Class 6 Science: Shah Series
Class 6 Science: Shah Series
MS
th
CLASS 6 SCIENCE
ONE LINER NOTES
MUBASIR SHAH
Compiled
&
by
ESHAAL SHEHXADI
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SHAH SERIES
Mubasir shah 6th Class Science
1. Microscope is an instrument which helps 17. Cytoplasm fills the space between
us to see very small things which are not nucleus and cell membrane.
visible to the naked eye.
18. Mitochondria is the power house of cell.
2. Ocular lens or eye piece magnifies the
19. Mitochondria involves in energy
image many times.
production.
3. Body tube of microscope maintains the
20. Vacuole is sac like structure which store
distance between eye piece and objective
waste materials for some time before
lens.
removes from body.
4. Objective lenses are magnifying power
21. Nucleus controls all activities of the cell.
lenses found in low power to high power.
22. Animal cell has two centrioles which are
5. Diaphragm of microscope controls the
involved in cell division.
amount of light.
23. Plant cell has chloroplast which contains
6. Cell is the building block of life.
green pigment called chlorophyll help in
7. Cell is the unit of structure and function of photosynthesis.
all living things.
24. Bacterium divides in every 20 minutes.
8. Every part of the body has its own type of
25. Plant cell have on large vacuole but
cells. For example, in plants, conducting
animal cell have many small vacuoles.
cells are different from photosynthetic cells.
26. Plant cell have no centriole.
9. Outermost covering of plant cell have cell
wall. 27. Plant cell have nucleus at one side but
animal cell have nucleus in center of cell.
10. Cell wall is hard and protect cell.
28. Organism made of one cell is called
11. Outer most cover in animal cell is cell
unicellular; those with many cells are called
membrane or plasma membrane.
multicellular organisms.
12. Animal cell have no cell wall.
29. Unicellular organisms are amoeba,
13. Cell membrane is present under cell wall paramecium, euglena, clymadomonas etc.
in plant calls.
30. Microscope can help to see amoeba
14. Cell membrane is a living membrane. clearly.
15. Cell membrane controls the movements 31. These cells which perform the same
of materials in and out of the cell. function combine together to form tissue.
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42. Nose, windpipe and lungs make 13. Sclerotic layer bulges in front to form
respiratory system. thin and transparent structure called cornea.
45. Brain control the body just like nucleus 16. Behind pupil lens is present.
control the activity of cells.
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18. Choroid is the middle layer of eye and 34. Sensory nerves carry sound waves from
black in color. cochlea towards brain.
19. Retina is the innermost layer of eye. 35. Vibration of ear drum is due to sound
waves.
20. In eye sensory cells are located on retina.
36. Inner ear help in maintaining balance of
21. Image is formed on retina. body.
22. Light from external object passes to the 37. Auditory nerves carry sound waves to
retina thus the image of object is formed on brain.
retina.
38. Senses of touch and temperature e are
23. This image is upside down and smaller present in skin.
than the object.
39. Skin has touch and temp sensitive cells
24. In the brain the upside down image of the which are connected to the brain by nerves.
object is made upright.
40. These touch cells feels the sensation of
25. Ear is the organ of hearing. hot, cold, hard, soft, rough or smooth.
26. Hearing is helped by auditory nerve. 41. the most sensitive parts of body are
27. Ear consists of: hands, lips, face, neck, feet, tongue and
A. Outer ear fingertips.
B. Middle ear 42. There are 100 touch receptors in each
C. Inner ear fingertip.
28. Outer ear consists of pinna and a canal. 43. Nose can tell difference between 4000-
29. Pinna catches the sound waves and sends 10,000 smells.
it to canal. 44. Tongue is fleshy and attach to mouth
30. The inner opening of this canal is closed cavity.
by a membrane called ear drum. 45. Taste is the weakest of five senses.
31. Middle ear has three bones which are 46. Taste buds responsible for sweet are
small carry sound waves from the ear drum present at tip of tongue.
to inner ear.
47. Taste buds responsible for bitter are at
32. Inner ear consists of three semicircular the back of tongue.
canals and coiled structure called cochlea.
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48. Taste buds for sour and salty are at sides 9. Mesophyll cells contain chlorophyll.
of tongue.
10. The small pores or opening in leaves that
49. We have almost 10,000 taste buds. take in the carbon dioxide is called stomata.
50. Sensation of smell is detected by cells 11. Low light intensity lowers the rate of
present in nasal chamber. photosynthesis.
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6. In an environment plants are regarded as gets its nourishment from its tissue or harms
producers. it.
7. Elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, 19. The organism on or in which parasite
nitrogen and magnesium are needed for the lives is called host.
preparation of chlorophyll.
20. The relation between parasite and host is
8. Bacteria that live in the root of legumes called parasitism.
enter roots through root hairs. These bacteria
help in the formation nodules in the root and 21. One of the example of parasites on
bacteria get food from plants and in turn also human is tapeworm.
fix atmospheric nitrogen into a useable form 22. In mutualism, both the partners are
for the plants. mutually benefited and none of them is
9. Rainforest are those environment which harmed. For example, in the digestive tract
have abundant rainfall, climate is warm and of cow bacteria find food and shelter while
humid. Cold period is missing. helping in digestion. In our intestine bacteria
synthesize vitamin for us.
10. These forest make dense vegetation.
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9. About 118 elements are discovered so far, 21. Aluminum is used in bodies of aero
out of which 92 are found in nature the planes.
remaining are manmade.
22. Phosphorus is used in matches.
10. Short name of an element is called
symbol. 23. Mercury used in barometer and
thermometer.
11. At room temperature some elements
exists in solid form e.g. silver and copper, 24. A compound is a matter which is made
some are liquids e.g. bromine and mercury, up of two or more elements in fixed ratios.
some are gases e.g. oxygen and hydrogen. For example water.
12. Elements are classified into 25. Molecules are building blocks of
A. Metals compounds.
B. Nonmetals 26. Na²CO³ is washing soda.
13. Examples of metals are zinc, tin, 27. NaHCO³ is baking soda.
platinum, gold, silver, iron.
28. Potassium nitrate used as fertilizer.
14. Metals are solid at room temperature
except mercury. 29. Calcium hydroxide is used in calcium
industry.
15. Metals have high density, luster,
malleable, ductile, good conductors, high 30. Potassium permanganate is used as
melting and boiling points. disinfectant.
16. Examples of nonmetals are sulpher, 31. Magnesium chloride used for filling
hydrogen, carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, teeth.
phosphorus.
32. Bleaching powder used as disinfectant
17. Nonmetals are mostly solid or gases and sterilization of water.
except bromine.
33. Compound represented by chemical
18. Nonmetals have low density, dull formula.
surfaces, nonmalleable, non-ductile, low
34. The impure form of matter is called
melting boiling points, bad conductor of heat
mixture.
and electricity except graphite.
35. When two or more elements or
compounds are physically mixed together in
19. Hydrogen is used for filling weather
any proportion is called mixture.
balloons.
36. Compound can be separated by chemical
20. Magnesium powder is used in flash light.
methods.
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16. Gaseous carbon dioxide upon cooling (to 7. The mixture in which solute particles are
-78.5C°) directly becomes solid called dry not completely dissolved and are visible
ice and used as a refrigerant. naked eyes is called suspension.
17. Carbon dioxide used in urea fertilizers. 8. Less attraction between solute and solvent
make dissolved solution. For example water
18. Hydrogen is light gas. and plastic particles.
19. Nobel gases are inactive therefore also 9. Mote attraction between solvent and
called inert gases. solute make dissolved solution. For example,
20. Argon is the most abundant. water and salt.
21. Argon used for filling electric bulbs. 10. The solution in which water is taken as
solvent is called aqueous solution. For
22. Helium is used along oxygen for example solution of sodium chloride in
artificial respiration by sea divers. water, ethanol and co2 dissolved in water.
23. Neon is used in special electric bulbs 11. The term aqua is a Latin word.
called neon sign tubes or neon sign boards.
12. Water covers 2/3 of the earth.
24. Helium and hydrogen also used in filling
balloons. 13. The amount of solute dissolved in known
amount of solvent or solution is said to be
concentration of solution.
Chapter 7
1. A homogenous mixture of two or more
14. Dilute solution means that there is
things is called solution.
relatively small amount of solute in the
2. Sodium chloride is soluble in water. solvent.
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18. After the addition of enough solute to the 10. Light can travel in vacuum with a speed
solvent the solute particles settle down at the of 3✖10 power eight m/s.
bottom such solution is saturated.
11. Nothing can travel faster than light.
19. Solubility of a solute is the amount of
that solute in grams required to form a 12. Our ears can detect sound in the
saturated solution in 100 grams of solvent at frequency range of 20Hz to 20,000Hz.
a specific temperature.
13. One form of energy can be converted to
20. The solubility of some substances like another form.
sugar increase with temperature.
14. When current passes through heater, it
21. Blood is an example of suspension. converts electrical energy into heat energy.
7. Sound and light is also forms of energies. 21. Kinetic energy has been dissipated
through friction.
8. Something that flows from the hotter body
to the colder body till the temperature of two 22. In radio, electrical energy is converted
bodies become equal is called heat. into sound energy.
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24. An energy resource that is not replaced 7. With the help of moveable pulleys we can
or replaced slowly only by natural processes raise double load as compared to fixed
are called nonrenewable resources such as pulleys.
fossil fuels, oil, natural gas and coal.
8. Wheels with teeth around them are called
25. Food possesses chemical energy. gears.
26. 1-2 year’s individual requires 1200K
calories. 9. A gear is a round wheel which has teeth
that mesh with other gear teeth.
27. 4-6years individual requires 1600
Kcalories. 10. Gear can transmit force to another gear.
11. The diameter of wheel is greater then the
28. 7-10 years requires 2000Kcalories.
diameter of axle.
29. 11-12 year’s individual requires 2500
Calories. 12. Common examples of gears are hand
drill, wind up clocks and bicycle chains.
Chapter 9
13. When an engine drives the shaft of gear
1. There are 6 types of simple machine. (a) in a clockwise direction, gear (b) and the
Pulley, lever, inclined plane, wheel and axle, load attached to the shaft of the gear (b) will
screw and wedge. be driven in an anticlock wise direction.
2. A pulley is simple machine used to lift 14. Crane is a machine used for moving
objects. heavy objects both horizontally and
vertically.
3. Two types of pulleys are
A. Fixed pulleys 15. Crane uses pulleys and gears system to
B. Moveable pulleys raise or lower materials and to move them
horizontally.
4. A simple pulley hung on a suitable
support with a rope passing its groove. Here 16. Crane ranges in capacity from few
pulley is fixed to its position. Such type is hundreds kilograms to several hundred tons.
called fixed pulley.
17. The bicycle has a system of gears' wheel
5. In moveable pulley, one end of the rope is and pulleys.
fastened with a rigid support, effort is
applied on the other end of the rope and the
load which is lifted is attached to the block
of pulley.
6. A flag pole is an example of fixed pully.
3. A collection of rays is called beam. 13. The laws of reflection were first
described by Ibn el haitham.
4. A beam is represented by a bundle of rays
which can be parallel, convergent or 14. There are two types of reflection.
divergent.
15. When parallel rays of light strike smooth
5. Light transmission is the percentage of and shinning surface most of the rays are
incident light that passes through a material reflected with the same angle as that of angle
like air, water and clear glass are called of incidence is called regular reflection.
transparent.
16. When parallel rays of light strike rough
6. When light strikes translucent materials, and irregular surface then the reflected rays
only some of the light passes through them. are scattered in different directions is called
Examples are frosted glass and some plastic diffused orirregular reflection.
materials.
17. Non luminous objects e.g. moon can be
7. Opaque object is neither translucent nor seen due to irregular reflection.
transparent.
18. The surfaces on which regular reflection
8. When light passes from opaque objects occur is called smooth surfaces. Examples
none of the light passes through them. are plane mirror, still water.
Wood, stone and metals are opaque.
19. The surfaces which give diffused
9. Color is the visual effect that is caused by reflection are known as rough or irregular
the spectral composition of the light emitted, surfaces. Examples are wall, paper, cloth,
transmitted, or reflected by objects. cardboard.
10. When rays of light travelling in one 20. Plane mirror is a mirror which has
medium are incident on the boundary of polished surface, with a coating of silver or
another medium they bounce back. It is aluminum on one side.
known as reflection of light.
21. Image seems to be as far behind the
11. Reflection enables us to see objects. mirror as object is in in front of it. Image is
found to be of same size, virtual, upright and 31. A mirror is an object that reflects light.
laterally inverted.
32. The spherical mirror whose shining
22. A pinhole camera work on the principle surfaces curved inwards.
that light travels in a straight line.
33. Concave mirror has the capability to
23. Pinhole camera is an empty box having coverage a parallel beam of light falling on
small hole in the middle of one side and it.
translucent screen at the opposite side of
box. 34. If the object is placed at the center of
curvature of a concave mirror the image
24. A small pinhole will give sharp image formed is real, inverted and of the same size
while large pinhole will give blurred image. as the object.
25. Pinhole camera image found to be real 35. Image formed in the convex mirror is
one, inverted, upside down, image has same always smaller ' upright and virtual.
color that of object, size of image depend on
the position of object. 36. Image formed by plane mirror is laterally
inverted ' virtual and of same size.
26. Periscope is used to watch the object on
other side of the barrier. 37. Concave mirror has the capability to
converge a parallel beam of light.
27. A simple periscope can be constructed by
using two plane mirrors at 38. Convex mirror has the capability to
angle of 45° in a tube. diverge a parallel beam of light.
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
1. Sound is produced by vibrating body. 1. Object that revolves around planet is
called satellite.
2. Sound is also a form of energy. 2. There are two types of satellite.
A. Artificial satellite
3. Sound travels as longitudinal waves. B. Natural satellite
4. Hearing take place when vibrations of 3. Natural satellite has asteroids, comets,
frequencies range from 20Hz to 20,000Hz. meteors.
4. In astronomy, a celestial body that
5. Sound waves cannot pass through revolves around a planet is called natural
vacuum. satellites. The best known natural satellite is
earth’s moon.
6. A sound wave is a series of alternate
increase and decrease of air pressure. This 5. An object launched into orbit by man is
increase and decrease of air pressure is called called artificial satellite. It revolves around
compression or rarefaction. earth or other planets.
8. The speed of sound in a given medium is 7. Artificial satellite play key role in
defined as the distance covered by sound in communication, military intelligence, and in
unit time. the scientific study of earth.
9. Speed of sound in dry sea level air at a 8. Asteroids are rocky bodies of different
temperature of 0°C is 332km/s. sizes moves in elliptical orbits.
10. Speed of sound increase when 9. There are about 100,000 asteroids.
temperature increases.
11. Speed of sound at 20°C is 340m/s. 10. Only Vesta, asteroid is seen without
telescope.
12. Sound moves faster in solid, liquids than 11. Comets are small, icy celestial bodies
gases. revolving around sun.
13. Speed of sound in water is 1525 m/s.
12. Halleys comet is a ball of ice and dust
14. Speed of sound in iron is 5130m/s. revolving around sun.
15. Human ear has three distinct parts. 13. Halleys comet is seen from the earth
once about every 76 years. Its next