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    IUCN Red List India - Re PDF

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    Ajinath Dahiphale
    The document summarizes information from the IUCN Red List about endangered and vulnerable mammal species found in India. It lists species classified as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened and least concern. Some of the species discussed include the Ganges river dolphin, lion, nilgiri langur, great Indian rhinoceros, gaur, four-horned antelope, takin, nilgiri marten, barasingha deer, and Asian black bear. Threats to these species include habitat loss, poaching, and accidental killing in fishing nets. The document also provides details on the legal protection afforded to certain species under India's Wildlife Protection Act.

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    IUCN Red List India - Re PDF

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    The document summarizes information from the IUCN Red List about endangered and vulnerable mammal species found in India. It lists species classified as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened and least concern. Some of the species discussed include the Ganges river dolphin, lion, nilgiri langur, great Indian rhinoceros, gaur, four-horned antelope, takin, nilgiri marten, barasingha deer, and Asian black bear. Threats to these species include habitat loss, poaching, and accidental killing in fishing nets. The document also provides details on the legal protection afforded to certain species under India's Wildlife Protection Act.

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    IUCN Red List India | Re.pdf

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    The document summarizes information from the IUCN Red List about endangered and vulnerable mammal species found in India. It lists species classified as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened and least concern. Some of the species discussed include the Ganges river dolphin, lion, nilgiri langur, great Indian rhinoceros, gaur, four-horned antelope, takin, nilgiri marten, barasingha deer, and Asian black bear. Threats to these species include habitat loss, poaching, and accidental killing in fishing nets. The document also provides details on the legal protection afforded to certain species under India's Wildlife Protection Act.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views11 pages

    IUCN Red List India - Re PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ajinath Dahiphale
    The document summarizes information from the IUCN Red List about endangered and vulnerable mammal species found in India. It lists species classified as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened and least concern. Some of the species discussed include the Ganges river dolphin, lion, nilgiri langur, great Indian rhinoceros, gaur, four-horned antelope, takin, nilgiri marten, barasingha deer, and Asian black bear. Threats to these species include habitat loss, poaching, and accidental killing in fishing nets. The document also provides details on the legal protection afforded to certain species under India's Wildlife Protection Act.

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    of 11

    IUCN Red List India | Red Data List | Red Book Part-2 | PMF IAS

    www.pmfias.com

    Table of Contents

    IUCN Red List India (As of March 2019)


    ‘Endangered’ Marine Mammals
    Freshwater (river) dolphin / South Asian River Dolphin
    ‘Vulnerable’ Mammals
    Lion
    Nilgiri langur/ Nilgiri leaf monkey (Trachypithecus johnii)
    Great Indian one horn Rhinoceros
    Gaur/Indian Bison
    Four-horned antelope, Chousingha
    Takin
    Nilgiri marten
    Barasingha or swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii)
    Oriental small-clawed otter/ Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea)
    Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
    Asian black bear/ moon bear or white-chested bear (Ursus thibetanus)
    ‘Vulnerable’ Herbivorous Marine Mammals
    Dugong/Sea Cow
    ‘Near Threatened’ Mammals
    Wild ass/ khur (Equus hemionus khur)
    Q. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news? (2018)
    Chiru/ Tibetan Antelope
    Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata)
    Himalayan tahr
    Markhor (Capra falconeri)
    Least concern
    Blackbuck (Salman Khan)
    ‘Not Evaluated’ Mammals
    Himalayan wolf

    IUCN Red List India (As of March 2019)

    The list contains critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species.


    The list is updated by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) from time to time as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature
    (IUCN), 1996.

    ‘Endangered’ Marine Mammals

    Freshwater (river) dolphin / South Asian River Dolphin


    Because of the sound it produces when breathing, the animal is popularly referred to as the ‘Susu‘.
    Susu can only live in freshwater and is essentially blind. Hence, susu are also known as blind dolphin.
    They hunt by emitting ultrasonic sounds.
    Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin and Indus river
    dolphin.
    Threats: Unintentional killing through entanglement in fishing gear; habitat loss and degradation – water development projects
    (barrages, high dams, and embankments), pollution – industrial waste and pesticides, municipal sewage discharge and noise
    from vessel traffic.

    Ganges river dolphin (Susu)

    Habitat: Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries in Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
    The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its National Aquatic Animal.

    Indus river dolphin

    Habitat: Indus River in Pakistan and its Beas and Sutlej tributaries.

    Q. Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?

    1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers


    2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers
    3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally
    4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
    ‘Susu’ shares its habitat with crocodiles, freshwater turtles and wetland birds, many of which are fish eaters and are potential
    competitors with dolphins.

    Answer: c) 1, 3 and 4 only

    Q. Which one of the following is the national aquatic animal of India?

    1. Saltwater crocodile
    2. Olive ridley turtle
    3. Gangetic dolphin
    4. Gharial

    Answer: c) Susu

    ‘Vulnerable’ Mammals

    Lion

    Placed in Vulnerable category.


    Threats: Trade in bones is the major reason for their dwindling numbers.

    Nilgiri langur/ Nilgiri leaf monkey (Trachypithecus johnii)

    Moved from Endangered to Vulnerable.


    Habitat: Hilly areas of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
    Threats: Habitat degradation, development activities, introduction of exotic tree species.

    Great Indian one horn Rhinoceros

    Habitat: Found only in the tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas (Terai region).
    National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Pabitora wildlife sanctuary, Manas National Park, Assam.
    Status in the Wild: Moved from Endangered to Vulnerable.
    Threat: Poached for its horn (in SE Asian countries it is a belief that its horn has medicinal properties), habitat loss, habitat
    fragmentation.

    Gaur/Indian Bison

    The gaur (Bos gaurus), also called Indian bison, is a large bovine native to South Asia and Southeast Asia.
    Gaur are largely confined to evergreen forests or semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, but also occur in deciduous forest
    areas at the periphery of their range.
    The domesticated form of the gaur is called gayal or mithun.
    Threats: Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation.

    Four-horned antelope, Chousingha


    The four-horned antelope must drink water regularly in order to survive.
    Distribution: Presently it is confined to the Indian subcontinent. Scattered between the foothills of the Himalayas in the north to
    the Deccan Plateau in the south. Gir National Park has 1000 of these animals.
    Threats: Loss of its natural habitat due to agricultural expansion. Four-horned skull and horns have made it a popular target for
    hunters.

    Takin
    Distribution: Mountainous regions in the Himalayan Mountains and western China.
    Threats: Largely due to overhunting and the destruction of their natural habitat, takin are considered Endangered in China and
    Vulnerable as per the IUCN.

    Nilgiri marten

    Endemic to the Western Ghats. Inhabits areas that are far from human disturbance.
    Threat: habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting for its fur.
    Only species of marten found in southern India.

    Barasingha or swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii)

    Habitat: Isolated localities in northern and central India, and southwestern Nepal.
    Threats: Hunting for horns, habitat fragmentation and habitat loss.

    Oriental small-clawed otter/ Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea)

    Semiaquatic mammals which feed on fish, amphibians, birds and small mammals.
    It is a smallest otter species in the world.
    Habitat: It lives in mangrove swamps and freshwater wetlands.
    Threat: habitat loss, pollution and hunting.

    Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)


    Habitat: Himalayan foothills through mainland Southeast Asia into China. They occur in northern West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal
    Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura.
    Threat: deforestation and poaching.

    Asian black bear/ moon bear or white-chested bear (Ursus thibetanus)

    Habitat: Seen across much of the Himalayas, Korea, north-eastern China, the Russian far east and the Honshu and Shikoku islands
    of Japan.
    Threats: deforestation and active hunting for its body parts.

    ‘Vulnerable’ Herbivorous Marine Mammals

    Dugong/Sea Cow

    Threat: hunting (meat and oil), habitat degradation, and fishing-related fatalities.

    Manatees Species

    Dugong belongs to manatees species.


    Habitat: Indian seas (near shore waters of Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kachchh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Caribbean Sea,
    Gulf of Mexico, the Amazon Basin, and West Africa
    Threat: Coastal development, red tide, hunting.

    Q. With reference to ‘dugong’, a mammal found in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

    1. It is an herbivorous marine animal.


    2. It is found along the entire coast of India
    3. It is given legal protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 3 only

    Explanation:

    Dugong is an herbivorous animal. It eats sea grass and aquatic plants found in shallow oceans (at depths sea grass and aquatic
    plants don’t grow due to absence of sunlight).

    Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

    Harming endangered (vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered) species listed in Schedule 1 of the Act is prohibited
    throughout India.
    Hunting species, like those requiring special protection (Schedule II), big game (Schedule III), and small game (Schedule IV), is
    regulated through licensing.
    A few species classified as vermin (Schedule V), may be hunted without restrictions.

    Answer: c) 1 and 3
    ‘Near Threatened’ Mammals

    Wild ass/ khur (Equus hemionus khur)

    Showed an increase in population. Moved from Endangered (2015) to Near Threatened (2019).
    Distribution: Mostly occurs in Rann of Kutch region.
    Population steadily increasing.
    Today, its last refuge lies in the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch.
    Threats: Diseases, habitat degradation due to salt activities, Invasive species Prosopis juliflora shrub, and encroachment and
    grazing by the Maldhari.

    Q. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news? (2018)

    1. Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.


    2. It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.
    3. Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides.
    4. None of the above

    Prosopis juliflora is an invasive species.

    Answer: b) it reduces biodiversity

    Q. A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area, but its existence
    is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?

    1. Indian wild buffalo


    2. Indian wild ass
    3. Indian wild boar
    4. Indian Gazelle

    Sandy saline area ==> Kutch region.


    Indian wild buffalo ==> Terai region.
    Indian wild boar can survive in different types of habitat: grasslands, taiga, tropical rainforests, but they prefer life in deciduous
    forests.
    Chinkara (Indian gazelle) ==> Thar desert.

    Answer: b) Indian wild ass

    Chiru/ Tibetan Antelope


    2016: Tibetan antelope has been moved from Endangered to Near Threatened.
    Habitat: Tibet cold desert.
    Threat: The chiru is threatened by hunting for its fine wool which is used to make the shahtoosh scarves, meat, magnificent horns.

    Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata)


    Habitat: northern India and Nepal, through south-eastern Asia to Borneo and Sumatra. In India – Sikkim, Darjeeling, moist tropical
    forest.
    Threats: hunting, habitat destruction for marbled cat and its prey.

    Himalayan tahr

    Habitat: Himalayas.
    Threats: The major threats in China are uncontrolled hunting and deforestation. In India, Himalayan tahr is sometimes hunted for
    meat, and there is apparently significant competition with livestock for summer grazing in some areas.

    Markhor (Capra falconeri)

    The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.


    Habitat: Mountains of central Asia. In India – some parts of Jammu and Kashmir .
    Status: Moved from endangered to Near Threatened in 2015
    Threats: Hunting (both for meat and for its twisted horns), armed conflict and habitat loss.

    Least concern

    Blackbuck (Salman Khan)


    Moved from Near Threatened to Least Concern.
    Distribution: In the Indian subcontinent, the blackbuck can also be found in deserts (in the north western region), coastal areas,
    mountains (in the northern-north-eastern region) Habitat: Grass land.
    Threat: excessive hunting for meat and sporting trophies, as well as habitat loss.

    ‘Not Evaluated’ Mammals

    Himalayan wolf

    Conservation Status is ‘Not Evaluated’. Several biologists feel that it needs be in the ‘Critically Endangered List’.
    Distribution: Trans-Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir.
    Threats – Climate Change, Prey by humans to protect their cattle.

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