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Lab 9 15F8418

The document is a lab manual for analyzing stability of systems using root locus. It provides instructions for an experiment to draw root locus plots in MATLAB and analyze the stability of systems based on the location of roots. The document includes an example of analyzing a unity feedback system. It provides the transfer function and shows the root locus plot and step response. Finally, it lists questions to draw root locus plots and step responses for additional transfer functions and determine the range of stability based on the root locus and theoretical analysis.

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Talha Ahsan
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39 views13 pages

Lab 9 15F8418

The document is a lab manual for analyzing stability of systems using root locus. It provides instructions for an experiment to draw root locus plots in MATLAB and analyze the stability of systems based on the location of roots. The document includes an example of analyzing a unity feedback system. It provides the transfer function and shows the root locus plot and step response. Finally, it lists questions to draw root locus plots and step responses for additional transfer functions and determine the range of stability based on the root locus and theoretical analysis.

Uploaded by

Talha Ahsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

EXPERIMENT 9 Date Perform:11/11/2020

To Analyze the Stability of System Using Root Locus

Objective: To Analyze the Stability of System Using Root Locus


 To draw the Root Locus for given system using MATLAB
 To analyze the stability of the system from the Root Locus
Apparatus:
 Computer with installed MATLAB software
Theory:

Through the systematic formulation of set of rules of the root locus, we look for the
clearest and simplest explanation of the dynamic phenomena of the system. The rules of the root
locus give us a clear and precise understanding of the endless patterns that can be created by an
infinite set of characteristic equations. We could eventually learn to design without these rules,
but our level of skill would never be as high or our understanding as great. This is true of other
analysis techniques also such as Bode plots, Nyquist plots, Nichols charts, and so on, covered
later in the course.

MATLAB allows root locus for the characteristic equation

1 + G(s) H(s) = 0

If all the roots of the characteristic equation exist to the left half of the ‘s’ plane, then the control
system is stable. If at least one root of the characteristic equation exists to the right half of the ‘s’
plane, then the control system is unstable. We have to find the roots of the characteristic equation
to know whether the control system is stable or unstable. But, it is difficult to find the roots of
the characteristic equation as order increases. The root locus is a graphical representation in s-
domain and it is symmetrical about the real axis. Because the open loop poles and zeros exist in
the s-domain having the values either as real or as complex conjugate pairs. So, root locus
analysis is a graphical method for examining how the roots of a system change with variation of
a certain system parameter, commonly a gain within a feedback system
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

Example # 6.1: Consider the unity feedback close loop system below in Fig 7.1.

K
Where; G(s) =
s (s +1)( s +2)

The close loop transfer function for the given system is;

G( s)
T(s) =
1+ G(s)

Fig 7.1: Close Loop System

s = tf('s');
H=1;
K=1;
G = 1/(s*(s+1)*(s+2))
rlocus(G*H*K)
T = feedback(G*K,H)
figure
step(T)

Clicking at the point of intersection of the root locus with the imaginary axis gives the data
shown in Fig. We find that the closed-loop system is stable for K < 6; and unstable for K > 6.
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

Fig 1: Root Locus Plot

Fig 2: Step Response for K = 1

Lab Exercise

Question # 7.1:
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

Given a unity feedback system that has the forward transfer function

K
1. G ( s )=
s (s+3)
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

K
2. G(s) = s (s +4 )(s +8)
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

K (s+5)
3. G ( s )=
s (s+2)(s +3)
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

K ( s−2)(s−4)
4. G ( s )=
s2 +6 s+25
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

Draw the root locus and step response of following transfer functions using MATLAB and find
the range of gain K where the system is stable using both root locus and theoretical analysis.

CL0 Score→ Beginning


Statement↓ Exemplary (5) Proficient (4) Developing (3) Novice (1)
(2)

To comprehend
the theoretical
Correctly With minor Partially Poorly
basis for Doesn’t
1 analyzing the
answers all the mistakes answers answers the answers the
answer
questions all the questions questions questions
given control
systems

To Follow the Correctly Applies


Correctly applies Applies
given instructions applies MATLAB
MATLAB MATLAB Can’t
to MATLAB commands
2 Build models of commands to
commands with commands to
with help to
complete
little help to complete some any task
physical systems complete all complete
complete all tasks tasks
using MATLAB tasks some tasks
Lab Manual of ‘FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS’

CLO Marks Obtained

Instructor’s Signatures: __________________________

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