Assignment 2 : Language-related Task

Part 1: Grammar
Example 1: When I arrived at the cinema, the film had started.

Meaning
Two actions have happened in this sentence. Both of them have taken place in the past. In order
to show which action occurred first and which one occurred second, we can use past perfect. We
can also use past perfect to show that an action has taken place before a particular time in the
past.

Concept Questions (CQs):

Are we talking about the past? [Yes]
Did the both actions occur at the same time? [No]
Did the film start? [Yes]
Which action happened second? [I arrived at the cinema.]

Past [ film started]--[ I arrived at the cinema ] Now Future

(9.00 P.M) (9.30 P.M)
Teaching Context: in the airport or train station (when I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken
off), in the party (When I arrived at the party, Ben had already left).

Form
had + past participle
Subject + had + past participle

Pronunciation
The auxiliary “had”, has two patterns for stress:
The film had started.
strong form / hæd / weak form/həd/
We use weak form. .
Stress:on the main verb (started)
Anticipated problems and solutions:
1-Problem: Students may not pay attention to this point that the verb “had” has two different functions: one-
as an auxiliary verb 2- as a lexical verb.
Solution: Apply some handouts about the usage of “have and had” in simple sentences. For example, I have a
car. I had a car. Drawing a timeline to show the time of occurrence two actions.
2-Problem: Students may have a problem with the form of lexical verb that is used after “Had”.
Solution: In order to show the forms of a verb, it is necessary to write these forms on the board or to show
them through a picture by means of OH. Doing some controlled- exercises can be helpful. Ask some questions
randomly.
3-Problem: Students may put stress on the whole of a sentence. “The film had started.”
Solution: We should write the stress pattern of simple sentences on the board then by means of a red marker
underline the important part of the sentences.
References
1- Hewing, M.2005. Advanced Grammar in use: Cambridge University Press.
2- Frank, M.1986. Modern English: Prentice Hall.

Part 2: Vocabulary
Example 2: He gave up smoking.

Meaning:
It means that you want to stop doing something or to stop trying something; you want to release
somebody or to offer yourself to be captured. Another meaning is to devote yourself to do
something.
It means that you have quitted a bad habit(smoking). In other words, you used to smoke but you
stopped.

Concept Questions (CQS)

1- Did he smoke in the past?[Yes]
2- Did he smoke regularly or one time? [regularly.]
3- Does he smoke now?[No]

Teaching Context: Teaching Context: stopping bad habits (eating fast food) [you should give
up eating fast food.]
Form:
Gave up is the past form of the phrasal verb “Give up”. it is always followed by a gerund as an
object of preposition.
verb + particle (preposition or adverb)

Pronunciation
gave up
|geɪv ʌp|
Stress: the stress in on the first syllable.
Linking: gave + up

Anticipated problems and solutions:

Problem 1: Students may not know that after any preposition we must use –ing form of
the verb.
Solution: In such situations, explaining the definition, function of preposition and the forms of
a verb that come after the preposition, is important.
I will present some examples and elicit from the students the form that follows the preposition.
Then I can use a multiple choice question.
He gave up……….
a)smoke b)smoking c)to smoke d)smoked

Problem 2: Students may think that “give up” has the same meaning of “let go”.
Solution: In this case, we should define the meaning of these verbs. “Let go” means you want
to expand something but “give up” means you restrict sth.
CCQs to check understanding the meaning.
References:
Online Advanced Oxford Dictionary.

Example 3: I should have studied harder.

Meaning:
When we want to talk about something we regret and feel sorry about because it did not happen
in the past.

Concept Questions (CQs):

1- Is it about the present or the past? [Past]
2- Did you study hard or not? [No]
3- Do you regret it? [Yes]
Teaching Context:
In final exams, I did not get good marks (I should have studied more.)

Form
S + should + have + past participle
I should have studied harder.

Pronunciation:
For this part, we can use short form “should’ve” instead of “should have” and then its
pronunciation is:
Should have should’ve I should’ve studied harder.
- /ʃʊdəv / aɪ ˈʃʊdəv ˈstʌdɪd ˈhɑːdə.
The stress is on (studied). There is elision between ‘should and have’ and a silent /l/.

Anticipated problems and solutions:

1-Problem: the students may not know that in the short form of “should‘ve” we have elision.
Solution: I will highlight the short form and show the / ə/ under the form, model and drill.

2- Problem: The students may mistake and use should + present simple.
Solution: I will write two examples (present and past) on the board and elicit the differences
in meaning. (It is giving advice but not regret).

3- Problem: The students may pronounce /l/ in “should’.

Solution: I will highlight the silent ‘l’ in ‘should’ on the board and correct the errors if any.
References
En.oxforddictionary.online
Swan, M.1980, Practical English Usage,

Example 2: I went to our local library yesterday Vs I went to our local bookshop yesterday.

Meaning:
A library is a place with a big collection of books that you can borrow books.
A bookshop is a shop that sells books.

Concept Questions (CQS)

Library:
1- Can we buy books from the library? [No]
2- Is it a place for reading or researching? [Yes]

Bookshop:
1- Can we borrow books from the bookshop? [No]
2- Is it a place for reading? [No]
3- Can we buy books from the bookshop? [Yes]

Teaching context:

I will present picture of a library and a bookshop and have students discuss what they can do in
each place. For example, to research a project, so they can borrow books. While in the
bookshop they can buy books or magazines (fictional, short stories..)

Form:
1- Library and bookshop are nouns.
2- Both of them are countable. Library (libraries) and bookshop (bookshops)

Pronunciation
Library: /ˈlʌɪbrəri/
Bookshop: /ˈbʊkʃɒp/

Anticipated problems and solutions:

Problem 1: students may confuse the difference between library and bookshop.
Solution: the teacher can elicit the difference by showing pictures of them and asking CCQs.

Problem 2: the students may add ‘s’ to the end of the word ‘library’ to make it plural.
Solution: the teacher writes the single form of the ‘library’ and the plural form ‘libraries’ and
then elicits the rule.

Problem3: the students may mispronounce the letter “o” in word the “shop”. They may say
/ʃəʊp/ instead of /ʃɒp/ because of L1 interference.
Solution: The teacher highlights the letter “o” and says that its pronunciation is /ɒ/ and then
models and drills.

References:
Macmillan online Dictionary
En.oxford online dictionary