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Frame Structure Frame Characteristic RSOH (Regenerator Section Overhead) MSOH (Multiplex Section Overhead) References

STM-1 SDH Mapping.

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281 views3 pages

Frame Structure Frame Characteristic RSOH (Regenerator Section Overhead) MSOH (Multiplex Section Overhead) References

STM-1 SDH Mapping.

Uploaded by

Ravi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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05/06/2020 STM-1 - Wikipedia

STM-1
The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network
transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the
other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256. Above STM-256 wavelength-
division multiplexing (WDM) is commonly used in submarine cabling.[1][2]

Contents
Frame structure
Frame characteristic
RSOH (regenerator section overhead)
MSOH (multiplex section overhead)
References

Frame structure
The STM-1 frame is on the basic transmission format for SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). A STM-1
frame has a byte-oriented structure with 9 rows and 270 columns of bytes, for a total of 2,430 bytes (9 rows *
270 columns = 2430 bytes). Each byte corresponds to a 64kbit/s channel.[3]

TOH: Transport Overhead (RSOH + AU4P + MSOH)

MSOH: Multiplex Section Overhead


RSOH: Regeneration Section Overhead
AU4P: AU-4 Pointers

VC4: Virtual Container-4 payload (POH + VC-4 Data)

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05/06/2020 STM-1 - Wikipedia

POH: Path Overhead

Frame characteristic
The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics:

Length: 270 column × 9 row = 2430 bytes


Byte: 1-byte = 8 bit
Duration (Frame repetition time): 125 μs i.e. 8000 frame/s
Rate (Frame capacity): 2430 × 8 × 8000 = 155.5200 Mbit/s
Payload = 2349bytes × 8bits × 8000frames/sec = 150.336 Mbit/s

RSOH (regenerator section overhead)

1st row = Unscrambled bytes. Their contents should therefore be monitored


X = Bytes reserved for national use
D = Bytes depending on the medium (satellite, radio relay system, ...)

The Regenerator Section OverHead uses the first three rows & nine columns in the STM-1 frame

A1, A2 The Frame Alignment Word is used to recognize the beginning of an STM-N frame
A1: 1111 0110 = F6 (HEX)
A2: 0010 1000 = 28 (HEX)
J0: Path Trace. It is used to give a path through an SDH Network a "Name". This message (Name)
enables the receiver to check the continuity of its connection with the desired transmitter
B1: Bit Error Monitoring. The B1 Byte contains the result of the parity check of the previous STM frame,
after scrambling of the actual STM frame. This check is carried out with a Bit Interleaved Parity check
(BIP-8).
E1 Engineering Orderwire (EOW). It can be used to transmit speech signals between Regenerator
Sections for operating and maintenance purposes
F1 User Channel. It is used to transmit data and speech for service and maintenance
D1 to D3 Data Communication Channel at 192 kbit/s (DCCR). This channel is used to transmit
management information via the STM-N frames

MSOH (multiplex section overhead)

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05/06/2020 STM-1 - Wikipedia

X = Bytes reserved for national use.

The Multiplex Section OverHead uses the 5th through 9th rows, and first 9 columns in the STM-1 frame.

B2 : Bit Error Monitoring. The B2 Bytes contains the result of the parity check of the previous STM frame,
except the RSOH, before scrambling of the actual STM frame. This check is carried out with a Bit
Interleaved Parity check (BIP24)
K1, K2 Automatic Protection Switching (APS). In case of a failure, the STM frames can be routed new
with the help of the K1, K2 Bytes through the SDH Network. Assigned to the multiplexing section
protection (MSP) protocol
K2 (Bit6,7,8) MS_RDI: Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication (former MS_FERF: Multiplex Section
Far End Receive Failure)
D4 to D12 Data Communication Channel at 576 kbit/s (DCCM). (See also D1-D3 in RSOH above)
S1 (Bit 5 - 8) Synchronisation quality level:
0000 Quality unknown
0010 G.811 10-11/day frequency drift
0100 G.812T transit 10-9 /day frequency drift
1000 G.812L local 2*10-8/day frequency drift
1011 G.813 5*10-7/day frequency drift
1111 Not to be used for synchronisation
E2 Engineering Order wire (EOW). Same function as E1 in RSOH
M1 MS_REI: Multiplex Section Remote Error Indicator, number of interleaved bits which have been
detected to be erroneous in the received B2 bytes. (former MS_FEBE: Multiplexing Section Far End
Block Errored)
Z1, Z2 Spare bytes

References
1. Chapter 8 (https://books.google.com/books?id=eq1kRHdyXSUC&pg=PA238&dq=STM-1&as_brr=3&ei=D
47kS4jTHqqEkATw1uDfCQ&hl=en&cd=4#v=onepage&q=STM-1&f=false) Voice & data communications
handbook By Regis J. Bates, Donald W. Gregory
2. Table 2 Basic SONET Levels (https://books.google.com/books?id=N-1YbhMKsBUC&pg=PA778&dq=ST
M-1&as_brr=3&ei=D47kS4jTHqqEkATw1uDfCQ&hl=en&cd=10#v=onepage&q=STM-1&f=false) The
Internet encyclopedia, Volume 1 By Hossein Bidgoli
3. 3.3 Basic principles of SDH (https://books.google.com/books?id=Oq8SEUW1wdQC&pg=PT168&dq=ST
M-1&as_brr=3&ei=D47kS4jTHqqEkATw1uDfCQ&hl=en&cd=1#v=onepage&q=STM-1&f=false) Networks:
internet, telephony, multimedia : convergences and complementarities By Daniel Hardy, Guy Malléus,
Jean-Noël Méreur

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