Bberikaoba

Bberikaoba da yeenoba xalxuri sanaxaoba, romlebic gamoirCeva TavianTi TeatralurobiT.

berikaoba aris saomprovizacio niRbebis Teatri.
Bberikaoba nawarmoebia sityvidan ber. mesxeT-javaxeTSi berikas bers eZaxdnen, svaneTSic
beras.
Aaseve beri bavSvis Svilis, Zis aRmniSvneli yofila. SesaZloa adre is niSnavda sabavSvo
TamaSobas. zogan berikaoba bavSvebis monawileobiT tardeboda. Mmag TuSuri berikaoba.
1846 wels gamoqveynebul werilis mixedviT, berikas xandaxan daTos (daTvs) uwodebdnen.
Mmag. Mmoxevur ferxulSi berikas aRmniSvnelad daTo ixmareba. Mmagram berikaoba sxva
mravali cxovelis (taxis, kurdRlis, viris, katis, Txis, ZaRlis, maimunis, irmis, aqlemis, Svelis,
cxvris) niRbebsac vxvdebiT. Aamave dros aq monawileoben Seyvarebuli qal-vaJnis wyvilebi.
Tanac berikaoba sazafxulo dResaswaulis saxes atarebs: yvavilebis gvirgvinebiT TavmorTuli
bavSvebi simReriTa da cekviT asruleben bunebis gamoRviZebis, axlad ganayofierebis
sadidebels. Aaqedan vaskvniT, rom berikaoba ganayofierebisa da Svilierebis saerTo kults
ukavSirdeba.
e.i. beri erTis mxriv Svilobis, gamonayofis aRmniSvnelia, meores mxriv RvTaebisaTvis Sewirul
mona-msaxurs niSnavs.
Bbers Semdeg daerTo sufiqsi—'k a’, miviReT berika. sityva ‘berika’-dan warmoebulia
Teatraluri gansaxierebis aRmniSvneli ‘gaberikeba’, saTamaSo adgils ‘saberiko’ ewodeboda,
xolo niRabs ‘berika’
Bberikaobis siuJetebi
Bberikaoba Camoyalibda niRbebis saimprovizacio Teatrad. Aam TeatrSi berikebi Taobidan
Taobas gadascemdnen damuSavebul da Semonaxul siuJetebs da amaT mixedviT dgamdnen
warmodgenebs.
roca warmosadgenad emzadebodnen maT gaaCndaT scenarismagvari ConCxi, sadac gawerili
iyo moqmedi pirebi, mTavari siuJeti. gaTamaSebis dros ki msaxiobebi am siuJets TavianTi
niWis mixedviT, Seavsebdnen. Bberikaobis momzadeba, Mmag TuSeTSi 10-15 dRiT adre
iwyeboda. isini erTad Txzavdnen piesas, gainawilebdnen rolebs. zogierTi scena warmodgenis
msvlelobisas iqmneboda. Aaseve berikebi, xSirad CaiTrevdnen xolme mayurebels Dda
gaapampulavebdnen.
dReisaTvis, SemorCenilia 100-mde siuJeti.
Bberikaoba dayofili iyo Tavisi SinaarsiT Semdegnairad:
warmarTuli berikaoba
1. cxovelebisa da frinvelebis kulti;
2. miTologiuri motivebi;
3. Svilierebis, bunebis ganayofierebisa da ganaxlebis kulti;
saero berikaoba
1 salaSqro;
2eklesiis msaxurTa mamxilebeli;
3sayofacxovrebo;
4.batonymobisa da saerTod usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli berikaoba;
Mmag. miTiuris gadmonaSTebis berikaobaSi, svaneTSi, ‘amiranis ferxulSi’ vxvdebiT devis
niRabs. eSmaki unda warmosaxavdes miTiur Zalas borot arsebas.
A(aseve gvxvdeba ganyenebul cnebaTa niRbebi, mag. ukuRmarTi cxovrebis an dedakacis
simyralis’niRbebi. Aaq niRabs beriko ukuRma Camoacvamda, iZaxda ukuRmarTi cxovreba
var, ukuRmarTad davberdio)

berikaobaSi aseve gvxvdeba Svilierebis da ganayofierebis kultis gadmonaSTebi. Mmag.

Q’qal-vaJiani’ aWaraSi, qal-vaJiani imereTSi, size-patarZali (gurjaanSi), mefe-dedofali
mcxeTaSi da sxva.
berikaobis TiTqmis yvela scenaSi vxvdebiT ‘nefes’, ‘dedofals’ anu kekelas. Bberikebi
warmoadgenen daqorwinebis scenebs, ganasaxiereben qal-vaJis sqesobriv ltolvas.
s a l a S q r o berikaobaSi mravali siuJetia mxedrul da salaSqro motivebze. Bberikebi
memkvidreobiT miRebul ZvelisZvel scenarebSi Tanamedrove scenarebs urTavdnen. mag.
Aarabi, leki, TaTari ufro axalia, vidre taxi, daTvi, Txa, mefe, dedofali.
*qarTlSi imarTeboda ‘darbeva.’ am sanaxaobaSi monawileobdnen sapatarZlo, size-mefe,
Tarjimani, xarkis amkrefi, mziTvis wamRebi, taxi, sapatarZlos damcveli.
sofels dauvlida 5-6 berika da xalxs atyobinebdnen; TaTari geliT moedanze da gamodiT, vinc
sanaxaobas ar daeswreba ojaxs davurbevT da TaTars gavatanTo. sapatarZlo da mefe
(TaTari) cekvaven. sapatarZlos damcveli icavs qals TaTrisagan. Tarjimnis saSualebiT xdeba
molaparakeba, TaTari xarks Seamcirebs Tu qals miscemen. TaTars taxiT aSineben, TaTris
Tanmxlebi ki mas klavs. Semdeg iwyeba soflad xarkis mokrefva, ris Semdegac mRvdeli
swers jvars TaTars qristianuli wesiT. mRvdels miaqvs Segrovebuli fulis naxevari, magram
mainc ukmayofilo. is ambobs: “urjulos qristian qalze jvari davwere, oqros fuls da erT zars ar
imetebs eklesiisTviso’’)
salaSqro berikaobis magaliTi.
TuSebis gadmocemiT, me-18 saukuneSi aseTi berikaoba mouwyviaT.
Qqalurad gadaucvamT vaJebs, xelSi TiTistarebi dauWeriaT, matylis rTva dauwyiaT da xmas
ar iRebdnen. Xalxma rom hkiTxaT raTao, bolos Tqves: “Cven vaJkacebi aRar varT! aRarc
Tqven xarT vaJkacebi. Cven TaTrebma dagviWires alvanSi da dedakavebad gamogviyvanes.
Tu guSin Cven gviyves eg ambavi, xval Tqvenc gizamen, maSin yvela fSaveli CavicvamT
dedakacurad, daiWerT TiTistars da TaTrebiviT daarTavT matylso. xalxi aRelda, iaraRi aisxa
da Tavganwiruli brZoliT gareka TaTrebi saqarTvelodan” (337)
Ee k l e s i i s mamxilebelTa berikaobaSi mTavari gmirebi arian mRvdeli da diakvani.
Semorenilia sxvadasxva siuJetebi. Mmag.qarTlSi warmoadgendnen scenas- ‘mRvdeli,
fofodia da diakvani’
siuJeti: diakvani daaTrobs mRvdels, aTamaSebs da Tan imdens asmevs, sanam ar daaTrobs
da waaqcevs. roca mRvdels CaeZineba, diakvani imis cols dauwyebs alerss. xalxi am
TamaSSi Rebulobda monawileobas.
Bb a t o n y m o b i s da usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli berikaobis siuJeti
‘tusaRobas’ warmoadgendnen TbilisSi. moq.pirebi: masxara, iasauli, tusaRi, mestvire.
Mmasxaras dahyavda tusaRi da xalxs mouwodebda fuli Seegrovebina, raTa
gaenTavisuflebinaT. Aamas rom dainaxavs iasauli gabrazdeba da tusaRs daupirebs
aukrZalos fulis aReba. Mmasxara tusaRs aniSnebs, rom sinamdvileSi es fuli misi da
iasaulisaa, rom isini am fuls samikitnoSi daxarjaven. iasaulic Tavs daanebebs tusaRs da
saerTo mxiarulebaSi Caereva.

s a y o f a c x o v r e b o berikaobaSi warmoadgendnen TuSeTSi ‘saswaulmoqmed eqims’.

Moqmedi pirebi iyvnen avadmyofi, Wirisufali, eqimi.
avadmyofTan eqims miiyvandnen, eqimi mas gasinjavda. Avadmyofi viTom ukve mkvdaria
da mas eqimi gaacocxlebs
b e r i k a o b i s gamarTvis d r o da xangrZlivoba
berikaoba TiTqmis saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi yvelieris kviraSi ewyoboda. orSabaTobiT
sof.kakabeTSi xuTSabaTobiT iwyeboda da zogjer mTeli kvira grZeldeboda.
Aa d g i l i, sadac berikaoba imarTeboda winaswar iyo SerCeuli. Ees iyo m o e d a n i, sadac
Tavs iyrida mayurebeli. Aam adgils ‘saberiko’ ewodeboda. berikebi dafa-zurniT mividodnen
im moedanze da xalxs acinebdnen. (raWaSi saberiko adgils sanaxSo ewodeboda).
saberiko adgili mosaxerxebeli unda yofiliyo, raTa mayurebels yvelaferi daenaxa. imereTSi,
sul erTi adgili hqondaT SerCeuli. berikaobisTvis mosaxerxebel adgilad kaloc iTvleboda
‘qarTlSi berikebi kalozedac TamaSobdneno’. Eerekle mefis dros ki sasaxleSi maTTvis
saoxunjo darbazi yofila.
B
Bberikaobis w y o b a
berikaoba sxvadasxva saxix iyo. arsebobda didi da patara berikaoba. did berikaobaSi
monaeileobda 40-100 kacamde berika. pataraSi 3 kacic ki yofila.
zogan berikaoba, Tavisi wyobiT saferxulo iyo. berikebi ferxulis SigniT usityvod
TamaSobdnen da rasac saferxulo simReriT ferxuli mouTxrobda, wris SigniT berikebi imas
usityvod gadasaxierebdnen.
Bberikaoba xasiaTisa da adgilis mixedvioT samgvari iyo:
a)kardakar mosiarule; (isini ezosa da quCebSi aqyobdnen saberiko scenebis warmodgenebs)
b)moedanze moTamaSe;( aq ki berikebi did warmodgenebs awyobdnen)
g) Sereuli tipis. (isini jer ezoebSi Camoivlidnen patara scenebiT, Semdeg moedanze
gadadiodnen)
berikaobaSi mxolod mamakacebi Rebulobdnen monawileobas, qalis rolsac berika asrulebda.
Qqalebic awyobdnen calke saberiko warmodgenebs da qalebi iyvnen mayureblebic, Tumca
SeiZleboda vaJebis daswreba.
berikaobas hyavda Tavisi gamgebeli, romelsac yvela usityvod emorCileboda. Aam
gamgebels ‘berikaT winamZRvars’ uwodebda. kaxeTSi is taxis berikoSi (niRabSi) iyo.
berikaobis monawiles xalxi yovel wels irCevda, ‘eseni iyvnen xumara TamaSis mcodne
adamianebi’.
berikaTa gunds dasi an ‘dasta’ ewodeboda. xSirad moTamaSeTa gundi 2 dastisagan an
banakisagan Sedgeboda. TiToeul banaks taxis berikoSi mjdomi ormocisTavi meTaurobda.
TiToeul dass Tavisi alami hqonda aRmarTuli.
berikaTa dasis Semadgenloba sxvadasxva adgilas sxvadasxva iyo. tradiciulad dasSi
Sediodnen: taxis, mefis, patarZlis, Txis, mglis, mosamarTlis, eqimis, diakvnis, maWanklis,
batonis, vaWris, meRoris, glexis berikoebi (niRbebi).
berikaTa dass hyavda ‘mebarguleebi’, romlebsac evalebodaT xarkis akrefa, saCuqrebis
Senaxva. isiniBberikebs dayvebodnen cxenebiT an urmebiT.
Bberikaobis damTavrebis Semdeg, gasamrjelos agroveben. Ees iyo uZvelesi wesi. fSavur
berikaobaSi erT erTi moTamaSe kurdRlis Tavs gaikeTebda da ojaxs miadgeboda. Kkarze
daakakunebda, maspinZeli kars gauRebda da saCuqars miarTmevda.
vinc saCuqars ar gascemda, mis ojaxSi berikebi wyevlis scenebs asrulebdnen. isini ezoSi
gagordebodnen, rac imis niSani iyo, rom erTi ojaxis wevri mokvdeboda.
kaxeTSi, mag. Bberikebi Sediodnen ojaxSi da saWmeli gamohqondaT, vervain uSlida.
xarkis akrefas Teatralizebuli saxe hqonda. Akrefili xarkis Semdeg imarTeboda qeifi.
Bberikas niRabis wvers an balans nayofierebisTvis magiur Zalas miawerdnen, amitom
diasaxlisi berikas wveridan amoglejda balans da saqaTmeSi Cadebda, im imediT rom
qaTami met kvercxs dadebda.
s a T a m a S o adgili mowyoba
 sxvadasxvanairad xdeboda. Mmag imereTSi, gaakeTebdnen xalxis wres, am wreSi
daasobdnen or margils, gaabavdnen bawars da Camohkidebdnen tyavebs, es yofda adgils or
nawilad. Uukana mxare xalxidan ar Canda, sadac mogrovili iyvnen moTamaSeebi, e.i
berikebis Teatrs Taviseburi scena da kulisebi gaaCnda, magram ufro xSirad cariel moedanze
warmoadgendnen.
qarTlSi,Bberikaobis dawyebamde, berikaobidan gamoeyofoda 5-6 kaci Camouvlida sofels da
atyobinebda mosaxleobas berikaobis dawyebas
berikas n i R a b I
niRabi sparsuli sityvaa da qarTulSi me-18 saukuneSi unda damkvidrebuliyo. niRbis
aRmniSvneli sityvaa kaxeTSi ‘beriko’, imereTSi ‘kvaxberika’, radgan kvaxisagan
keTdeboda.
kaxeTSi, berikaobis ama Tu im personaJis gamomxatvels ‘saxioni’ ewodeboda. Bberikaoba
niRbebis Teatria da amitom misTvis niRabs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs. Bberikaobis
niRbebSi cxovelTa saxeobebia (iremi, kata, Sveli, kurdReli, Txa,cxeni, viri, aqlemi, daTvi,
mgeli. M
mcenareebidan-xe
miTologiuri arsebebidan devi, eSmaki
Senobebidan -taZari, sabZeli
cxovelis niRbebiani berikaoba Zvelia. Yyvelaze metad gavrcelebuli iyo taxis niRabi,
gansakuTrebiT kaxeTSi Roris niRabs mokluli Taxis an Roris Tavisagan amzadebdnen, aseve
akeTebdnen xisagan, miabavdnen tyavis naWrebis qveda ybas, ybebSi Causvamdnen eSvebs,
Tavs joxze miabavdnen.
taxi monawileobda bevr siuJetSi. Mmag. taxi sasiZo, romelic dedofalze qorwindeba, is
monawileobs jaris mier soflis awiokebis scenebSi.
cxenis niRabic iyo popularuli. Mmag. cxenkacoba. Dda a. S.
A
berikaobis t a n s a c m e l i
ZiriTadaT gamoiyeneboda cxovelis tyavis tansacmeli.
Bberika cxovelis tyavs Camoifxatebda da imave cxovelis tyavs moigdebda beWebze. Bberikebi
tyavis garda, Cveulebriv tansacmelsac icvavdnen. arCevdnen ugemovno tansacmels da imasac
gadmoabrunebdneb, rom mayurebelSi sicil-xarxari gamoewvia.
Mm u s i k a berikaobaSi
Aaq gamoiyeneboda rogorc sakravi, aseve xmieri musika.
sakravi musika gamoiyeneboda berikaTa dasis msvlelobisas. roca ezo-ezo dadiodnen dafa-
zurnas ukravdnen. Aaq gamoiyenebdnen dols, stvirs, Congurs. Bberikebs SemuSavebuli
hqondaT sasimRero repertuari, romlebic ‘berikuli simRerebis’ saxeliT iyo cnobili.

Bberikebis v i n a o b a
Aarsebobs cnoba, Tu vin monawileobda berikaobaSi me-18 me-20 saukuneebSi. Uufro adre
monawile berikebis Sesaxeb ara gvaqvs informacia.
cnobili berikebi iyvnen: oTar norioeli. M(misi warmodgenebi mede ereklesac hqonia nanaxi da
miiwvia mefis karze xumara-masxarad)😉
oiana-buiana
esec erekles karis masxara yofila da sxva.

berikaobis Teatris T a v i s e b u r e b a da mniSvneloba

berikaobis Taviseburebaa: niRabi, beriko, saxioni. Magram aq niRbis gamoyeneba farTo
mniSvnelobiT unda gavigoT. Bberikaobis yoveli moqmedi gmiri niRabi iyo. moTamaSe
SeiZleba zogjer niRabqveS ar TamaSobda, magram is mainc garkveuli niRabi iyo.
berikaobas SenarCunebuli hqonda cxovelebisa da frinvelebis niRbebi, Tumca sakulto
daniSnuleba daviwyebas iqna micemuli.
berikaobaSi niRbebad aqcevdnen usulo sagnebsac. xe, eklesia, sabZeli, yalioni. Aaseve
ganyenebul cnebebs (mag.ukuRmarTi cxovreba)
sakulto niRabTagan cxovelisa da frinvelis niRabTa Soris, yvelaze metad SemorCa taxisa da
daTvis niRabi. Taxis niRabi gamoyenebuli iyo datirebisas, mRvdelTmsaxurebis warmodgenisa
da mkvdris gacocxlebisas.
daTvis niRabi ki umetesad erotikul scenebSi iyo.
aRsaniSnavia SeyvarebulTa wyvilis dedoflisa da mefis niRbebi.
am wyvil niRabs emateboda arabisa da TaTris niRabi, Tarjimnis komikuri niRabi, mtarvali
Tavadis niRabi.
berikaobaSi erTerTi mTavari personaJia daCagruli, damcirebuli, magram usamarTlobis
winaaRmdeg mebrZoli glexis niRabi.
niRbis garda, berikaobis meore Taviseburebaa i m p r o v i z a c i a
es iyo improvizaciis Teatri. Bberikebi Taobidan Taobisgan gadmocemul scenarebis mixedviT
berikaobdnen, anda TviTon qmnidnen Tanamedrove cxovrebis amsaxvel axal masalaze
siuJetebs.
improvizavias sWirdeboda niWi, gamomgonebloba, moswrebuli sityvis Tqma, moqnili sxeuli.
Mmesame Tavisebureba iyo misi komediuri xasiaTi, Tumca berikebis sicili ar iyo mxolod
gamrTobi; (warmoadgendnen usamarTlobas);
meoTxe Tavisebureba is iyo, rom warmodgenaSi CarTuli iyo patar-patara saxumaro scenebi,
romelsac kavSiri ar hqonda siuJetTan. Es scenebi mayurebelTa gamojavrebasa da CaTrevasTan
iyo dakavSirebuli
es iyo namdvuili xalxuri Teatri
berikaobis scenarebze gavlenas axdenda qarTuli dramaturgia da piriqiT. Mmag. ‘Zunwi’ ise
warmoadgines, rom sof.iyalToSi, rom piesa ar hqondaT. eE.i. improvizaciulad.
Ooqropir wereTlis ‘qorwili imereTis Tavadisa’ ki sanaxevrod saimprovizacio warmodgenisTvis
gankuTvnil scenars warmoadgenda
Ddaskvna:

Yyeenoba
saqarTveloSi, yvelieris dasasruls ‘Sav orSabaTs’ ewyoboda saxalxo sanaxaoba----yeenoba.
Emoxevuri yeenoba yovel wels ar imarTeboda. Tu im wels raime zarali hqonda sofels yeenoba
ar Sesruldeboda da Tu mSvidoba iyo, maSin asrulebdnen da 4 dRe grZeldeboda.

yeenobaSi bevri xalxi monawileobda. SemorCenilia 48 Sinaarsi, romelic pirobiTad sam nawilad
unda gavyoT:
1.Seicavs sakulto ceremonialebis da warmarTuli mosteriebis gadmonaSTebs;
2.qarTvelTa brZolis gamomxatvel Sinaarsebs Seicavs;
3. asaxavs qarTvelTa xalxis brZolas mefis ruseTis winaaRmdeg;

Yyeenobis aRwerilobaY
Bbunebis ganayofierebisa da Svilierebis kultis gadmonaSTebi yeenobaSi
Mmag. mTiuleTSi, didmarxvis pirvel orSabaTs tardeboda. Yeens tanze gadmobrunebul
tyapuWs Caacmevda, Tavze wowola quds axurebdnen da uremze Sesvavdnen. Uurems
yeenis amala misdevda. sadac uremia ver mividoda, iq virze svamdnen da daatarebdnen.
Yyeeni oxunjobda da gamvlel qalebs earSiyeboda. Mmis brZanebas amala asrulebda da vinc
gzaze Sexvdeboda yeenisTvis jarima unda gadaexada.

P p a t r i o t u l i salaSqro yeenoba
TbilisSi yeenoba didi ceremonialiT sruldeboda. erTi moTamaSeTagani warmoadgenda
yeens, meore mefes. maT banaks Soris iwyeboda brZola, romelSic yeeni yovelTvis
marcxdeboda. Yyeens mdinareSi agdebdnen, TiTqos misi daxrCoba undaT. Semdeg
mayurebelTagan fuls hkrefdnen da am fuliT, moTamaSeni dasrulebis Semdeg qeifobdnen.
Mme-17, me-18 saukuneebis Tbilisi
1. aRweriloba
TbilisSi yeenobis dros ikribeboda xalxi da ikazmeboda berikuli tansacmliT. zogi cxenebze
jdeboda, maT win miuZRoda virze mjdomi sparselad Cacmuli yeeni. Mmas saxe Semuruli
hqonda da gadabrunebuli tyapuWi ecva, am dRes yvela savaWro da saxeolosno daxuruli iyo.
qalaqi Rebulobda sadResaswaulo saxes. msvlelobaSi monawileobdnen xelosanTa saamqro
musikiT. xalxs ecva myvirala feris tansacmeli, gadmobrunebuli tyapuWebiT. Mmxedrebsac
da qveiTebsac saxe Semuruli hqonda. Mmefis sasaxles miadgebodnen da iZaxdnen: yeens
salami. Mmefeebi ki fuls gadmoyridnen, Semdeg xalxi mtkvris napirze gaeSureboda da
iwyeboda qeifi.
2.aRweriloba
TbilisSi mTeli qalaqi or ubnad or mxared gaiyofoda. Damarcxebul yeens misi masxarebiT,
anu pampulebiT lafSi agdebdnen. lafSi Cagdebuli yeeni Tavisi amaliT qalaqgareT midioda
da iq marTavdnen calke lxins.
3.Yyeenoba sofelSi 1850 wels gamarTula. orSabaT dilas soflelebi Seikribebodnen bWobis
adgilas da moxucebi winadadebas aZlevdnen, rom aerCiaT yeeni. Yyeenad irCevdnen kacs,
romelic gamoirCeoda simarjviT, xumrobis unariT. Mmas Caacmevdnen gadabrunebul tyavs,
daaxuravdnen nabdisagan daxveul quds, saxes Seumuravdnen, xelSi miscemdnen xmals,
romelzedac vaSli iyo wamocmuli. Yyeens am erT dRes mefis uflebebi hqonda da vinc
yeenisadmi urCobas gamoiCenda, sastikad isjeboda (mag. Tvalebs Tvalebs daTxridnen, Sav
murs wausvamdnen Tvalebze).
Yyeeni virze jdeboda da Tavisi amaliT da dafa-zurniT sofels Semouvlida. Semdeg soflis
maRlobze gaiCenda sabrZanebels. iq vinc gaivlida aiZulebdnen yeenis Tayvaniscemas da
xarkis gadaxdas.
Yyeens ufleba hqonda gamvlels zurgze moxtomoda da eseirna. Semdeg xalxi 2 moWidave
banakad gaiyofoda da imarTeboda maTi falavnebis Widaoba. Fiqrobdnen, rom romeli
mxarec gaimarjvebda, mas kargi mosavali eqneboda.
4. javaxeTSi 1889w.
mTeli soflis vaJkacoba grovdeboda erT did darbazSi. iwvevdnen dafa-zurnas, am dRisTvis
amorCeuli iyo yeeni. xalxi zogi TamaSobda, zogi ki yeensa da berikas hkazmavda.
Bberika da yeeni Sua darbazSi icekvebdnen. Semdeg berika xalxTan erTad gareT gamodis:
maT win dafa-zurna miuZRviT, yeens cal xelSi qaRaldi uWiravs da cal xelSi naxSiri-viTom
sawer-kalami. Yyeeni brZanebas aZlevs berikas. Yyeens virze Sesvamen da ise daatareben.
Bberika dafa-zurnis TanxlebiT saxlebSi Sedis, hkrefs xarks da roca gamosvla daagviandeba
yeeni brazdeba. xarkad Rebuloben araysa da purs. Ppurs hyidian da am fuliT qeifoben.
Yyeenobis saTamaSo adgili
Yyeenoba Seicavda mokazmvis, qalaqisa Tu soflis darbevis, mefisa da yeens Soris brZolis
scenebs da sazeimo msvlelobas.
Yyeenis mokazmva ewyoboda darbazSi, xarkis akrefis scenebi imarTeboda ezoebSi, quCaSi
an specialurad SerCeul moedanze, sadac taxts udgamdnen yeens. Mme-19 s-is dasawyisSi
‘yeenis taxts’ TbilisSi dgavdnen seidabadis maRlobze. Mmefisa da yeenis jarebs Soris
brZola imarTeboda mTawmindis serze, sololakis xevSi an avlabarSi. Damarcxebuli yeenis
jari garboda navTluxisaken kaxeTSi.
Oori mopirdapire falavanTa Widaoba, ewyoboda saberikoze-samebis goraze.
Yyeenis mdinareSi daxrCobis scenebi mtkvris piras imarTeboda.

Yyeenobis wyoba
Yyeenobis kargad Catarebas xalxi did mniSvnelobas aniWebda, amito 1-2 kviriT adre
emzadebodnen. Yyeenobis gamarTvis win xalxi ‘erobaSi’ ikribeboda. Ees aris adgili sofelSi,
sadac soflelebi ikribebian da Tavis problemebze laparakoben. Sekrebas uxucesi xalxi
uZRveba, aq irCeven yeenobis Semsrulebels. Yyeenis Semsrulebeli ZiriTadad erTi da igive
adamiani iyo. Tumca ase ar iyo imereTSi. Aq irCevdnen maRal kacs, rac imas niSnavda rom
didi mosavali movidoda.
mTavari adgili yeenobaSi eWira xarkis akrefis scenebs. xarks ‘yeenis salams’ uwodebdnen.
rom ityodnen “salami yeenso”, es niSnavda xarki mieciT yeenso.. yeenisaTvis xarkis micema
warmoadgenda darbeva-awiokebis scenebs da iZulebiT xarkis gaRebas. Xarks krefdnen
yvela pirobebSi quCaSi, saxlebSi CamovliT, gamvlelebisgan.
zogierTi aRwerilobis mixedviT, yeeni xarkis akrefaSi ar ereoba da misi amala asrulebda am
davalebas. Mmosaxleoba am xarks ZiriTadad qeifSi xarjavda. Zogjer ugzavnidnen imaT,
vinc avad iyo.
yeenis dasasrulic Teatralizebuli iyo. damarcxebuli yeeni qalagareT qeifobda, gamarjvebuli
mefe ki misgan ganTavisuflebul qalaqSi.
Yyeenobas did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen, rogorc erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebul brZolis
iaraRs. Ggrigol orbeliansac mouwyvia erTxel yeenoba. 1894 wels ki iliasac miuRia
monawileoba, sxva sazodago monawileebTan erTad.
NniRbebi
ყეეnobaSi 2 mTavari niRabia: 1. saqarTveloze Semoseuli mtris;
2. qarTveli mefis anu xalxis winamZRolis

mtris niRabi droTa manZilze icvleboda xolme, gaaCnia vin iyo im periodSi qveynis
mteri. Romaelebisa da bizantielebis yofnis periodSi, dampyroblis niRabi iyo keisari.
arabTa batonobis dros arabis niRabi.
‘yeeni’ me-13-14 saukuneebSi monRolTa SemoWrisas damkvidrebuli terminia. Mme-17
s-Si yeeni unda yofiliyo secvlili “SahiT”.. mefis ruseTis periodSi Sahis niRabi
imperatorma Secvala, tumca mainc Zveli saxelwodeba yeenoba SerCa. Yyeens kapitnis
mundiri Caacves rusuli imperiuli sisastikis aRsaniSnavad.
Yyeeni mefis uflebebiT sargeblobs da mas yvela emorCileba. Zalauflebis niSnad mas
xelT qarqaSidan amowvdili xmali uWiravs, romelzedac damagrebulia xmali an vaSli.
vinc yeens xarks ar gadauxdida, maSin yeeni mas ajarimebda da ormagad axdevinebda.
Aamalas etyoda daarbieTo, amalac ZaliT waarTmevda. Yyeeni axovani tanis kaci iyo,
Savi wveriT da ulvaSiT. xevSi yeens mucelze baliSs ukeTebdnen, rom ufro didi da
msuqani gamoCeniliyo.
yeenobaSi monawileobda yeenis dedofalic, romelsac zogjer ‘xanumas’ uwodebdnen. is
loyawiTela, kekluci qalia da ufunqcio.
Tarjimani yeenis neba-survils acnobda xalxs. is erTdroulad iyo mrCeveli yeenisa.
Tarjimanisa da mrCevelis rols xumara kacs akisrebdnen. Tarjimani Targmnis dros xalxs
acinebda da dascinoda mters.
mosamarTlis niRabi Zvel yeenobaSi, ‘yadis saxeliTaa cnobili. Yadi yeenobis erT-erTi
mTavari niRabi iyo, radgan is iyo mosamarTle.
yeenobaSi saomprovizacio Teatris msaxiobis berikas niRabic iyo warmodgenili. javaxur
yeenobaSi berika yeenis Semdeg mTavar niRbad iTvleboda. Mmoxevur yeenobaSi
berika ‘masxaras’ an ‘artistis’ saxeliT monawileobda.
Yeenis amalas Seadgendnen niRbebi; eSmakebi, xarkis amkrefni, falavani, mealme,
xeljoxianebi da sxva. axal yeenobaSi ki mdivani, gadamweri, Jandarmi, policieli,
xelborkiliani tusaRebi da sxva.
qarTvel mefes hyavda jari, dedofali, mealme. Mmefis niRabs axal yeenobaSi meamboxes
uwodebdnen, romelsac ar undoda xarki gadaexada yeenisTvis.
yeenobaSi iyenebdnen grims. personaJebi ixatavdnen, ikeTebdnen wvers an ulvaSs.
xmarobdnen murs, fer-umarils. Yyeenis loyebis gasaberad xmarobdnen cxvris koWs..
imereTSi zogi boloks Caidebda pirSi da ise gaiberavda loyebs.
imereTSi iyenebdnen niRabsac. Yyeensa da dedofals orives niRabi hqonda blis kanisa
an kvaxisagan damzadebuli. Kvaxisagan gakeTebul niRabs kvaxberika ewodeboda.
 ტ ა n s a c m e l i da mokazmuloba

javaxeTSiYyeens Tavze axuravndnen sabudaris msgavs quds. Mmas tanze acvia

gadabrunebuli tyavis wamosasxami.
kaxeTSi, ki yeens exura nabdis qudi, tanze ecva Zveli Coxa an tyavisagan Sekerili qurqi.
zed ekeTa xmali, xanjali binoklis magivrad lamfis SuSa. imereTSi ki zogjer qudis
magivrad, Tavze wowola gidels adgamen.
Yyeeni an oCofexebze idga da ise modioda, an virze, cxenze an kameCze. TbilisSi me-19
saukunis 80-90 ianebSi Tan axlda berika-jambazebis yovlad ucnaur tansacmelSi
gamowyobili dasta. mosamarTles fraki ecva, saTvaleebi ekeTa da xelSi grZeli kalmistari
eWira. sxva moxeleebi mundirebSi iyvnen gamowyobili. tusaRebi borkilebSi
gamohyavdaT. yeenobisTvis didZali rekviziti iyo saWiro. Mmas amzadebdnen Tbilisel
xelosanTa saamqroebSi. yeenobaSi morTva mokazmva mayureblis Tvalwin xdeboda.

,
M
musika yeenobaSi
yeenobaSi iyenebdnen zurnas, Congurs, fandurs, sayvirebs da garmonsac.
roca yeenoba dasruldeboda da monawileebi lxins gaaCaRebdnen dafa-zurnac iqve hyavdaT.
Yyeenobis dros simRerebsac mRerodnen, magram repertuari ucnobia.

yeenobaSi ferxuls mxolod moxevurSi vxvdebiT.

s a i m p r o v i z a c i o wesi-
yeenobaSi mravali scena sruldeba improcizaciis wesiT. Yyeenobis monawileni
warmoadgenen xakis akrefas, yeenis sasamarTlos, yeenis winaaRmdeg amboxs. Yyeenobis,
iseve rogorc berikaobis monawileebs teqsti ar hqondaT. maT aqvT garkveuli sqema, gegma
da imis mixedviT improvizaciis wesiT qmnian sanaxaobas.
Yyeenobis saimprovizacio yvela scena komikuri xasiaTisaa. moTamaSeebis arCevisas
yuradReba eqceva imas vinc yvelaze metad sityvamoswrebulia da xumara.
Tavis gansaxierebaSi yeenobis niRbebi komizmis xerxs-gadaWarbebas mimarTavda. roca
yeeni brazobda, is xtoda, kbilebs akraWunebda. isini ar eridebodnen manWva-grexas, cema-
tyepas oRond xalxi gaecinebinaT.
Yyeenoba, rogorc p a t r i o t u l i sanaxaoba
TuSeTSi Semonaxulia TamaSi ‘tyveoba’. moTamaSeni romelime ubans Tavs daesxmebian,
astexen srolas da tyveebs waiyvanen. Ddamarcxebulma mxarem tyvedwayvanili Tavisianebi
unda gamoisyidos, ris Semdeg imarTeba nadimoba. xevsureTSic TamaSoben romelime
ojaxis darbevas. am dros ewyoba omis inscenireba da ramdenime Tofic gavardeba, imdeni
kaci unda gagordes. Tavdamsxmeli itacebs moxuc qals da da ibrZvian manam, sanam erT-
erTi mxare qals ar SeinarCunebs. brZolis Semdeg uvlian daWrilebs. Mmoklulebs asmeven
arays da acocxleben.