adequate.
exposed exposed exposed (c) Only Noise Regulations have an explicit
requirement for keeping records. (c) The differences are significant in that you must
(c) To be kept (c) To be kept (c) To be kept keep the records explicitly required but have a choice
for at least 40 for at least 40 for at least 40 otherwise.
years from last years from last years from last
entry entry entry
Reviewing Review Review Review Review Review Review Review No explicit 'Regularly' COSHH and Asbestos Regulations only. The requirement to review 'regularly' in the COSHH
assessment if: assessment if: assessment if: assessment if: assessment if: assessment: assessment: requirement but
the and Asbestos Regulations is a significant difference
1 regularly; and if 1 regularly; and if Management 'Suspect no longer valid' - all regulations. since, unlike the other provisions, it requires you to
assessment 1 reason to 1 reason to 1 reason to 1 reason to 1 reason to Regulations plan the review in advance.
suspect it is no suspect it is no suspect it is no suspect it is no suspect it is no 2 reason to 2 reason to requirements 'There has been a significant change' - all regulations.
longer valid longer valid longer valid longer valid longer valid suspect suspect apply
assessment is assessment is The other differences are not significant.
Though not explicitly specified in any of the
2 there has 2 there has 2 there has 2 there has 2 there has no longer valid no longer valid regulations, inspectors have the power to issue a
been a been a been a been a been a Notice requiring a review of any assessment if they
significant significant significant significant significant 3 there has 3 there has
been a been a have reasonable grounds to believe the other review
change change change change change
significant significant provisions are not being met.
change change
Changes to Changes to Changes to Changes to Changes to All regulations, except the Asbestos Regulations,
Changes to New require 'changes in the assessment to be made where
assessment to assessment to assessment to assessment to assessment to assessment to assessment
be made where be made where be made where be made where be made where be made where substituted required'. The Asbestos Regulations require a 'new
required required required required required required assessment substituted'.
Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive INDG218 03/02 C400