Doc.

No: PRO-1400-0000-001
Procedure for Hazard Identification,
Rev. 0 Page1 of 15
Risk Assessment and Risk
Management Date: 12 February 2015

Procedure for
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment
and Risk Management

Revision
Date Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by
No.
Wilson George,
0 Jacobus
12 February Mal Coates Lowther- QA/QC Manager
Nieuwenhuijze,
2015 Rolton Services JLT
Department Project Director
Heads/Managers/Leads
Wilson George,
Jacobus
25 November Mal Coates Lowther- QA/QC Manager
A Nieuwenhuijze,
2014 Rolton Services JLT Department Project Director
Heads/Managers/Leads
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1 PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................... 3
2 SCOPE........................................................................................................................... 3
3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3
4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 3
5 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................. 3
6 RESPONSIBILITIES....................................................................................................... 5
7 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES ........................................... 6
8 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE ...................................................... 6
7.1 Five Steps to Risk Assessment ...................................................................................... 6
7.2 Risk Matrix ..................................................................................................................... 6
7.3 Risk Assessment Using Checklists ................................................................................. 7
7.4 Risk Register / Risk Assessments .................................................................................. 7
7.5 Training to conduct risk assessments ............................................................................. 7
7.6 Inputs into the Risk Assessment Process ....................................................................... 7
7.7 Outputs of the Risk Assessment Process ....................................................................... 8
7.8 Determining that risk has been reduced ALARP ............................................................. 8
7.9 Risk Assessment Records .............................................................................................10
9 RISK MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................10
8.1 Reducing Risk ...............................................................................................................10
8.2 General Guide for Managing Risks ................................................................................10
8.3 Monitoring the effectiveness of risk management arrangements ...................................11
10 TYPICAL HAZARDS .....................................................................................................11
11 RISK MATRIX ...............................................................................................................15
12 FORMS .........................................................................................................................15
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1 PURPOSE
Duqm Refinery recognises that achieving the goals of the Health and Safety Policy first requires
an understanding of the risks of its activities during normal (e.g. operation of the plant),
abnormal (e.g. repair of equipment) and emergency situations.
This Procedure outlines the requirements for risk assessments. In addition to being a key
process in order to enable the Company to achieve the aims of its Health and Safety Policy, this
procedure is intended to comply with legislative requirements.
The Company aims to manage all reasonably foreseeable risks to as low as reasonably
practicable, as defined by the company Risk Matrix.

2 SCOPE
The Scope of this procedure extends to any facility under the direct or indirect control of Duqm
Refinery and its Contractors (engaged by Duqm Refinery to execute work on behalf of the
Company) irrespective of location. This scope also includes vendors, manufacturers and
transportation (land or sea) Contractors. The procedure will focus on the following;
 Relevant reference standards
 When risk assessments are required
 Key definitions to enable management and employees to understand important risk
assessment concepts
 Responsibilities
 How to conduct a risk assessment
 acceptable risk level
 Steps to be taken to eliminate hazards or otherwise reduce the risk
 Typical hazards to be considered when conducting risk assessments
3 INTRODUCTION
This Procedure is intended to ensure that personnel working for the Company participate in, or
understand, risk assessment processes relating to their work and arrangements for managing
risks to their health and safety.
4 REFERENCES
 Duqm Refinery Health & Safety Policy
 Duqm Refinery HSMS Procedures and associated forms
 Oman Labor Law
 Ministry of Manpower 2008, Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health for
Establishments Governed by the Labor Law
 OHSAS 18001:2007
5 DEFINITIONS
Acceptable Risk: Using the company Risk Assessment Matrix1 as a guide to severity and
frequency, the Company has determined that any risk in the Low / Green zone is acceptable
(value of 1-3).
ALARP: As Low As Reasonably Practicable: Risk has been reduced to ALARP if the effort
and/or expense of mitigating that risk become disproportionate to the benefit.

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Competence: A combination of skills, knowledge, education, training and aptitude which means
a person is able to perform an activity to an expected standard.
Consequence / Severity: The potential outcome of the hazardous event in terms of injury, ill-
health, damage or cost.
Controls: This procedure defines the controls established by Dqum Refinery for the
management and mitigation of risk. Addition risk controls may include but may not be limited to;
 Engineering of equipment to mitigate risks associated with ventilation, guarding, vibration,
noise and ergonomics.
 Design of equipment to ensure simultaneous operations and the operation of other
equipment has been assessed and mitigated.
 Process system reconfiguration where interface problems exist
 Training of employees who are to Supervise and execute the work
In all situations where additional risk controls are implemented such as those listed above they
shall be included in the risk and mitigation documentation that is compiled by members of the
task team and maintained at the work location for easy reference.
Elimination: Complete removal of a hazard.
Harm: Acute or chronic injury or ill-health to people.
Hazard: Source, situation or act (or combination of these) which has the potential to cause
harm. There are five broad categories of hazards – physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic
and psychological.
Hazard Effect: The potential effect of hazards on people.
Isolation/Segregation: Activities undertaken to isolate a hazard from impacting on people (e.g.
isolation procedures for low hanging cables, lock-out/tag-out, segregated storage areas)
Likelihood: The probability or potential frequency of a hazard being realized.
Operational safety: the condition of having acceptable risk to life, health, property, or
environment caused by a system or subsystem in an operational environment. This requires the
identification of hazards, assessment of risk, determination of mitigating measures, and
acceptance of residual risk
PPE: (Personal Protective Equipment): Equipment which is worn to protect the wearer from
immediate hazards.
Procedures/Administration: Working methods used to mitigate risks. These should only be
used where elimination, substitution and isolation have already been implemented, and are
often used to manage low risk activities being done by competent people.
Quantitative Assessment: Objective risk assessment conducted by specialists with results
expressed numerically or graphically, where probabilities are calculated for the likelihood of a
hazard being realized. These are addressed through Engineering and Design Processes.
Quantitative assessments may also be implemented for occupational health and safety hazards
such as noise, toxic substances, flammable gases / vapours and vibration,
Qualitative Assessment: A subjective method of assessment based on the judgement of
experienced and competent personnel, where risk is assigned a value of Low, Medium or High.
This is the type of risk assessment to be conducted for Duqm Refinery activities.
Reduction in Personnel / Time Exposure: Reducing the risks to workers by minimizing the
amount of time personnel are exposed to a hazard such as noise, repetitive motion, vibration,
heat, some chemical hazards, etc.
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Residual Risk: The risk that remains after all the identified control measures have been put in
place.
Risk: The result of the Hazard Consequence / Severity multiplied by the Likelihood of its
occurrence (whether of a single unwanted event leading to injury or ill-health, or of a chronic
exposure leading to ill-health).
Risk Assessment: A careful examination of anything in the workplace which could cause injury
or ill-health. The Risk Assessment should take into account the effectiveness of any existing
controls. If the risk is determined to be too high, action to reduce the risk must be taken.
Risk Reduction Hierarchy: A hierarchy of actions which must be undertaken to reduce risk to
ALARP. (Each term is explained later):
 Eliminate hazard
 Reduce or replace the hazard
 Prevent contact with the hazard
 Safe system of work (SSOW – procedures, training, warning signs, etc.)
 PPE
Substitute : Using a less hazardous material or work method in order to reduce risk.
Tolerable Risk: Using the company Risk Assessment Matrix2 as a guide to severity and
frequency, the Company has determined that any risk in the Moderate / Yellow zone is
acceptable (value of 4-6).
6 RESPONSIBILITIES
Management shall:
 Provide sufficient resources (manpower, material/equipment, finance) to ensure that the
risks to personnel can be reduced to ALARP.
 Only authorise work or projects when they are satisfied that the risk has been suitably
mitigated or controlled.
HSE Manager shall:
 Ensure suitable and sufficient assessment of risks to the health and safety of employees, or
any third parties affected by our work activities.
 Ensure that risk assessments are suitably recorded, reviewed and maintained.
 Provide training and guidance on conducting risk assessments.
 Train supervisors and workers in how to conduct risk assessments
 Verify risk assessments are suitable and sufficient
Supervisors shall:
 Ensure that risk assessments are conducted within their area of responsibility
 Maintain the hazard register
 Track corrective actions identified in risk assessments to closure
 Maintain records of risk assessments
 Ensure that risk assessments are reviewed as required.
 Provide appropriate information, instruction and training to ensure competence of
employees with regard to the risks to their health and safety.
Employees shall:
 Participate in risk assessments for their work activity or location

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 Understand the hazards and control measures associated with their work activity / location.
 Attend training as required
7 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES
Duqm will implement a variety of risk assessment methodologies throughout the life cycle of the
plant (design, construction, modification, operation, turnarounds, decommissioning). These
include but are not limited to;
 Addressing process safety issues through tools such as risk management assessments and
activities (eg. HAZOP, HAZID, Safety Case; Fault Tree Analysis);
 Implementation of inherent fail-safe designs (eg. asset integrity and reliability);
 Identification of key control measures and manage accountability;
 Inclusion of redundant processes to control both hardware, systems and procedures;
 Monitoring activities, management follow-up and close-out tracking systems.
These methodologies, their implementation, assessment, approval and monitoring are
implemented through Engineering, Design, Construction and Management of Change
processes and are documented separately by the relevant Refinery Department.

8 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE

7.1 Five Steps to Risk Assessment
Risk assessments are conducted on facilities / locations as well as activities. In each case, the
five-step approach should be used;
1. Identify the hazards (based on the five broad categories of hazards shown later
in this procedure)
2. Identify who / what could be injured or damaged and how. This step involves
estimating the level of risk. To do this, use the risk matrix to identify the effect of
the hazard and the likelihood or frequency of exposure. When taking into
consideration who could be harmed and how, human factors, behaviour and
individual susceptibility to harm are relevant. Does the value mean the risk is
high, medium or low?
3. Evaluate and control the risk-taking into consideration effectiveness of existing
controls, confirm whether the risk is low enough or whether additional controls
are needed. If more control is needed, follow the hierarchy of risk controls to find
ways to give more protection (section 8.1of this procedure).
4. Record the findings on the risk assessment form3and implement the new controls
if required.
5. Review and continuously monitor the risk assessment (risk assessments to be
reviewed at least every three years)

7.2 Risk Matrix

Duqm Risk Assessment Matrix (see Section 11), gives definitions of what constitute levels of
risk for Low, Medium and High and should be used to determine the acceptable level of risk
during the assessment.
Duqm Risk Assessment Form should be used to document the risk assessment.

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7.3 Risk Assessment Using Checklists

In some cases, the risk assessment may be completed by using an approved checklist and
identifying corrective actions to reduce risk without completing the risk assessment process.
Therefore, the Company has provided checklists for the following;
 Display screen equipment / workstation ergonomics
 Office facilities
 Lifting operations

7.4 Risk Register / Risk Assessments

A risk register has been developed for each work area. The purpose is to prioritise activities,
equipment, substances or locations for a more detailed risk assessment. The risk register
document will be reviewed and updated
 annually
 as a result of non-conformities or incidents
 change in location, equipment or facilities which changes the risks
 change in legislation which impacts risk assessments
Where the risk register has identified a High or Extreme Risk, a detailed risk assessment should
be documented and new controls implemented.

7.5 Training to conduct risk assessments

Risk assessment skills are critical to ensure achieve quality and consistency of results.
Therefore, all personnel taking part in risk assessment will be suitably trained. In implementing
this requirement, it is noted that we must take into consideration the diversity and competence
levels of the workforce.
Training will be completed to:
 Ensure that personnel can be involved in the risk assessment process.
 Drive awareness and increase personnel risk perception levels influencing behaviours.
 Communicate the workplace hazards and risks through participation.
 Ensure consistency of approach and understanding.
Training will consist of:
 The principles of risk assessment.
 When to conduct a risk assessment.
 How to conduct a risk assessment
 Hierarchy of risk controls
 Duqm risk assessment procedure and associated forms
 How to use the risk matrix to estimate and evaluate risk
 Requirements for team membership and competency of individuals.
 Responsibilities of team members.
Training will occur:
 Prior to involvement in Risk Assessment to provide an understanding of the process and
enable participation.
 Prior to becoming a Risk Assessment leader.

7.6 Inputs into the Risk Assessment Process

Typical inputs will include the following:
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 Reasonably foreseeable hazards / risks associated with the location, work environment and
work activities
 Legal and other requirements (what hazards are specifically required to be managed and
how)
 Information on incidents and accidents both within the company and in external
organisations with similar risk profiles.
 Non-conformances
 Management system audit results
 Communications / complaints from personnel and other interested parties
 Information from consultation with workers, review and improvement activities in
the workplace
 Information on industry practice, typical hazards related to Company activities,
incidents and accidents having occurred in similar organisations
 Existing health conditions of the workers involved (if relevant)
 Information on the facilities and activities of the company work sites. This may include :
 Site Plan(s)
 Information on hazardous materials (e.g. chemicals or waste products)
 Monitoring data (e.g. noise)
 Workplace environmental data

7.7 Outputs of the Risk Assessment Process

Outputs will include but not be limited to the following:
 Risk Register
 Estimation of the risks associated with the identified hazards and whether or not this is
acceptable to the Company objectives and actions to reduce identified risks and any follow-
up activities to monitor progress in their reduction
 Identification of the safe system of work, competency and training requirements to
implement the control measures as appropriate.

7.8 Determining that risk has been reduced ALARP

The Duqm Refinery Risk Assessment form and matrix are used to determine whether risk
without any further risk identification are ALARP. Participants in the risk assessment use their
experience, competence and knowledge to decide whether any further effort to reduce risk
would be disproportionate in terms of cost or effort. Once the risks have been mitigated or
eliminated the exposure to risk is assessed again using the risk matrix section of the form to
confirm the risk has been reduced to ALARP. The likelihood and frequency of the risks are
represented in numeric form on a scale of 1 to 5.
Tasks with a risk rating of 1-3 are considered Low Risk (Acceptable) and do not require the
formal completion of a risk assessment form.
Hazards and tasks on the hazard register should be assessed according to the Likelihood of the
incident or exposure and the Consequence of that incident or exposure in terms of human injury
or ill-health. The risk matrix can also be used to assess environmental impacts and business
risks including asset damage and reputation.
Tasks rated from 3-4 are considered to be Moderate / High risk and shall be documented on the
risk assessment form. If, after implementing the new controls the task is now considered a low
risk the task may proceed as normal.
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If the risk rating remains Moderate after the risk assessment process then it can proceed with
management approval. In some cases, the task will need to be controlled through the Permit to
Work system. Before the task starts, a Pre-job Safety Briefing / Tool Box Talk must be carried
out to verify that all personnel are aware of the risks and required controls.
Tasks with a rating of 15-25 are considered to be High (Tolerable, value of 8-12) or Extreme
Risk (Unacceptable, value of 15-25) and require completion of a detailed risk assessment. If the
risk rating remains High after the risk assessment process, the task must be further evaluated
and must not start without Senior Management approval.
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7.9 Risk Assessment Records

The company’s risk assessments are held on file at the relevant work location.
9 RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management is a continuous process of identification and assessment combined with
suitable and sufficient measures to prevent or reduce impact of undesirable outcomes.

8.1 Reducing Risk

A choice of actions, leading from the most effective to the least effective, which must be
undertaken to reduce risk to ALARP.
a) Eliminate hazard – completely remove the hazard, eliminate a task, change the
task to eliminate people from the process.
b) Reduce or replace hazard – change a hazardous substance for a less
hazardous one, reduce the time of exposure to a hazard, reduce the number of
people exposed to the hazard. Install detection systems which identify a
hazardous situation and initiate an alarm or shutdown.
c) Prevent contact with the hazard – keep workers away from the hazard by totally
enclosing the process, such as machine guards on equipment and machinery to
prevent people accessing moving parts, by stopping the movement before
access can be gained or with a physical barrier that keeps the person away from
the movement or source of energy. Use of permanent or temporary barriers,
such as on walkways at height or at the base of scaffolding to prevent it being
struck by vehicles or to prevent pedestrians walking underneath it.
d) Safe systems of work- ways of working to minimise risk. These include:
 Safe work procedures – methods of carrying out tasks safely
 Permit-to-work systems – formal written systems to control certain types of
work that are potentially hazardous. A permit to work specifies the work to be
done and the precautions to be taken and is typically used for high-risk tasks,
such as working with high-voltage electrical equipment, working in confined
spaces, hot work (welding or burning), and work at height.
 Safety rules – lists of ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’, such as ‘hearing protection must be
worn in this area’ or ‘in case of an emergency, phone…’.
 Training (whether classroom or on the job)
 Warning signs and reminders (such as “high noise area”, “slippery surface”)
e) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect people from specific risks
(e.g. respiratory protection when working with hazardous substances) and
general risks (e.g. hearing protection in noisy areas). The Company PPE
requirements are listed in the PPE Procedure.

8.2 General Guide for Managing Risks

As a general guide, the following arrangements can be implemented for managing risks;
 Risks which are high consequence, and high likelihood: Implement additional controls and
active monitoring, through supervision, behavioral safety program’s.
 Risks which are low likelihood but high consequence: Emergency planning, based on
credible scenarios for the work location and work activity.
 Risks which are high likelihood but low consequence: Workplace rules such as hold the
handrail, good housekeeping, etc.
 Risks which are low likelihood and low consequence: Regular reviewing, such as monthly
inspections.
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8.3 Monitoring the effectiveness of risk management arrangements

The Company monitors the effectiveness of risk management arrangements proactively
through the audit/inspection program and reactively through incident reporting.
10 TYPICAL HAZARDS
Below is a list of typical hazards to be considered during risk assessments.
Hazard
Physical hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
Sharp edge Cuts / lacerations 3
Slip / trip / fall – bruise, fractured
Obstacles / obstructions 2
bones, etc.
Fall from height>2m Severe Injury / fatality 4-5
Slippery surfaces (spillages) Slip / fall – bruise, fracture 2
Fall from height <2m Minor injury 2
Dropped objects Bruises, broken bones, etc. 3
Moving parts – rotating Lacerations, amputation, crushed
3-4
equipment, etc. bones
Entanglement – clothing /
jewellery / hair caught in moving Cuts, crushes, amputation. 3-4
parts
Rings caught on hooks, De-gloving – skin and flesh stripped off
4
handrails, etc. the bone
Primary hazard : Impact / force of the
released energy leading to injury / 4-5
Pressure death
Secondary hazard : fall / impact on
3-4
solid objects
Pressure - ejection of fluids / Puncture wounds 2-3
particles Eye injury 3
Stored energy – sudden release
Impact injuries – broken bones, etc. 3
(e.g. in springs, cables, etc.)
High velocity flying particles –
Skin injuries / eye injuries 3
dust, metal shavings, grit, etc.
Pinches / nips – two hard edges
Pinched skin / flesh – cuts, bruises 2
coming together
Guillotine – two hard or sharp
Laceration, amputation 4
edges sliding past each other
Burns, electrical shock, electrocution,
Electricity / electrical current 4-5
fire
Arcing, internal injuries,
High voltage electricity 4-5
dismemberment, death
Caught between moving /
stationary objects – during
Crush, severe injuries, death 4-5
transportation operations (e.g.
forklift, trucks, etc.)
Caught between moving /
stationary objects – during lifting Crush, severe injuries, death 4-5
operations
Dropped loads Crush, severe injuries, death 4-5
Fire / explosion – source of Burns, impact injury, death 4-5
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Hazard
Physical hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
ignition in flammable / explosive
atmosphere – hot work
Fire / explosion – source of
ignition in flammable / explosive
atmosphere - static discharge
Ionising Radiation – radioactive Depends on energy source, duration
sources – alpha, beta, gamma, and frequency of the exposure - 2-4
x-ray systemic effects on human body
Non-ionising Radiation – ultra-
Eye disease / cataracts 3
violet (from sunlight)
Non-ionising Radiation – ultra-
Arc eye / eye disease / cataracts 3
violet (from welding)
Acute: Scald, burn, blister
Temperature extremes – very hot
Chronic: heat stress / exhaustion
or very cold surfaces or working 3
leading to fatigue, ill-health and
conditions
potential for death.
Primary effect: Hearing threshold shift
3
(long-term damage).
Noise above 85dB(A) for more
Secondary effect : poor
than 8 hours
communication leading to human 2
failure, stress
Primary effect: Pain. Temporary or
permanent deafness. Tinnitus - 3
leading to stress and depression.
Noise at or above 97dB for very
Secondary effect: poor
short time (minutes)
communication leading to human
3
failure; failure to hear warning alarms
or instructions.
Diminished reactions, illness, brain
Lack of oxygen 4-5
damage, death
Violence Stress, injury, death 4-5
Poor road conditions Vehicle overturn / crash leading to
4-5
Excessive speed injury

Hazard
Ergonomic hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
Cumulative trauma disorder, repetitive
Repetitive motion / movements 3
strain injury, disability
Back / neck ache, circulation problems,
Static posture 2
fatigue
Awkward posture Circulatory problems, pain, tingling, etc. 2
Mechanical obstruction (e.g.
hard edge of desk or work Circulatory problems, pain, tingling, etc. 2
bench)
Hazardous manual handling
such as Exertion: strains, sprains, pain,
backache, slipped disks, etc.
 Lifting more than 25kg 3-4
Dropped loads : crushes, fractures,
 lifting and twisting
etc.
 bending
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 lifting or holding above

shoulder height
 awkward loads (e.g. no
handles / grip / uneven
centre of gravity)
Numbness, tingling, feeling of ill health,
fatigue, can lead to permanent tissue
Vibration 3
damage; work related upper limb
disorders, hand-arm vibration syndrome
Fatigue, heat stress, heat exhaustion,
leading to ill health and potential for
Heat, humidity 3
human failure through diminished
reactions, etc.
Primary effect : glare / eye strain /
potential to induce seizure (strobe 2
Inadequate, excessive or effect)
incorrect lighting Secondary effect: failure to identify
other hazards through darkness, veiling 2
or strobe effect
Human factors engineering –
Potential to lead to human failure,
inadequate design / controls / 3
resulting in accident and injuries
man-machine interface

Hazard
Chemical hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
Burns, disfigurement, asphyxiation
Acid 4
(vapour)
Burns, disfigurement, asphyxiation
3
Alkali (vapour)
Allergic reactions (dermatitis, etc.) 3
Local or systemic effects; allergic
Inhalable dusts (from 10 – 100
reactions (e.g. asthma), lung disease, 3-4
microns)
permanent disability, early death
Local or systemic effects; Lung
Respirable dusts (smaller than
disease, permanent disability, early 3-4
7 microns)
death
Respirable fibres (e.g. Lung disease, permanent disability,
3-4
asbestos) early death
Temporary or permanent ill-health.
Poison / Toxins (man-made) 4-5
Death.
Toxic atmosphere (e.g. H2S) 4-5
Acute effect : Irritation, respiratory
Above STEL (15 minute limit) 2-3
reaction, burns
Chronic effect : dermatitis, industrial
Above LTEL (8 hour limit) 3-4
asthma, pneumonia
At or above IDLH Asphyxiation, brain damage, fatality 4-5
Nausea, headaches, fatigue, lung
Welding fumes disease, diseases of the central 3
nervous system
Vapours – hydrocarbon, Narcosis – drowsiness, dizziness,
3
solvents, etc. fatigue, confusion, leading to human
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Hazard
Chemical hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
failure. Potential for dependency /
substance abuse.
Vapours, gases, dusts in
ignitable concentrations (refer to Fire / explosion 4-5
Classified Areas)
Irritants Acute reaction such as itching, burning 2
Acute or chronic reactions. Harmful
Harmful substances often target specific organs 3
or body systems.

Hazard
Biological hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
Bacteria (e.g. e.coli, salmonella, Illness, vomiting, diarrhoea, lung
3
staphylococci, legionella) disease, etc.
Virus (common cold, ‘flu, swine Illness, disease (contagious between
3
flu, etc.) humans)
Potential for illness, disease (may be
Virus - H5N1, SARS, MERS, 3
contagious between humans)
Virus – Blood-borne pathogens, Illness, disease, social stigma, etc.
4
hepatitis, HIV/AIDS Ebola (contagious between humans)
Funghi (moulds, spores, etc.) Illness (e.g. asthma) 3
Toxins from bites (insect, snake,
Illness, possible allergic reaction 3-4
scorpion

Hazard
Psychological hazard Hazard effect / potential to result in
Severity
Stress Diminished responses; human failure 3
Violence (or threat of violence) (errors, mistakes); reduced 3
performance. Stress can also lead to
physical effects such as hypertension,
Phobias / fears 3
headaches, diabetes and behavioural
change
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11 RISK MATRIX

Duqm

Risk Assessment Matrix

Impact area severity of consequences

Serious
injuries
requiring off-
Minor injury or site treatment
illness requiring by medical
Slight injury / first
medical intervention practitioner or
aid - not affecting
(Medical Treatment immediate
People performance or Single fatality Multiple fatalities
or Restricted Work - evacuation to
causing disability
employee unable to hospital.
- treated on site
continue to perform Potential long-
normal duties) term or
permanently
disabling
effects.
Production
Loss or delay Loss of licence to
Loss or delay up to loss or delay
Production loss No loss from one week operate or to produce
one week over one
to one month indefinitely.
month
Total cost of impact
(fines, OR50,000- OR500,000-
<OR 5000 OR5,000-OR50,000 >OR10M
compensation, OR500,000 OR10M
damage)
Temporary Uncontrolled
Catastrophic impact
nuisance (noise / emissions / Major impact.
due to uncontained
odour). Impact limited to visual impact External
Environment release, fire or
Significant non- immediate work area at significant assistance
explosion with
hazardous waste nuisance required.
detrimental effects.
volumes. levels.
local impact - local business
international impact -
slight local impact - company impact - loss
Company reputation no impact cancellation of existing
complaints received mentioned in of future
contracts
the media orders
Likelihood /
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
frequency
Frequent - common
occurrence - several F5 moderate high extreme extreme extreme
times a month
Often - happens
several times a year F4 moderate high high extreme extreme
in the company
Likely - has occurred
more than once in F3 low moderate high high extreme
the company
Possible - has
occurred in the F2 low moderate moderate high high
industry
Rare - has never
happened in the F1 low low low moderate moderate
industry

12 FORMS
FRM-1400-0000-001-01 Risk Assessment Form
FRM-1400-0000-001-02 Risk Matrix