Group #1 L 2 9 ? wa ECE 5300 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS Spring 2015 FINAL PROJECT Haider Alkhafaf - Leader Yazid Alkraimeen Haider Hashim Osamah Alshammakhi - Hasan Jameel Hasan Dr. Johnson AsumaduECE 5300 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS SPRING 2015 ADDITIONAL PROJECT #5 DUE: 04/15/2015 (ABSOLUTELY BY 5:00 P.M. The objective of this project is to use different methods of solving the load flow equations for the system shown in Fig. 1. The Fig. 1 shows the one-line diagram of a simple five-bus system. Table 1 gives the line impedances identified by the buses on which these terminate. There shunt admittances connected to some buses. Table 1 Line 2 4 Bus tobus | X@%) | B(pu) BR | 1-2 0.0533 0 Ty 2-3 025 | 022 q 3-4 0.25 0.22 3 2-4 ois [oll Fig. 1 4-5 0.08 0 1. Before proceeding to obtain the nodal admittance equations, a procedure will be developed to convert voltage sources to current sources. Consider single-phase circuit shown in Fig, 2 with a passive impedance or equivalent admittances. (a) () ix, a YW a»wn—— + % Rest of system Fig.2 Write the KVL for Fig. 2. Replace Fig. 1 with current source equivalent circuit, (i) Find the expression for the current source. Gi) Find the expression for the primitive admittance. (iii) Draw the equivalent circuit 2. For the circuit shown in Fig. 1, a generator with back emf equal to 0.90/0° p.u. and a reactance of 1.25 p.u. is connected to bus 1, while a motor with internal voltage equal to 0.80/-70° p.u. and a reactance of /1.25 p.u. is connected to bus 5. @) (b) (©) Convert the generator voltage source to appropriate current source; give values for current and primitive admittance. The complex current source must be in polar form and the complex primitive admittance must be in rectangular form. Convert the motor voltage source to appropriate current source; give values for current and primitive admittance. The complex current source must be in polar form and the complex primitive admittance must be in rectangular form. Draw the equivalent circuit with the changes 2(a) and 2(b) in the system of Fig. 1.@ Determine the admittance matrix Yjqy- The admittance matrix complex elements must be in rectangular form. (©) Write the nodal admittance matrix equation. (a) Determine the inverse of Yiu from 2(d), Yjzt. (b) Determine the voltage vector solution from 2(e) in polar form. (@) Perform triangular factorization of of Yas from 2(4). (6) Determine the lower L and upper U matrices (©) Using forward and backward substitution, determine the voltage vector solution from 2e) in polar form, (@) From the nodal equations obtain in 2(e), eliminate node using Kron reduction, and obtain the new Yigsnew- The admittance matrix complex elements must be in rectangular form, (6) Determine the voltage vector solution from 5(a) in polar form. (@) For the equivalent circuit obtained in 2(c), construct the Zyys using building algorithm. (b) Modify the Zys obtained in 6(a) for the case in which a parallel line is added between buses 2 and 4. The line has the same parameters as the existing line between these buses.ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECE5300 Final Project Different Methods of Solving the Load Flow Equations: The figure (1) shows the one line diagram of a five-bus system and the table (1) gives the line impedances. Table (1) Line Bus to Bus | _X(p.u,) Bu) 12 0.0533 0 23 0.25 0.22 3-4 0.25 0.22 24 0.15 O11 45 0.08 0 tus ous? ous buss n 2 fus3 Fig (1) 1+ Figure (2) shows a single phase circuit with a passive impedance: Figure (2) (a) The KVL for the circuit in the figure (2): Eq = Tal + jXs) + Va Page | 1ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMs ECES300 Final Project = IqZs + Va {b) The current source equivalent circuit of the figure (1) : From the table (1) there are no resistances for the system (neglected). So, the figure (3) shows the current source equivalent circuit Bus 1 Bus 2 Busa Buss 1 n hb ® jee yso Bus 3 Figure (3) (The expression for the current source Let Z. Zy9 and Ys = Yio 1 Where Yio = (ii) The expression for the primitive admittance ki a 1, = Zand the primitive admittance is ys, (iii) ‘The equivalent circuit is shown in figure (4) Page | 2ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMs ECE5300 Final Project Figure (4) 2- For the circuit shown in the figure (1) , the generator back emf 9{02 pu with a reactance j1.25 is connected to the bus. A motor with internal voltage 0.80/-70° p.u and a reactance j1.25 p.u is connected to the bus5. (a) The current source at bus! 0.9/0° F125 h 0.72 2-90 p.u ‘The admittance connected from bus! to the neutral is: 1 1 Y0= Fo= Fgge OB Pa (b) The current source instead of the motor voltage source: (©) The equivalent circuit with changes in 2 (a) & 2 (b) in the system of figure (1) is shown below: Page | 3ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMs ECE5300 Final Project Bust Bus2 Busd Bus ° yon sos 3 wornlai y bee Bus 3 Figure (5) (d) From the table (1) there are no resistances for the system (neglected). So the Yous will determine from the reactance values that given in that table. Yas = Ys2 = 0 Yas = Ysa = 0 13 = Yai = 0 Via = Yar = 0 Mis = ¥s1 = 0 Now for the elements of the admittance matrix: Ya dia + Yio = —f18.76 — j0.8 = -j19.56 Page | 4ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECES300 Final Project _B, Yoo = Vaz + Yaa + Yo0 +I (0.22 0.11 ~j18.76 — j4 - {6.67 + j—>—+j—— —j29.27 Bs. 0.22 0.22 Yos = Yas ty t/t jt aja + ja jo j7.78 You = Yuu t Yaa + Yas + je 4 jo 22 6.67 — j4—j12.5 + j oat 4 2 Yas = Yas Yoq = —Y34 = Yas = 14 Yas = —Yas = —Ys3 = 0 Yas = —Yas = —Ysa = 12.5 Yi = 19.56 , Yon = -j29.27, Ya3 = -/7.78, Yaa = —J23.01, and Yes 13.3 —j19.56 j18.76 0 0 0 j18.76 -j29.27 j4 6.67 0 Yous =} 0 j4 -j7.78 ja 0 0 j6.67 j4— -j23.01 12.5 0 0 0 125 413.3. (©). The nodal equation in a matrix form: 1) [-/1956 j1876 0 0 0 W% 0| |j18.76 -j29.27 j4 — j6.67 0 {lv ol=! 0 jt -j7.78 ja 0 |ivs 0 0 j6.67 j4 — -j23.01 12.5 }IV, Us, 0 0 0 12.5 —/13.31lVs Page | 5ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECE5300 Final Project 0.72 90°) [-i19.56 j1876 0 0 0 y% 8 76 -j29.27 j4 6.67 0 lM jf -j71.78 ja o ily 6.67 j4— 23.01 12.5 |IVy 0.64 ye 160° 0 125 — —/13.311Vs. ® (a) The invers of the Yius 1.021 j1.012 j1.013 0.959 j0.901 j1.012 1.055 j1.056 j0.999 0.939 Yous =|/1.013 1.056 j1215 j1.057 0.994 j0.959 j0.999 j1.057 j1.057 0.993 10.901 70.939 0.994 0.993 j1.009 (b) The voltage vector: V= Zs! = Yo! [j1.021 1.012 1.013 0.959 0.901), 9.79, — 99° j1.012 1.055 71.056 70.999 0.939 0 V=[j1.013 j1.056 j1.215 j1.057 j0.994 0 }j0.959 0.999 1.057 1.057 70.993 0 10.901 70.939 70.994 0.993 j1.009]!0.64 2 — 160° 1.08 4 — 30.16° 1.092 2 — 31.17° 1.12 4 — 32.27° 1.087 2 — 33.33° 1.06 2 — 34.89° + (a) Triangular factorization of the Ypus : if the matrix n x n , needs 1-1 iteration. In this case, the Yius is 5 x 5 then the number of iteration is 4. Yin Y Yu =¥j-! where i,j =k +1,....0 rick Page | 6ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ECES300 Step YY, opener NG j19.56 18.76 a) _[-959 1228 Yous =| 0 ja 0 46.67 0 0 Final Project where i,j = One 0 0 j4 6.67 0 -j7.78 — j& 0 J4 — —j23.01 f12.5 0 125/133. dy y@) ayo _ Ye bey where i,j = 3,4,5 u u ve -j1956 j1876 0 0 0 -0959 -j1128 j4 667 0 Y=] 0 0355 -j636 7637 0 0 —0.591 j6.37 ~j19.07 f12.5 0 0 0 125 ~/13.3 Step 3: (2y@2) ¥ =¥ - Ks a where i,j = 4,5 Ya 1956 1876 0 0 0 -0.959 -j1128 j4 j667 0 Yo=| 0 0355 -j636 j637 0 0 0.591 -1.001 -j12.7 12.5 0 0 0 125 —/13.3 Step 4: @y@ ¥ =) — ts a where i,j =4,5 Yau -1956 j1876 0 0 0 -0.959 -j1128 j4 — j6.67 0 Yyr=| 0 6.36 6.37 0 0 -1.001 -j12.7 f12.5 0 0 = -0,984 —J0.994! (b) ‘The lower L matrix: Page | 7ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ECES300 Final Project 1 0 0 o 0 -0959 1 0 0 0) L=| 0 0355 1 o oO 0 -0591 -1001 1 0 0 0 0 0984 1 ‘The upper U matrix: -j19.56 j18.76 0 0 0 0 -/11.28 j4 — j6.67 0 v=! 0 0 -j636 6.37 0 0 0 0 -f1z7 f12s 0 0 0 0 70.994. 1 0 0 0 0 0.959 1 0 an) 17 =10.34 0355 1 o 0 0.907 0.946 1.001 1 0 0.893 0.931 0.985 0.9841 1 0 0 0 0 770.722-90° 0.959 1 0 0 0 0 =]034 0355 1 o 0 0 0.907 0.946 1.001 1 0 0 0.893 0.931 0.985 0.984 1lo.64.z — 160° 0.601 — j0.862 The rd substitution: uw = V=u"0 Page | 8ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECE5300 Final Project 0.0511 0.085 0.0535 0.0715 0.898 0 0.0887 0.0558 0.0745 0.937 u+=| 0 0 0.157 0.0789 0.991 0 0 0 0.0787 0.99 0 0 0 0 1.006 0.0511 0.085 0.0535 0.0715 (0.898 Be 0 0.0887 0.0558 0.0745 0.937 —0.691 v=! 0 0 0.157 0.0789 0.991|| —/0.245 0 0 0 0.0787 0.99 0.653 0 0 0 0 1.006 410,601 — jo.862 1.082 — 30.16° 1.0922 - 31.17° V=| 1122 -32.27° 1.0872 — 33.33° 1.062 — 34.89° 5 (a) The Yous by using Kron reduction (eliminate node 3): The original Yius is 5 x 5 . By using kroon reduction, it will be 4x 4 (n—1xn— dD. 12,3...n ij#k Yas¥s MO) (new) yy _Ya3¥ar _ _ = Yi) = Yas Ye = —f19.56 — og = 119-56 (0) G4) =j7.78 (G4), = j18.76 =/7.78 G4)(0) Second row: G40) 78 = j18.76 Page | 9ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ECES300 Final Project Yfpe = 22 « 9997 OO j29.27 — —j27.21 Ysa "STB Yos¥s G4) new) _YaaYas _ Yas = %e Yas =j7.78 : ow: ujek Forth row: Yas¥s GO (new) — foaYan - Y= 78° GAGA) _ 7.78 1873 GAGA) _ Sa7e = ~/20:983 j4)(0. 125-2O _ ars Fifth row: 0 25 From the above calculation, the new Yous matrix is: 19.56 j18.76 0 0 ¥,,, =| 42876 2721 8730 es 0 j8.73 -j20.953 j12.5 0 0 fl2S — -j13.3 (b) The voltage vector in polar form: 1 = YousV Page | 10ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECE5300 Final Project 072 os 90°] [-/19.56 j18.76 Mi 8, 76 -j27.21 fe 73 V, j8.73 -j20.953 fe 5 M 0.64.2” 160° 0 i258 — ~j13.3) L¥s, f 1.08 4 — 30.16° = |Ye) [1.092 2-31.17° Va) | 1.0872 — 33.33% Vs) | 1.062 — 34.89% 6- (a) The Zius of the equivalent circuit in the figure (5): Step 1: let start with bus 1 Zbus=[ j1.25] . [i125 j1.25 Step 2: add bus 2 to bus 1 Zbus-[ia95 44 3033 Step3 add bus 3 to bus 2 [125 j1.25 j1.25 Zbus =|j1.25 j1.3033 j1.3033 [j1.25 1.3033 1.5533 Step 4 add bus 4 to bus 3 f25 1.25 j1.25 _ 1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 ee 713033 15533 15533 41.3033 1.5533 1.8033 Step 5: add branch between bus 2 and bus 4 0 0 >=! _jo25 JOS Zhus = Zous — ybb™ = (Bt 2u+2y—2Zy)* y = (0.15 + 1.3033 + j1.8033 — (2 x j1.3033)) * = —j1.5385 Page | 11,ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMs ECE5300 Final Project jl25 1.25 j1.25 1.3033 13033 1.3033 1.3033 j1.4571 1.361 j1.3033 1361 1.4187 Step6: add bus 5 to bus 4 1.25 j1.25 fl25 1.25 j1.25 j1.25 1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 Zous =|j1.25 j1.3033 j14571 1361 1.361 [j1.25 1.3033 j1.361 1.4187 1.4187 [j1.25 j13033 j1.361 j1.4187 1.4987. Step7: add the brunch between bus 5 and the reference 125 125 f.25 125 fl2S 1.25 j1.25 j1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 1.3033 j1.25 j1.3033 j1.4571 1361 j1.361 1.361 1.25 j1.3033 j1.361 j14187 j1.4187 1.4187 j1.25 j1.3033 j1.361 j14187 1.4987 1.4987 j1.25 j13033 j1.361 j14187 1.4987 2.7487 Now reduce it to the 4*4 matrix: (0.6815 0.6573 j0.6311 0.6048 0.5685 j0.6573 j0.6853 j0.658 0.6306 j0.5927 0.6311 j0.658 j0.7832 0.6585 0.6189 j0.6048 0.6306 j0.6585 0.6865 0.6452 1j0.5685 0.5927 0.6189 0.6452 j0.6815 Step8: add the B (capacitors) between bus 2 and the reference (j0.11-+j0.055)") 0.6815 0.6573 0.6311 0.6048 j0.5658 0.6573 |j0.6573 0.6853 —j0.658 0.6306 0.5927 0.6853 a j0.6311 0.658 0.7832 j0.6585 —j0.6189 0.658 bus “170.6048 0.6306 0.6585 0.6865 0.6452 0.6306 j0.5685 j0.597 — j0.6189 0.6452 0.6815 j0.5927 j0.6573 0.6853 0.658 j0.6306 j0.5927 —j5.3757 2ous = Zous = (0.7619 0.7411 0.7115 0.6819 j0.6409 j0.7411 j0.7727 0.7419 0.711 j0.6683 Zyus =|j0.7155 j0.7419 0.8637 j0.7357 j0.6195 /j0.6819 0.711 j0.7357 j0.7604 0.7147 10.6406 0.6683 j0.6915 j0.7147 0.7469 Step9: add the B (capacitors) between bus 3 and the reference [(j0.11+j0.11)"] Page | 12ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS ECE5300 Final Project [0.7619 0.7411 0.7115 j0.6819 + j0.6409 0.7115 }j0.7411 0.7727 0.7419 j0.711 0.6683 0.7419 7,,, <[i0-7118 0.7419 j0.8637 j0.7357 0.6917 j0.8637 ous 0.6819 j0.711 0.7357 0.7604 j0.7147 0.7357 0.6409 0.6683 0.6917 0.7147 0.7469 0.6915 1j0.7115 0.7419 0.8637 j0.7357 j0.6915 —j3.6817 Now reduce it to the 5*5 matrix: j0.8944 j0.8847 0.8785 j0.821 0.7746 j0.8845 0.9222 0.9159 0.8593 0.8076 Zous = |j0.8785 0.9159 1.0665 0.9083 j0.8537 0.821 0.8593 0.9083 j0.9075 j0.8529 j0.7746 j0.8076 0.8537 0.8529 0.8768 Step 10: add the B (capacitors) between bus 4 and the reference [(j0.11+0.055)"] j0.8944 0.8845 j0.8785 j0.821 j0.7746 —j0.821 j0.8845 0.9222 0.9159 0.8593 0.8076 0.8593 z,,, = |/0-8785 0.9159 1.0665 0.983 70.8537 0.9083 pus | j0.821 j0.8593 0.9083 j0.9075 j0.8529 0.9075 1j0.7746 0.8076 0.8537 0.8529 j0.8768 0.8529 0.821 j0.8593 0.9083 0.9075 j0.8529 —j5.1351 ‘Now reduce it to the 5*5 matrix: (1.0312 1.0219 1.0237 0.9693 0.911 }j1.0219 1.0655 1.0674 1.0106 0.9498 Zius =|j1.0237 1.0674 j1.2266 1.0683 j1.004 j0.9693 j1.0106 1.0683 1.0673 1.003 j0.911 0.9498 j1.004 1.003 1.0179. (b) Adding parallel line between buses 2 and 4 (0.15) 0.0526 0.0549 (© b =|-/0.0009 40.0533, @) Zhus = Zous — Yb" Page | 13,ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMs ECE5300 Final Project © = (2 +2u +2) — 22 y) (Oy = {0.15 + j1.0655 + j1.0673 ~ (2 x j1.0106))* = —j3.8232 1.0206 1.0108 j1.0239 j0.9807 0.9217, j1.0108 1.054 1.0676 1.0225 j0.961 () Zous =|/1.0239 1.0676 1.2266 1.0681 1.0039) 0.9807 1.0225 1.0681 1.055 0.9915 0.9217 0.961 1.0039 0.9915 1.0071 Now adding the parallel element at bus 2 (capacitor reactance at each bus equal (1/j0.055)). ‘The Kron matrix reduced after adding the reactance at bus 2 to: (/1.0206 1.0108 1.0239 0.9807 0.9217 1.0108 \j1.0108 1.054 1.0676 1.0225 j0.9610 1.054 Lye = |/1:0239 71.0676 1.2266 j1.0681 1.0039 1.0676 bus “170.9807 1.0225 1.0681 j1.055 j0.9915 1.0225 1j0.9217 j0.9610 1.0039 j0.9915 1.0071 0.9610 1j1.0108 1.054 1.0676 j1.0225 0.9610 —j17.175. 1.0801 1.0728 1.0867 1.0410 0.9783: j1.0728 j1.1187 1.1331 1.0852 1.020 \j1.0867 1.1331 1.298 1.1317 1.0636 }j1.0410 j1.0852 1.1317 j1.1159 1.0487 Lj0.9783 1.02 1.0636 j1.0487 1.0609. Zous ‘The Kron matrix reduced after adding the reactance at bus 4 to: [/1.0801 1.0728 1.0867 1.0410 0.9783 1.0410 \j1.0728 j1tig7 1.1331 1.0852 1.02 1.0852 gy, = {/10867 1.1331 1.293 j1.1317 j1.0636 1.1317 ous 11.0410 1.0852 j1.3171 1.1159 j1.0487 1.1159 [jo.9783 1.02 1.0636 1.0487 1.0609 1.0487 Hj1.0410 j1.0852 11317 11159 1.0487 —/17.0661 1.1436 1.139 j1.1558 1.1089 1.0422 j1.139 j1.1877 1.2051 j1.1562 1.0867 Zous =|/1.1558 j1.2051 1.3680 1.2057 1.1332 1.1089 j1.1562 1.2057 j1.1888 1.1173 Lj1.0422 j1.0867 1.1332 j1.1173 1.1253. Page | 14